Uzayda İnsan Hakları Kaygısı ve Türkiye: Erişim, Çevre, Güvenlik

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 218 - 243, 30.12.2025

Davut ōzyurt

https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1797081

https://izlik.org/JA34MJ62PU

Öz

Bu çalışma; uzay faaliyetlerinin hızla artmasıyla ortaya çıkan etik, teknolojik, toplumsal ve hukuki sorunların insan haklarıyla ilişkisini incelemektedir. Uzaya erişim hakkı, bilgiye ulaşma, bilimsel ilerlemeden yararlanma ve afetlerden korunma gibi temel haklar; uzay teknolojilerinin gelişimiyle, doğrudan bağlantılı hale gelmiştir. Ancak, dünya ülkelerinin çoğu uzay kapasitesine eşit bir şekilde sahip değildir. Bu durum, devletlerin egemenlik alanları ile ulusal güvenlikleri bakımında menfi sonuçlar yaratmaktadır. Uzaktan algılama ve yapay zekâ; eğitim ve gıda hakkı gibi hakları desteklerken, mahremiyet ihlali ve bilgiye erişimde kısıtlamalar gibi yeni riskler de doğurmaktadır. Uzay çöpleri ve madenciliği; çevre hakkı ve nesillerarası eşitlik açısından küresel bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Ayrıca, uzay faaliyetlerinin sürdürülebilirliği, uzay kaynaklarında mülkiyet ve uzay faaliyetlerinde hukuki sorumluluk konularında henüz ortak bir çözüm geliştirilememiştir. Uzayın askerileşmesi, yaşam hakkı ve barış hakkı üzerinde ciddi tehditler oluştururken; çift kullanımlı teknolojilere yönelik kısıtlamalar, ülkelerin bilimsel ve teknolojik ilerleme hakkını sınırlandırmaktadır. Türkiye ise, savunma sanayisine entegre uzay projeleriyle önemli bir aktör olma yolunda ilerlese de, ulusal normatif eksiklikler nedeniyle hukuki ve pratik risklerle karşı karşıyadır. Uluslararası hukukun yumuşak normlarının yerine daha bağlayıcı normatif düzenlemeler yapılması; hem uzay hukukunun gelişimi için hem de uzayın insan hakları üzerindeki etkisini müspet bir yönde tutmak için elzemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzay Çöpü , Uzay Madenciliği , Uzaktan Algılama , Uzayın Askerileşmesi , İnsan Hakları , Uzay Hukuku , Güvenlik

Human Rights Concerns in Space and Türkiye: Access, Environment, Security Dimensions

https://izlik.org/JA34MJ62PU

Öz

This study examines the relationship between human rights and the ethical, technological, social, and legal challenges arising from the rapid escalation of space activities. Fundamental rights such as the right to access space, information, benefit from scientific progress, and protection from disasters have become directly linked to advances in space technologies. Howsoever, the most of countries do not possess equal space capabilities, leading to adverse consequences for state sovereignty and national security. While remote sensing and artificial intelligence support rights such as education and food, they also introduce new risks, including violations of privacy and restrictions on access to information. Space debris and mining pose global challenges in terms of environmental rights and intergenerational equity. Furthermore, there is yet to be a common solution regarding the sustainability of space activities, property rights over space resources, and legal liability for space operations. The militarisation of space presents serious threats to the right to life and the right to peace, whereas restrictions on dual-use technologies limit the rights to scientific and technological progress of countries. Turkey is advancing as a significant actor through space projects integrated into its defence industry; nevertheless, it faces legal and practical risks due to normative deficiencies in national law. The replacement of soft norms in international law with more binding normative regulations for states is essential both for the development of space law and to ensure that the impact of space activities on human rights remains positive.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Space Debris , Space Mining , Remote Sensing , Militarization of Space , Human Rights , Space Law , Security

Kaynakça

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