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UNIVERSITIES AND ‘RADICALISATION’ IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 49 - 66, 01.04.2017

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine a little about the business of what we call – rather unsatisfactorily – radicalisation, on university campuses. I shall focus on mainly about the Middle East and North Africa, though I hope my remarks have wider relevance. I want to reflect a little on what it is about university education that encourages and discourages radicalisation. It is true that the mere fact of bringing young people together in large numbers, at a moment in their lives when they are idealistic and impressionable, has its own dangers, but if this can sometimes lead to extremist influence and even recruitment, it is in large part a matter of university discipline. There are more important themes, in my view, in the actual business of university teaching – and it is this that I would like to see more widely understood. In this study, I will try to explain that university youth struggling with radicalisation in some perspectives. To do so, the study consists of observations about radicalism in universities and universities youth

Kaynakça

  • “Les enfants gâtés des nouveaux états” - Ali El Kenz, Les Ingnieurs et le pouvoir, Tiers-Mondle, 1995, vol 36, no 143, Addressing the Going Global conference, London 2nd June 2015
  • Arab Human Development Report, Building a Knowledge Society, New York: UNDP, 2003
  • BURKE, Jason. Islamic militant groups’ recruits likely to be well-educated, study finds, the Guardian, 5th October 2016
  • Charis Boutieri, Learning in Morocco, Indiana University Press, 2016
  • Claude Berrebi, “Evidence about the link between education, poverty and terrorism among Palestinians”, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, vol 13, issue 1, 2007
  • David Furceri, “Unemployment and Labour Market Issues in Algeria”, IMF Working Paper WP/12/99, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/ longres.aspx?sk=25861.0
  • Diego Gambetta and Steffan Hertog (2016). Engineers of Jihad, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016
  • Diego Gambetta and Steffen Hertog. Engineers of Jihad, Sociology Working Papers 2007-10, Department of Sociology, Oxford University
  • Driss Guerraoui, Le chômage des jeunes et l’expérience de recrutement dans la function publique, L’Observateur du Maroc, no 135, 1-7 November 2013
  • “Education is Key to Tackling Radicalization”, 2 June 2015, British Council, https://www.britishcouncil.org/education/ihe/news/education-key- tackling-radicalisation
  • Egyptian Central Authority for Organisation and Administration, 2009
  • GÖLE, Nilüfer (1997) “Secularism and Islamism in Turkey: The Making of Elites and Counter-Elites”, Middle East Journal 51, no 1.
  • Graduate Labor Market Statistics (April 2016). Department for Business Innovation & Skills. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/518654/bis-16-232-graduate-labour-market- statistics-2015.pdf
  • Hazem Kandil, Inside the Brotherhood, Cambridge, 2015.
  • Jamie Bartlett, Jonathan Birdwell and Michael King, The Edge of Violence: A Radical Approach to Extremism, Demos, 2010
  • Mubaraz Ahmed, Milo Comerford and Emman el-Badawy (2016). “Milestones to Militancy, Centre for Religion and Geopolitics, http://www. religionandgeopolitics.org/jihad/milestones-militancy
  • Mohamed Alaa Abdel Moneim, A Political Economy of Arab Education, London 2016
  • Neil Ketchley and Michael Biggs, “The Social Context of Islamist Activism: Elite Students and Religious Education in Egypt”, Sociology Working Paper 2015-04, Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, http://users. ox.ac.uk/~sfos0060/Islamiststudents.pdf
  • RILEY, Donna (2008), Engineering and Social Justice, Morgan and Claypool.
  • ROSE, Martin (November 2015). “Immunising the Mind: How can Education Reform Contribute to Neutralizing Violent Extremism?”, British Council. https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/immunising_the_ mind_working_paper.pdf
  • SAGEMAN, Marc (2004). Understanding Terror Networks, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Sarah Brockhoff, Tim Krieger and Daniel Meierriecks, “Great Expectations and Hard Times: The (Nontrivial) Impact of Education on Domestic Terrorism”, CESifo Working Paper no. 3817, Munich, May 2012
  • Schwartz, Stephen (2008). “Scientific Training and Radical Islam”, Middle Eastern Quarterly.
  • SCHLAFFER, Edit & KRUPIUNIGG, Ulrich (November, 2011). “Saudi Youth: Unveiling the Force for Change”. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Available at, http://www.women-without-borders.org/files/ downloads/111104_Gulf_Analysis_Saudi_Youth.pdf
  • Suhailah Hussein, “Critical Pedagogy, Islamisation of Knowledge and Muslim Education”, Intellectual Discourse, 2007, vol. 15, no. 1
  • “The World is Going to University” (2015). The Economist, http://www. economist.com/news/leaders/21647285-more-and-more-money-being- spent-higher-education-too-little-known-about-whether-it
  • Times Higher Education (2013). “Participation Rates: Now we are 50”. https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/features/participation-rates-now-we- are-50/2005873.article
  • UNDP, Egypt Human Development Report 2010, New York: UNDP, 2010
  • Wagdy Sawahel (June 2015). “Some 1,300 Tunisian students are jihadist fighters”, University World News no 370, http://www.universityworldnews.com/ article.php?story=20150604105131208
  • World Bank MENA Region, Economic and Social Inclusion to Prevent Violent Extremism, October 2016
  • World Bank, Breaking Even or Breaking Through, Washington DC: World Bank, 2013
  • World Bank, The Road Not Traveled, Education Reform in the Middle East and North Africa, Washington 2008a, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ INTMENA/Resources/EDU_Flagship_Full_ENG.pdf
  • MASLEN, Geoff (2012). “Worldwide student numbers forecast to double by 2025”, University World News, http://www.universityworldnews.com/ article.php?story=20120216105739999
  • SARDAR, Ziauddin (2003). Islam, Postmodernism and Other Futures: A Ziauddin Sardar Reader, London.

Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da Üniversiteler ve Radikalleşme

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 49 - 66, 01.04.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite kampüslerinde radikalleşme olarak adlandırılan konu hakkında inceleme yapmaktır. Yapılan açıklamaların daha geniş alanda alakalı olmasını umut etmekle beraber, genel olarak Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika’ ya odaklanılacaktır. Radikalleşmeye teşvik eden ve tam tersi etki yaratan üniversite eğitimi hakkında bilgi vermek istemekteyim. Üniversite çağındaki genç insanlar hassas ve kolay etkilenebilir zamanda olduklarından onları üniversite ortamı olan kalabalıkla bir araya getirdiğimizde, bu onların kendi tehlikeleri olmaktadır. Ancak, bu durum bazen radikalleşmeden etkilenme ve aşırıcılığa katılma olsa da, bu daha çok üniversite disiplinin bir sorunudur. Benim anlaşılmasını istediğim üniversite öğreniminin daha fazla önemli konuları olduğudur. Bu çalışmada üniversite gençliğinin radikalizm ile mücadelesini bazı bakış açılarından açıklamaya çalışacağım. Bunu gerçekleştirmek içinde, üniversitedeki ve üniversite gençliğindeki radikalizmle ilgili bazı gözlemleri çalışmada açıklayacağım

Kaynakça

  • “Les enfants gâtés des nouveaux états” - Ali El Kenz, Les Ingnieurs et le pouvoir, Tiers-Mondle, 1995, vol 36, no 143, Addressing the Going Global conference, London 2nd June 2015
  • Arab Human Development Report, Building a Knowledge Society, New York: UNDP, 2003
  • BURKE, Jason. Islamic militant groups’ recruits likely to be well-educated, study finds, the Guardian, 5th October 2016
  • Charis Boutieri, Learning in Morocco, Indiana University Press, 2016
  • Claude Berrebi, “Evidence about the link between education, poverty and terrorism among Palestinians”, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, vol 13, issue 1, 2007
  • David Furceri, “Unemployment and Labour Market Issues in Algeria”, IMF Working Paper WP/12/99, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/ longres.aspx?sk=25861.0
  • Diego Gambetta and Steffan Hertog (2016). Engineers of Jihad, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016
  • Diego Gambetta and Steffen Hertog. Engineers of Jihad, Sociology Working Papers 2007-10, Department of Sociology, Oxford University
  • Driss Guerraoui, Le chômage des jeunes et l’expérience de recrutement dans la function publique, L’Observateur du Maroc, no 135, 1-7 November 2013
  • “Education is Key to Tackling Radicalization”, 2 June 2015, British Council, https://www.britishcouncil.org/education/ihe/news/education-key- tackling-radicalisation
  • Egyptian Central Authority for Organisation and Administration, 2009
  • GÖLE, Nilüfer (1997) “Secularism and Islamism in Turkey: The Making of Elites and Counter-Elites”, Middle East Journal 51, no 1.
  • Graduate Labor Market Statistics (April 2016). Department for Business Innovation & Skills. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/518654/bis-16-232-graduate-labour-market- statistics-2015.pdf
  • Hazem Kandil, Inside the Brotherhood, Cambridge, 2015.
  • Jamie Bartlett, Jonathan Birdwell and Michael King, The Edge of Violence: A Radical Approach to Extremism, Demos, 2010
  • Mubaraz Ahmed, Milo Comerford and Emman el-Badawy (2016). “Milestones to Militancy, Centre for Religion and Geopolitics, http://www. religionandgeopolitics.org/jihad/milestones-militancy
  • Mohamed Alaa Abdel Moneim, A Political Economy of Arab Education, London 2016
  • Neil Ketchley and Michael Biggs, “The Social Context of Islamist Activism: Elite Students and Religious Education in Egypt”, Sociology Working Paper 2015-04, Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, http://users. ox.ac.uk/~sfos0060/Islamiststudents.pdf
  • RILEY, Donna (2008), Engineering and Social Justice, Morgan and Claypool.
  • ROSE, Martin (November 2015). “Immunising the Mind: How can Education Reform Contribute to Neutralizing Violent Extremism?”, British Council. https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/immunising_the_ mind_working_paper.pdf
  • SAGEMAN, Marc (2004). Understanding Terror Networks, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Sarah Brockhoff, Tim Krieger and Daniel Meierriecks, “Great Expectations and Hard Times: The (Nontrivial) Impact of Education on Domestic Terrorism”, CESifo Working Paper no. 3817, Munich, May 2012
  • Schwartz, Stephen (2008). “Scientific Training and Radical Islam”, Middle Eastern Quarterly.
  • SCHLAFFER, Edit & KRUPIUNIGG, Ulrich (November, 2011). “Saudi Youth: Unveiling the Force for Change”. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Available at, http://www.women-without-borders.org/files/ downloads/111104_Gulf_Analysis_Saudi_Youth.pdf
  • Suhailah Hussein, “Critical Pedagogy, Islamisation of Knowledge and Muslim Education”, Intellectual Discourse, 2007, vol. 15, no. 1
  • “The World is Going to University” (2015). The Economist, http://www. economist.com/news/leaders/21647285-more-and-more-money-being- spent-higher-education-too-little-known-about-whether-it
  • Times Higher Education (2013). “Participation Rates: Now we are 50”. https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/features/participation-rates-now-we- are-50/2005873.article
  • UNDP, Egypt Human Development Report 2010, New York: UNDP, 2010
  • Wagdy Sawahel (June 2015). “Some 1,300 Tunisian students are jihadist fighters”, University World News no 370, http://www.universityworldnews.com/ article.php?story=20150604105131208
  • World Bank MENA Region, Economic and Social Inclusion to Prevent Violent Extremism, October 2016
  • World Bank, Breaking Even or Breaking Through, Washington DC: World Bank, 2013
  • World Bank, The Road Not Traveled, Education Reform in the Middle East and North Africa, Washington 2008a, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ INTMENA/Resources/EDU_Flagship_Full_ENG.pdf
  • MASLEN, Geoff (2012). “Worldwide student numbers forecast to double by 2025”, University World News, http://www.universityworldnews.com/ article.php?story=20120216105739999
  • SARDAR, Ziauddin (2003). Islam, Postmodernism and Other Futures: A Ziauddin Sardar Reader, London.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Martin Rose Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Rose, M. (2017). Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da Üniversiteler ve Radikalleşme. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 19(2), 49-66.