Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi

Esra Çetinöz

EN TR

Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi

Öz

Öz: Polislik, birey üzerinde önemli fizyolojik ve psikolojik sorunlara yol açacak boyutta bir stres yükü yaratan mesleklerin ilk sıralarında yer almaktadır. Bununla birlikte polis uygulamalarının toplumun temel güvenlik, sosyal adalet ve insan hakları alanlarındaki algılarını etkiliyor olması; polis psikolojisini yalnız bireysel değil, toplum psikolojisi ve kamu güvenliği açısından da önemli bir olgu haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı günümüze kadar dünyada polis psikolojisi konusunda gerçekleştirilen bilimsel araştırmaları gözden geçirip ortak bulgulardan yola çıkarak yapılan değerlendirme ile konunun emniyet teşkilatı, kolluk personeli ve iç güvenlik açısından önemine dikkat çekmek ve Türkiye’de bir uzmanlık alanı olarak polis psikolojisinin gelişmesine öncülük etmektir. Bu amaçla ve geniş bir alan olması nedeniyle çalışmanın çerçevesi polislerde iş stresi, iş doyumu ve tükenmişlik, çalışma saatleri ve uyku sorunu, aile ve ilişki sorunları ve polis intiharları konuları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de bir uzmanlık alanı olarak polis psikolojisi konusunda yapılmış ilk araştırma olması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Abdulla, J. M. (2009). Determinants of job satisfaction among Dubai police employees [Doctoral dissertation, Dubai Police Academy]. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/files/588142/abdulla2009.pdf
Abdulla, J. M. (2009). Determinants of job satisfaction among Dubai police employees [Doctoral dissertation, Dubai Police Academy]. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/files/588142/abdulla2009.pdf
Adebayo, D. O., Sunmola, A. M., & Udegbe, I. B. (2008). Workplace fairness and emotional exhaustion in Nigeria police: the moderating role of gender. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 21(4), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701415456
Adebayo, D. O., Sunmola, A. M., & Udegbe, I. B. (2008). Workplace fairness and emotional exhaustion in Nigeria police: the moderating role of gender. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 21(4), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701415456
Aderemi, O., Titus, A. A., ve Olansile, S. B. (2019). Job Satisfaction among police officers in Osun State commands: Influence of perceived occupational stress and shift work. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 9(3), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijap.20190903.03 Alexander, D. A. ve Walker, L. G. (1996). The perceived impact of police work on police officers' spouses and families. Stress Medicine, 12(4), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199610)12:43.0.CO;2-3
Aderemi, O., Titus, A. A., ve Olansile, S. B. (2019). Job Satisfaction among police officers in Osun State commands: Influence of perceived occupational stress and shift work. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 9(3), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijap.20190903.03 Alexander, D. A. ve Walker, L. G. (1996). The perceived impact of police work on police officers' spouses and families. Stress Medicine, 12(4), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199610)12:43.0.CO;2-3
American Psychological Association (October, 2020). Recognized specialties, subspecialties, and proficiencies in professional psychology https://www.apa.org/ed/graduate/specialize/recognized
American Psychological Association (October, 2020). Recognized specialties, subspecialties, and proficiencies in professional psychology https://www.apa.org/ed/graduate/specialize/recognized

American Psychological Association (June, 2018). How can psychology advance police-community relations? Using psychological science and advocacy to contribute to solutions. https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/communique/2018/06/police-relations
American Psychological Association (June, 2018). How can psychology advance police-community relations? Using psychological science and advocacy to contribute to solutions. https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/communique/2018/06/police-relations
Aumiller, G., ve Corey, D. (2007). Defining the field of police psychology: Core domains and proficiencies. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 22, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-007-9013-4
Aumiller, G., ve Corey, D. (2007). Defining the field of police psychology: Core domains and proficiencies. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 22, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-007-9013-4
Backteman-Erlanson, S., Padyab, M., ve Brulin, C. (2013). Prevalence of burnout and associations with psychosocial work environment, physical strain, and stress of conscience among Swedish female and male police personnel. Police Practice and Research, 14(6), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.736719
Backteman-Erlanson, S., Padyab, M., ve Brulin, C. (2013). Prevalence of burnout and associations with psychosocial work environment, physical strain, and stress of conscience among Swedish female and male police personnel. Police Practice and Research, 14(6), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.736719
Bartol, C. R., ve Bartol, A. M. (2018). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Bartol, C. R., ve Bartol, A. M. (2018). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Berg, A. M., Hem, E., Lau, B., Loeb, M., ve Ekeberg, O. (2003). Suicidal ideation and attempts in Norwegian police. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(3), 302–312. http://doi.org/10.1521/suli.33.3.302.23215
Berg, A. M., Hem, E., Lau, B., Loeb, M., ve Ekeberg, O. (2003). Suicidal ideation and attempts in Norwegian police. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(3), 302–312. http://doi.org/10.1521/suli.33.3.302.23215
Berg, A. M., Hem, E., Lau, B., ve Ekeberg, Ø. (2006). An exploration of job stress and health in the Norwegian police service: A cross sectional study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 1, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-1-26
Berg, A. M., Hem, E., Lau, B., ve Ekeberg, Ø. (2006). An exploration of job stress and health in the Norwegian police service: A cross sectional study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 1, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-1-26
Bernert, R. A., ve Joiner, T. E. (2007). Sleep disturbances and suicide risk: A review of the literature. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 3(6), 735–743. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s1248
Bernert, R. A., ve Joiner, T. E. (2007). Sleep disturbances and suicide risk: A review of the literature. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 3(6), 735–743. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s1248
Boke, B ve Nalla, M. (2009). Police organizational culture and job satisfaction: A comparison of law enforcement officers’ perceptions in Two Midwestern States in the U.S. Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, 11(1), 55-73.
Boke, B ve Nalla, M. (2009). Police organizational culture and job satisfaction: A comparison of law enforcement officers’ perceptions in Two Midwestern States in the U.S. Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, 11(1), 55-73.
Bond, J., Hartley, T. A., Sarkisian, K., Andrew, M. E., Charles, L. E., Violanti, J. M., ve Burchfiel, C. M. (2013). Association of traumatic police event exposure with sleep quality and quantity in the BCOPS Study cohort. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15(4), 255–265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4686131/
Bond, J., Hartley, T. A., Sarkisian, K., Andrew, M. E., Charles, L. E., Violanti, J. M., ve Burchfiel, C. M. (2013). Association of traumatic police event exposure with sleep quality and quantity in the BCOPS Study cohort. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15(4), 255–265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4686131/
Brandi, S. G., ve Smith, B. W. (2013). An empirical examination of retired police officers’ length of retirement and age at death: A research note. Police Quarterly, 16(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611112465611
Brandi, S. G., ve Smith, B. W. (2013). An empirical examination of retired police officers’ length of retirement and age at death: A research note. Police Quarterly, 16(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611112465611
Brent, D. A., ve Bridge, J. (2003). Firearms availability and suicide: Evidence, interventions, and future directions. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(9), 1192–1210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764202250662 Brown, J. M., ve Campbell, E. A. (1990). Sources of occupational stress in the police. Work & Stress, 4(4), 305-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379008256993
Brent, D. A., ve Bridge, J. (2003). Firearms availability and suicide: Evidence, interventions, and future directions. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(9), 1192–1210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764202250662 Brown, J. M., ve Campbell, E. A. (1990). Sources of occupational stress in the police. Work & Stress, 4(4), 305-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379008256993
Buck, A. A., ve Neff, L. A. (2012). Stress spillover in early marriage: the role of self-regulatory depletion. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(5), 698–708. https://doi.org/10.1037/a002926
Buck, A. A., ve Neff, L. A. (2012). Stress spillover in early marriage: the role of self-regulatory depletion. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(5), 698–708. https://doi.org/10.1037/a002926
Burke, R. J., ve Mikkelsen, A. (2007). Suicidal ideation among police officers in Norway. Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 30(2), 228-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510710753234
Burke, R. J., ve Mikkelsen, A. (2007). Suicidal ideation among police officers in Norway. Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 30(2), 228-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510710753234
Chopko, B. A., Palmieri, P. A., ve Adams, R. E. (2018). Relationships among traumatic experiences, PTSD, and posttraumatic growth for police officers: A path analysis. Psychological Trauma, 10(2),183-189. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000261
Chopko, B. A., Palmieri, P. A., ve Adams, R. E. (2018). Relationships among traumatic experiences, PTSD, and posttraumatic growth for police officers: A path analysis. Psychological Trauma, 10(2),183-189. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000261
Cooper, C. L., ve Cartwright, S. (1994). Healthy mind; Healthy organization—A proactive approach to occupational stress. Human Relations, 47(4), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679404700405
Cooper, C. L., ve Cartwright, S. (1994). Healthy mind; Healthy organization—A proactive approach to occupational stress. Human Relations, 47(4), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679404700405
Costa., T, Passos, F., ve Queiros, C. (2019). Suicides of male portuguese police officers - 10 years of national data. Crisis, 40(5), 360-364. https://doi.org/360-364. 10.1027/0227-5910/a000570
Costa., T, Passos, F., ve Queiros, C. (2019). Suicides of male portuguese police officers - 10 years of national data. Crisis, 40(5), 360-364. https://doi.org/360-364. 10.1027/0227-5910/a000570
Cranwell-Ward J., ve Abbey A. (2005). Organizational Stress. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230522800_7 Holt, R. R. (1993). Occupational stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.) (pp. 342–367). Free Press.
Cranwell-Ward J., ve Abbey A. (2005). Organizational Stress. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230522800_7 Holt, R. R. (1993). Occupational stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.) (pp. 342–367). Free Press.
DeFrank, R. S., ve Cooper, C. L. (1987). Worksite stress management interventions: Their effectiveness and conceptualization. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2, 4-10.
DeFrank, R. S., ve Cooper, C. L. (1987). Worksite stress management interventions: Their effectiveness and conceptualization. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2, 4-10.
Demou, E., Hale, H., ve Hunt, K. (2020) Understanding the mental health and wellbeing needs of police officers and staff in Scotland. Police Practice and Research, 21, 6, 702-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1772782
Demou, E., Hale, H., ve Hunt, K. (2020) Understanding the mental health and wellbeing needs of police officers and staff in Scotland. Police Practice and Research, 21, 6, 702-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1772782
Di Nota, P. M., Anderson, G. S., Ricciardelli, R., Carleton, R. N., ve Groll, D. (2020). Mental disorders, suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among Canadian police. Occup Med, 70(3), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa026
Di Nota, P. M., Anderson, G. S., Ricciardelli, R., Carleton, R. N., ve Groll, D. (2020). Mental disorders, suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among Canadian police. Occup Med, 70(3), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa026
Etzion, D. (1984), “Moderating effect of social support on the stress−burnout relationship”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 615-622.
Etzion, D. (1984), “Moderating effect of social support on the stress−burnout relationship”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 615-622.
Feuer, E., ve Rosenman, K. (1986). Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 9(6), 517–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700090603
Feuer, E., ve Rosenman, K. (1986). Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 9(6), 517–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700090603
Fletcher, D., ve Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist, 18(1):12-23. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000124
Fletcher, D., ve Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist, 18(1):12-23. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000124
Forastiere, F., Perucci, C. A., Di Pietro, A., Miceli, M., Rapiti, E., Bargagli, A., ve Borgia, P. (1994). Mortality among urban policemen in Rome. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 26(6), 785–798. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700260607
Forastiere, F., Perucci, C. A., Di Pietro, A., Miceli, M., Rapiti, E., Bargagli, A., ve Borgia, P. (1994). Mortality among urban policemen in Rome. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 26(6), 785–798. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700260607
Franke, W.D., Collins, S.A., ve Hinz, P.N. (1998). Cardiovascular disease morbidity in an Iowa law enforcement cohort, compared with the general Iowa population. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40(5), 441-444. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199805000-00006
Franke, W.D., Collins, S.A., ve Hinz, P.N. (1998). Cardiovascular disease morbidity in an Iowa law enforcement cohort, compared with the general Iowa population. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40(5), 441-444. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199805000-00006
Garbarino, S., Guglielmi, O., Puntoni, M., Bragazzi, N. L., ve Magnavita, N. (2019). Sleep quality among police officers: İmplications and insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health,16(5), 885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050885
Garbarino, S., Guglielmi, O., Puntoni, M., Bragazzi, N. L., ve Magnavita, N. (2019). Sleep quality among police officers: İmplications and insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health,16(5), 885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050885
Gershon, R. R., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., ve Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(3), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808330015
Gershon, R. R., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., ve Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(3), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808330015
Griffin, J., ve Sun, I. (2018). Do work-family conflict and resiliency mediate police stress and burnout: A study of state police officers. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 354-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12103-017-9401-Y
Griffin, J., ve Sun, I. (2018). Do work-family conflict and resiliency mediate police stress and burnout: A study of state police officers. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 354-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12103-017-9401-Y
Gu, J. K., Charles, L. E., Burchfiel, C. M., Andrew, M. E., ve Violanti, J. M. (2011). Cancer incidence among police officers in a U.S. northeast region: 1976-2006. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13(4), 279–289. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681507/
Gu, J. K., Charles, L. E., Burchfiel, C. M., Andrew, M. E., ve Violanti, J. M. (2011). Cancer incidence among police officers in a U.S. northeast region: 1976-2006. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13(4), 279–289. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681507/
Gutshall, C. L., Hampton, D. P., Sebetan, I. M., Stein, P. C., ve Broxtermann, T. J. (2017) The effects of occupational stress on cognitive performance in police officers, Police Practice and Research, 18,(5), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1288120
Gutshall, C. L., Hampton, D. P., Sebetan, I. M., Stein, P. C., ve Broxtermann, T. J. (2017) The effects of occupational stress on cognitive performance in police officers, Police Practice and Research, 18,(5), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1288120
Habersaat, S. A., Geiger, A. M., Abdellaoui, S., ve Wolf, J. M. (2015). Health in police officers: Role of risk factor clusters and police divisions. Social Science & Medicine, 143, 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.043
Habersaat, S. A., Geiger, A. M., Abdellaoui, S., ve Wolf, J. M. (2015). Health in police officers: Role of risk factor clusters and police divisions. Social Science & Medicine, 143, 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.043
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı (2021). Halk sağlığı kavram. http://www.halksagligi.hacettepe.edu.tr/hakkinda/kavram.php
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı (2021). Halk sağlığı kavram. http://www.halksagligi.hacettepe.edu.tr/hakkinda/kavram.php
Han, M., Park, S., Park, J. H., Hwang, S. S., ve Kim, I. (2018). Do police officers and firefighters have a higher risk of disease than other public officers? A 13-year nationwide cohort study in South Korea. BMJ Open, 8(1), e019987. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019987
Han, M., Park, S., Park, J. H., Hwang, S. S., ve Kim, I. (2018). Do police officers and firefighters have a higher risk of disease than other public officers? A 13-year nationwide cohort study in South Korea. BMJ Open, 8(1), e019987. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019987
Herzberg, F. (1968). One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?. Harvard Business Review, 46, 53-62.
Herzberg, F. (1968). One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?. Harvard Business Review, 46, 53-62.
Hoath, D., Schneider, F. W., ve Starr, M. W. (1998). Police job satisfaction as a function of career orientation and position tenure: Implications for selection and community policing. Journal of Criminal Justice, 26(4), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(98)00010-5
Hoath, D., Schneider, F. W., ve Starr, M. W. (1998). Police job satisfaction as a function of career orientation and position tenure: Implications for selection and community policing. Journal of Criminal Justice, 26(4), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(98)00010-5
Hobfoll S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. The American psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513
Hobfoll S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. The American psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513
Holt, R. R. (1993). Occupational stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.) (pp. 342–367). Free Press.
Holt, R. R. (1993). Occupational stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.) (pp. 342–367). Free Press.
Houdmont, J., ve Randall, R. (2016). Working hours and common mental disorders in English police officers. Occupational Medicine, 66(9), 713–718. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqw166
Houdmont, J., ve Randall, R. (2016). Working hours and common mental disorders in English police officers. Occupational Medicine, 66(9), 713–718. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqw166
Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., Fairbank, J. A., Schlenger, W. E., Kulka, R. A., Hough, R. L., ve Weiss, D. S. (1992). Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 916 –926. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.60.6.916
Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., Fairbank, J. A., Schlenger, W. E., Kulka, R. A., Hough, R. L., ve Weiss, D. S. (1992). Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 916 –926. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.60.6.916
Kapade-Nikam, P., ve Shaikh, M. (2014). Occupational stress, burnout and coping in police personnel: Findings from a systematic review. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 6(2), 144-148. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279235713_Occupational_Stress_Burnout_and_Coping_in_Police_Personnel_Findings_from_a_Systematic_Review
Kapade-Nikam, P., ve Shaikh, M. (2014). Occupational stress, burnout and coping in police personnel: Findings from a systematic review. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 6(2), 144-148. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279235713_Occupational_Stress_Burnout_and_Coping_in_Police_Personnel_Findings_from_a_Systematic_Review
Kop, N., ve Euwema, M. C. (2001). Occupational stress and the use of force by dutch police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(5), 631-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/009385480102800505
Kop, N., ve Euwema, M. C. (2001). Occupational stress and the use of force by dutch police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(5), 631-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/009385480102800505
Kyron, M. J., Rikkers, W., Page, A. C., O'Brien, P., Bartlett, J., LaMontagne, A., ve Lawrence, D. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among Australian police and emergency services employees. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 180–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867420937774
Kyron, M. J., Rikkers, W., Page, A. C., O'Brien, P., Bartlett, J., LaMontagne, A., ve Lawrence, D. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among Australian police and emergency services employees. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 180–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867420937774
Lambert, E. G., Qureshi, H., Frank, J., Keena, L. D., ve Hogan, N. L. (2017) The relationship of work-family conflict with job stress among Indian police officers: a research note. Police Practice and Research, 18(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2016.1210010
Lambert, E. G., Qureshi, H., Frank, J., Keena, L. D., ve Hogan, N. L. (2017) The relationship of work-family conflict with job stress among Indian police officers: a research note. Police Practice and Research, 18(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2016.1210010
Lee, R. T., ve Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 123-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123
Lee, R. T., ve Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 123-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123
Lin, P. Y., Wang, J. Y., Shih, D. P., Kuo, H. W., ve Liang, W. M. (2019). The interaction effects of burnout and job support on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) among firefighters and policemen. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132369
Lin, P. Y., Wang, J. Y., Shih, D. P., Kuo, H. W., ve Liang, W. M. (2019). The interaction effects of burnout and job support on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) among firefighters and policemen. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132369
Lucas, T., Weidner, N., ve Janisse, J. (2013). Where does work stress come from? A generalisability analysis of stress in police officers. Psychology & Health, 27(12), 1426-1447. https://doi.org/3910.1080/08870446.2012.687738
Lucas, T., Weidner, N., ve Janisse, J. (2013). Where does work stress come from? A generalisability analysis of stress in police officers. Psychology & Health, 27(12), 1426-1447. https://doi.org/3910.1080/08870446.2012.687738
Magnavita, N., ve Garbarino, S. (2017). Sleep, Health and Wellness at Work: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(11), 1347. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111347
Magnavita, N., ve Garbarino, S. (2017). Sleep, Health and Wellness at Work: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(11), 1347. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111347
Magnavita, N., Capitanelli, I., Garbarino, S., ve Pira, E. (2018). Work-related stress as a cardiovascular risk factor in police officers: a systematic review of evidence. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 91(4), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1290-y
Magnavita, N., Capitanelli, I., Garbarino, S., ve Pira, E. (2018). Work-related stress as a cardiovascular risk factor in police officers: a systematic review of evidence. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 91(4), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1290-y
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., ve Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., ve Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Mastracci, S. H., ve Adams, I. T. (2020). It’s not depersonalization, It’s emotional labor: examining surface acting and use-of-force with evidence from the US. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 61, 100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLCJ.2019.100358
Mastracci, S. H., ve Adams, I. T. (2020). It’s not depersonalization, It’s emotional labor: examining surface acting and use-of-force with evidence from the US. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 61, 100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLCJ.2019.100358
Maynard, P., Maynard, N., Mccubbin, H., ve Shao, D. (1980). Family life and the police profession: Coping patterns wives employ in managing job stress and the family environment. Family Relations, 29(4), 495-501. https://doi.org/10.2307/584464
Maynard, P., Maynard, N., Mccubbin, H., ve Shao, D. (1980). Family life and the police profession: Coping patterns wives employ in managing job stress and the family environment. Family Relations, 29(4), 495-501. https://doi.org/10.2307/584464
McCraty, R., ve Atkinson, M. (2012). Resilience training program reduces physiological and psychological stress in police officers. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 1(5), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.5.013
McCraty, R., ve Atkinson, M. (2012). Resilience training program reduces physiological and psychological stress in police officers. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 1(5), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.5.013
Mccarty, W. P., ve Skogan, W. (2013). Job-related burnout among civilian and sworn police personnel. Police Quarterly, 16, 66 - 84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611112457357
Mccarty, W. P., ve Skogan, W. (2013). Job-related burnout among civilian and sworn police personnel. Police Quarterly, 16, 66 - 84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611112457357
McCoy, S. P., ve Aamodt, M. G. (2010). A comparison of law enforcement divorce rates with those of other occupations. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 25, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-009-9057-8
McCoy, S. P., ve Aamodt, M. G. (2010). A comparison of law enforcement divorce rates with those of other occupations. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 25, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-009-9057-8
McCreary, D. R., ve Thompson, M. M. (2006). Development of two reliable and valid measures of stressors in policing: The operational and organizational police stress questionnaires. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(4), 494–518. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.13.4.494
McCreary, D. R., ve Thompson, M. M. (2006). Development of two reliable and valid measures of stressors in policing: The operational and organizational police stress questionnaires. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(4), 494–518. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.13.4.494
Miller, H. A., Mire, S., ve Kim, B. (2009). Predictors of job satisfaction among police officers: Does personality matter?. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(5), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.07.001
Miller, H. A., Mire, S., ve Kim, B. (2009). Predictors of job satisfaction among police officers: Does personality matter?. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(5), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.07.001
Miller, L. (2007). Police families: Stresses, syndromes, and solutions. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35, 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180600698541
Miller, L. (2007). Police families: Stresses, syndromes, and solutions. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35, 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180600698541
Mishara, B. L., ve Martin, N. (2012). Effects of a comprehensive police suicide prevention program. Crisis, 33(3), 162-8. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000125
Mishara, B. L., ve Martin, N. (2012). Effects of a comprehensive police suicide prevention program. Crisis, 33(3), 162-8. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000125
Mohr, D., Vedantham, K., Neylan, T., Metzler, T. J., Best, S., ve Marmar, C. R. (2003). The mediating effects of sleep in the relationship between traumatic stress and health symptoms in urban police officers. Psychosom Med, 65(3), 485-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000041404.96597.38
Mohr, D., Vedantham, K., Neylan, T., Metzler, T. J., Best, S., ve Marmar, C. R. (2003). The mediating effects of sleep in the relationship between traumatic stress and health symptoms in urban police officers. Psychosom Med, 65(3), 485-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000041404.96597.38
Morash, M., Haarr, R., ve Kwak, D. H. (2006). Multilevel influences on police stress. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 22(1), 39-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500303
Morash, M., Haarr, R., ve Kwak, D. H. (2006). Multilevel influences on police stress. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 22(1), 39-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500303
Mostert, K., ve Rothmann, S. (2006). Work-related well-being in the South African police service. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 479 –491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.09.003
Mostert, K., ve Rothmann, S. (2006). Work-related well-being in the South African police service. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34, 479 –491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.09.003
Murphy, L. R. (1988). Workplace interventions for stress reduction and prevention. In C. L. Cooper & R. Payne (Eds.), Causes, coping and consequences of stress at work. John Wiley & Sons.
Murphy, L. R. (1988). Workplace interventions for stress reduction and prevention. In C. L. Cooper & R. Payne (Eds.), Causes, coping and consequences of stress at work. John Wiley & Sons.
National Instıtute of Mental Health. (2021). Suicide prevention. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention/
National Instıtute of Mental Health. (2021). Suicide prevention. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention/
Neely, P., ve Cleveland, C. S. (2011). The impact of job-related stressors on incidents of excessive force by police officers. Aerican. Journal of Health Sciences. 3, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v3i1.6755
Neely, P., ve Cleveland, C. S. (2011). The impact of job-related stressors on incidents of excessive force by police officers. Aerican. Journal of Health Sciences. 3, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v3i1.6755
Paoline, E. A., ve Gau, J. M. (2019). An empirical assessment of the sources of police job satisfaction. Police Quarterly, 0(0), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611119875117
Paoline, E. A., ve Gau, J. M. (2019). An empirical assessment of the sources of police job satisfaction. Police Quarterly, 0(0), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611119875117
Parker, S. K. (2007). Job satisfaction. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 406-410). SAGE Publications.
Parker, S. K. (2007). Job satisfaction. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 406-410). SAGE Publications.
Patel, R., Huggard, P., ve Toledo, A. (2017). Occupational stress and burnout among surgeons in Fiji. Front. Public Health 5,41. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00041
Patel, R., Huggard, P., ve Toledo, A. (2017). Occupational stress and burnout among surgeons in Fiji. Front. Public Health 5,41. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00041
Pearlin, L., ve Skaff M. M. (1996). Stress and the life course: a paradigmatic alliance. Gerontologist, 36, 239–247. Pendleton, M., Stotland, E., Spiers, P., ve Kirsch, E. (1989). Stress and strain among police, firefighters, and government workers: A comparative analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 16, 196-210.
Pearlin, L., ve Skaff M. M. (1996). Stress and the life course: a paradigmatic alliance. Gerontologist, 36, 239–247. Pendleton, M., Stotland, E., Spiers, P., ve Kirsch, E. (1989). Stress and strain among police, firefighters, and government workers: A comparative analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 16, 196-210.
Pritchett, G. L. (1993). Interpersonal communication: Improving law enforcement's image. Journal FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 62(7), 22-26. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/143634NCJRS.pdf
Pritchett, G. L. (1993). Interpersonal communication: Improving law enforcement's image. Journal FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 62(7), 22-26. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/143634NCJRS.pdf
Purba, A., ve Demou, E. (2019). The relationship between organisational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: A systematic review. BMC Public Health 19, 1286. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7609-0
Purba, A., ve Demou, E. (2019). The relationship between organisational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: A systematic review. BMC Public Health 19, 1286. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7609-0
Rajaratnam, S. M., Barger, L. K., Lockley, S. W., Shea, S. A., Wang, W., Landrigan, C. P., O'Brien, C. S., Qadri, S., Sullivan, J. P., Cade, B. E., Epstein, L. J., White, D. P., Czeisler, C. A., ve Harvard Work Hours, Health and Safety Group (2011). Sleep disorders, health, and safety in police officers. JAMA, 306(23), 2567–2578. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1851
Rajaratnam, S. M., Barger, L. K., Lockley, S. W., Shea, S. A., Wang, W., Landrigan, C. P., O'Brien, C. S., Qadri, S., Sullivan, J. P., Cade, B. E., Epstein, L. J., White, D. P., Czeisler, C. A., ve Harvard Work Hours, Health and Safety Group (2011). Sleep disorders, health, and safety in police officers. JAMA, 306(23), 2567–2578. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1851
Reese, J. T. (1986). Policing the violent society: The American experience. Stress Medicine, 2(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460020309
Reese, J. T. (1986). Policing the violent society: The American experience. Stress Medicine, 2(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460020309
Roberts, N. A., ve Robert W. Levenson, R. W. (2004). The remains of the workday: Impact of job stress and exhaustion on marital ınteraction in police couples. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 1052-1067. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01052.x
Roberts, N. A., ve Robert W. Levenson, R. W. (2004). The remains of the workday: Impact of job stress and exhaustion on marital ınteraction in police couples. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 1052-1067. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01052.x
Robinson, H. M., Sigman, M. R., ve Wilson, J. P. (1997). Duty-related stressors and PTSD symptoms in suburban police officers. Psychological Reports, 81, 835-845. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.835
Robinson, H. M., Sigman, M. R., ve Wilson, J. P. (1997). Duty-related stressors and PTSD symptoms in suburban police officers. Psychological Reports, 81, 835-845. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.835
Schmidtke, A., Fricke, S., ve Lester, D. (1999). Suicide among German federal and state police officers. Psychological Reports, 84(1), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.157
Schmidtke, A., Fricke, S., ve Lester, D. (1999). Suicide among German federal and state police officers. Psychological Reports, 84(1), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.157
Sleep Foundation (2020). Circadian Rhythm. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm
Sleep Foundation (2020). Circadian Rhythm. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm
Smith, N. I. J., Gilmour, S., Prescott-Mayling, L., Hogarth, L., Corrigan, J. D., ve Williams, W. H. (2021). A pilot study of brain injury in police officers: A source of mental health problems? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 28(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12676
Smith, N. I. J., Gilmour, S., Prescott-Mayling, L., Hogarth, L., Corrigan, J. D., ve Williams, W. H. (2021). A pilot study of brain injury in police officers: A source of mental health problems? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 28(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12676
Society for Police and Criminal Psychology (2021). Educational Opportunities in Police and Criminal Psychology. https://www.policepsychology.org/Education
Society for Police and Criminal Psychology (2021). Educational Opportunities in Police and Criminal Psychology. https://www.policepsychology.org/Education
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Sage.
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Sage.
Stuart H. (2008). Suicidality among police. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 21(5), 505-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328305e4c1
Stuart H. (2008). Suicidality among police. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 21(5), 505-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328305e4c1
Syed, S., Ashwick, R., Schlosser, M., Jones, R., Rowe, S., ve Billings, J. (2020). Global prevalence and risk factors for mental health problems in police personnel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med, 77(11), 737-747. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106498
Syed, S., Ashwick, R., Schlosser, M., Jones, R., Rowe, S., ve Billings, J. (2020). Global prevalence and risk factors for mental health problems in police personnel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med, 77(11), 737-747. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106498
The United States Department of Justice, 2021. Importance of Police-Community Relationships and Resources for Further Reading. https://www.justice.gov/crs/file/836486/download
The United States Department of Justice, 2021. Importance of Police-Community Relationships and Resources for Further Reading. https://www.justice.gov/crs/file/836486/download
Queirós, C., Kaiseler, M., ve Da Silva, A. L. (2013). Burnout as predictor of aggressivity among police officers. European Journal of Policing Studies, 1(2), 110-135. Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., Silva, C. F., ve Pereira, A. (2020). Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: Literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00587
Queirós, C., Kaiseler, M., ve Da Silva, A. L. (2013). Burnout as predictor of aggressivity among police officers. European Journal of Policing Studies, 1(2), 110-135. Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., Silva, C. F., ve Pereira, A. (2020). Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: Literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00587
Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across cultures. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl343
Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across cultures. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl343
Vena, J. E., Violanti, J. M., Marshall, J., ve Fiedler, R. C. (1986). Mortality of a municipal worker cohort: III. Police officers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 10(4):383-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700100406
Vena, J. E., Violanti, J. M., Marshall, J., ve Fiedler, R. C. (1986). Mortality of a municipal worker cohort: III. Police officers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 10(4):383-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700100406
Vena, J. E., Charles, L. E., Gu, J. K., Burchfiel, C. M., Andrew, M. E., Fekedulegn, D., ve Violanti, J. M. (2014). Mortality of a Police Cohort: 1950-2005. J Law Enforc Leadersh Ethics, 1(1), 7-20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681405/pdf/nihms-739508.pdf
Vena, J. E., Charles, L. E., Gu, J. K., Burchfiel, C. M., Andrew, M. E., Fekedulegn, D., ve Violanti, J. M. (2014). Mortality of a Police Cohort: 1950-2005. J Law Enforc Leadersh Ethics, 1(1), 7-20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681405/pdf/nihms-739508.pdf
Vila B. (2006). Impact of long work hours on police officers and the communities they serve. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49(11), 972-980. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20333
Vila B. (2006). Impact of long work hours on police officers and the communities they serve. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49(11), 972-980. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20333
Vila, B. (2009). Sleep Deprivation: What Does It Mean for Public Safety Officers? National Institute of Justice Journal, 262, 26-31. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/sleep-deprivation-what-does-it-mean-public-safety-officers
Vila, B. (2009). Sleep Deprivation: What Does It Mean for Public Safety Officers? National Institute of Justice Journal, 262, 26-31. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/sleep-deprivation-what-does-it-mean-public-safety-officers
Violanti, J. M., Vena, J. E., ve Petralia, S. (1998). Mortality of a police cohort: 1950-1990. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 33(4):366-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199804)33:4<366::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-s
Violanti, J. M., Vena, J. E., ve Petralia, S. (1998). Mortality of a police cohort: 1950-1990. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 33(4):366-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199804)33:4<366::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-s
Violanti, J. M., Fekedulegn, D., Hartley, T. A., Andrew, M. E., Gu, J. K., ve Burchfiel, C. M. (2013). Life expectancy in police officers: a comparison with the U.S. general population. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15(4), 217–228. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734369/
Violanti, J. M., Fekedulegn, D., Hartley, T. A., Andrew, M. E., Gu, J. K., ve Burchfiel, C. M. (2013). Life expectancy in police officers: a comparison with the U.S. general population. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15(4), 217–228. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734369/
Violanti, J. M., ve Steege, A. (2021). Law enforcement worker suicide: an updated national assessment. Policing, 44(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2019-0157
Violanti, J. M., ve Steege, A. (2021). Law enforcement worker suicide: an updated national assessment. Policing, 44(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2019-0157
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., Malhotra, R. K., Martin, J. L., Patel, S. R., Quan, S. F., ve Tasali, E. (2015). Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. J Clin Sleep Med, 11(6):591–592. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4758
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., Malhotra, R. K., Martin, J. L., Patel, S. R., Quan, S. F., ve Tasali, E. (2015). Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. J Clin Sleep Med, 11(6):591–592. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4758
Wirth, M., Vena, J. E., Smith, E. K., Bauer, S. E., Violanti, J., ve Burch, J. (2013). The epidemiology of cancer among police officers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 56(4), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22145
Wirth, M., Vena, J. E., Smith, E. K., Bauer, S. E., Violanti, J., ve Burch, J. (2013). The epidemiology of cancer among police officers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 56(4), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22145
Wray, C., ve Jarrett, S. B. (2019). The relationship between burnout and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 21(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355719856026
Wray, C., ve Jarrett, S. B. (2019). The relationship between burnout and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 21(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355719856026
Zhao, J., Thurman, Q., ve He, N. (1999). Sources of job satisfaction among police officers: A test of demographic and work environment models. Justice Quarterly, 16(1), 153-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829900094091
Zhao, J., Thurman, Q., ve He, N. (1999). Sources of job satisfaction among police officers: A test of demographic and work environment models. Justice Quarterly, 16(1), 153-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829900094091

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

-

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Esra Çetinöz ^*
0000-0002-0924-5261
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Haziran 2021

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Mayıs 2021

Kabul Tarihi

23 Haziran 2021

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çetinöz, E. (2021). Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(1), 106-127. https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG

AMA

1.Çetinöz E. Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi. GÇD. 2021;23(1):106-127. https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG

Chicago

Çetinöz, Esra. 2021. “Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi”. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi 23 (1): 106-27. https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG.

EndNote

Çetinöz E (01 Haziran 2021) Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi 23 1 106–127.

IEEE

[1]E. Çetinöz, “Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi”, GÇD, c. 23, sy 1, ss. 106–127, Haz. 2021, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG

ISNAD

Çetinöz, Esra. “Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi”. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi 23/1 (01 Haziran 2021): 106-127. https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG.

JAMA

1.Çetinöz E. Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi. GÇD. 2021;23:106–127.

MLA

Çetinöz, Esra. “Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi”. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 23, sy 1, Haziran 2021, ss. 106-27, https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG.

Vancouver

1.Esra Çetinöz. Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi. GÇD [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2021;23(1):106-27. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA57EX43CG

Police Psycholoy

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bir Uzmanlık Alanı Olarak Polis Psikolojisi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

IZ

Kaynak Göster