TFF Süperlig’de Pazartesi ve Derbi Maçlarının Ev Sahibi Takım Avantajına Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 247 - 264, 30.07.2022

Hakan Demirgil

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1095391

Cited By: 1

Öz

Futbolda ev sahibi takım avantajı iyi bilinen ve maçların sonuçlarını belirleyen önemli bir konudur. Pek çok farklı ligde ev sahibi avantajını etkileyen faktörler kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesine rağmen, konu Türkiye’de yeterli ilgiyi görememiştir. Çalışmada TFF Süper Lig’de maç katılım düzeyinin ev sahibi avantajı üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Tek aşamalı en küçük kareler modelinde pazartesi günü ve derbi maçlarının seyirci sayısını anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Daha sonra bu iki etki araç değişken olarak iki aşamalı en küçük kareler modeline dahil edilmiştir. Sonuçlar maç katılımındaki içsel artışların ev sahibi avantajını azaltan etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla fikstür hazırlanırken ilgili kurumların hafta içi maçlarına daha az yer vermesi kulüpler arasında olumsuz etkilenen rekabetçi dengenin düzelmesi ve gelir kayıplarının telafi edilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ev sahibi takım avantajı, Maç katılımı, TFF Süper Lig

The Effects of Monday and Derby Matches on the Home Team Advantage in TFF Super League

Öz

Home team advantage in football is a well-known and important issue that determines the results of the matches. Although the factors affecting the home advantage have been extensively studied in many different leagues, it has not attracted enough attention in Turkey. This paper evaluates the effect of fan attendance on home team advantage in TFF Super League. In the first-stage least squares model, it has been found out that monday and derby matches significantly affected the number of attendance. These two effects were then included as instrumental variables in the two-stage least squares model. The results show that the endogenous increases in match attendance decreases home team advantage. Consequently, the relevant institutions give less place to the weekday matches while preparing the fixtures and this will provide contribution to the improvement of the competitive balance between the football clubs and the compensation of the income losses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Home team advantage, Match attendance, TFF Super League

Kaynakça

• 1. AFP (2019, 12 July). Spanish football chief slams La Liga Monday games. France 24. https://www.france24.com/en/20190712-spanish-football-chief-slams-la-liga-monday-games
• 2. Agnew, G. A. ve Carron, A. V. (1994). Crowd effects and the home advantage. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 25(1), 53–62.
• 3. Belchior, C. A. (2020). Fans and match results: Evidence from a natural experiment in Brazil, Journal of Sport Economics, 21(7), 663-687. DOI:10.1177/1527002520930812
• 4. Boudreaux, C., Sanders, S. ve Walia, B. (2015). A natural experiment to determine the crowd effect upon home court advantage. Journal of Sports Economics, 18(7), 737–749. DOI:10. 1177/ 1527002515595842
• 5. Boyko, R. H., Boyko, A. R. ve Boyko, M. G. (2007). Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(11), 1185-1194. DOI:10.1080/02640410601038576
• 6. Buraimo, B. (2008). Stadium attendance and television audience demand in English league football. Managerial and Decision Economics, 29(6), 513–523. DOI:10.1002/mde.1421
• 7. Carmicheal, F. ve Thomas, D. (2005). Home-Field effect and team performance evidence from English premiership football. Journal of Sports Economics, 6(3), 264–28. DOI:10.1177/ 1527002504266154
• 8. Clarke, S. ve Norman, J. (1995). Home ground advantage of individual clubs in English soccer. The Statistician, 44(4), 509–521. DOI:10.2307/2348899
• 9. Courneya, K. S. ve Carron, A. V. (1992). The home advantage in sport competitions: A literature review. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 13–27. DOI:10.1123/ jsep.14.1.13
• 10. Dawson, P. ve Dobson, S. (2010). The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual decisions: Evidence from the behaviour of referees. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 181–191. DOI:10.1016/j.joep.2009.06.001
• 11. Devecioğlu, S. (2008). Türkiye’de futbolun kurumlaşması. Gazi Üniversitesi İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 26, 373-396.
• 12. Dohmen, T. J. (2008). The influence of social forces: Evidence from the behavior of football referees. Economic Inquiry, 46(3), 411–424. DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00112.x
• 13. Fischer, K. ve Haucap, J. (2020). Does crowd support drive the home advantage in professional soccer? Evidence from German ghost games during the Covid-19 pandemic. CESifo Working Paper, 8549. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3697062
• 14. Goumas, C. (2014). Home advantage in Australian soccer. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 119–123, DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.014
• 15. Johnston, R. (2008). On referee bias, crowd size, and home advantage in the English soccer Premiership. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(6), 563-568. DOI:10.1080/02640410701736780
• 16. Loughead, T. M., Carron, A. V., Bray, S. R. ve Kim, A. R. (2003). Facility familiarity and the home advantage in professional sports. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(3), 264-274, DOI: 10.1080/1612197X.2003.9671718
• 17. Madalozzo, R. ve Villar, R. (2009). Brazilian football: What brings fans to the game? Journal of Sports Economics, 10(6), 639–650. DOI: 10.1177/1527002509335572
• 18. Martin, R. (2020, 20 May). Monday matches back on La Liga agenda as tensions with federation cool. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-soccer-spain-idUKKBN22W1HQ
• 19. Nevill, A. M. ve Holder, R. L. (1999). Home advantage in sport: An overview of studies on the advantage of playing at home. Sports Medicine, 28, 221–236. DOI:10.2165/00007256-199928040-00001
• 20. Nevill, A. M., Newell, S. M. ve Gale, S. (1996). Factors associated with home advantage in English and Scottish soccer matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(2),181-186. DOI:10.1080/ 02640419608727700
• 21. Nichols, M. (2014). The impact of visiting team travel on game outcome and biases in NFL betting markets. Journal of Sports Economics, 15(1), 78–96. DOI:10.1177/ 1527002512440580
• 22. Oberhofer, H., Philippovich, T. ve Winner, H. (2010). Distance matters in away games: Evidence from German football league. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 200–211. DOI:10.1016/j.joep.2009.11.003
• 23. Orta, L. (2000). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de futbol organizasyonları analitik bir yaklaşım (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• 24. Özgünen, K. T., Kurdak, S. S., Maughan, R. J., Zeren, C., Korkmaz, S., Yazıcı, Z., Ersöz, G., Shirreffs, S. M., Binnet, M. S. ve Dvorak, J. (2010). Effect of hot environmental conditions on physical activity patterns and temperature response of football players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(4), 140-147. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838. 2010. 01219.x
• 25. Pace, A. ve Carron, A. V. (1992). Travel and home advantage. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17(1), 60–64.
• 26. Page, K. ve Page, L. (2010). Alone against the crowd: Individual differences in referees’ ability to cope under pressure. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 192–199. DOI:10.1016 /j.joep. 2009.08.007
• 27. Pollard, R. (2002). Evidence of a reduced home advantage when a team moves to a new stadium. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(12), 969-973. DOI: 10.1080/026404102321011724
• 28. Pollard, R. (2006a). Home advantage in soccer: variations in its magnitude and a literature review of the inter-related factors associated with its existence. Journal of Sport Behavior, 29(2),169-189.
• 29. Pollard, R. (2006b). Worldwide regional variations in home advantage in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(3), 231–240. DOI:10.1080/02640410500141836
• 30. Pollard, R. ve Armatas, V. (2017). Factors affecting home advantage in football World Cup qualification. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(1-2), 121-135, DOI:10. 1080/24748668.2017.1304031
• 31. Pollard, R. ve Pollard, G. (2005). Home advantage in soccer. A review of its existence and causes. International Journal of Soccer and Science Journal, 3(1), 28–38.
• 32. Pollard, R., Silva, C. D. ve Medeiros, N. C. (2008). Home advantage in football in Brazil: Differences between teams and the effects of distance travelled. The Brazillian Journal of Soccer Science, 1(1), 3–10.
• 33. Ponzo, M. ve Scoppa, V. (2018). Does the home advantage depend on crowd support? Evidence from same-stadium derbies. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(4), 562-582. DOI:10.1177/1527002516665794
• 34. Salminen, S. (1993). The effect of the audience on the home advantage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76(3), 1123–1128. DOI:10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1123
• 35. Scoppa, V. (2015). Fatigue and team performance in Soccer: Evidence from the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship. Journal of Sports Economics, 16(5), 482–507. DOI:10.1177/1527002513502794
• 36. Smith, E. E. ve Groetzinger, J. D. (2010). Do fans matter? The effect of attendance on the outcomes of major league baseball games. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 6(1), Article 4 (1-21). DOI:10.2202/1559-0410.1192
• 37. TFF (2022, Temmuz 8). Spor Toto Süper Lig maç programlarının ilanlarına ilişkin bilgilendirme. Erişim Adresi: https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=201&ftxtID=38142
• 38. Wang, C., Goossens, D. ve Vandebroek, M. (2016). The impact of the soccer schedule on TV viewership and stadium attendance evidence from the Belgian Pro League. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(1), 82-112. DOI:10.1177/1527002515612875
• 39. Zhou, C., Hopkins, W. G., Mao, W., Calvo, A. L. ve Liu, H. (2019). Match performance of soccer teams in the Chinese super league—Effects of situational and environmental factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4238. DOI:10.3390/ijerph16214238