Uluslararası Hukukta Güvenlik Söylemleri: Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri İle Kesişen Düzlemler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 4 - 25, 28.06.2021

Gözde Turan

Öz

Uluslararası hukuk alanındaki teorik yaklaşım farklılıkları, Uluslararası İlişkiler teorilerindeki tartışmalarla ortak bir izdüşüme sahiptir. Söz konusu izdüşüme ışık tutması açısından, çalışma, sadece dönemsel değil öne çıkan teorik perspektifler için de geçerli olan paralelliği, güvenlik söylemleri örneğinde ele alacaktır. Henüz modern anlamda uluslararası ilişkilerden bahsedilemeyecek olan Doğa Hukuku doktrininin etkin olduğu ilk dönemde, güvenlik algısı devletin ülkesi ile sınırlı görülmemiş, tehditin konusu da egemenlik ile ilişkilendirilmemiştir. Geleneksel Uluslararası İlişkiler teorilerinin etkin olduğu ulus-devlet sisteminde uluslararası hukuktaki teorik tartışmalar pozitivist/realist hukuk ve karşıtları arasında gelişmiştir. Son dönem, her iki disiplinde de meta-teorik tartışmaların ön plana çıktığı, güvenliğin tanımı ve içeriğinin ötesinde bizzat güvenlikleştirmenin sorunsallaştırıldığı dönem olmuştur. Uluslararası hukukun Uluslararası İlişkiler teorileri ile ilişkisinin güvenlik söylemi üzerinden incelenmesi, sadece dönemler arasındaki fay hatlarını değil, kesişme noktalarını da açığa çıkaracaktır. Bu ilişki, sadece uluslararası hukuk teorilerinin değil aynı zamanda Uluslararası İlişkiler teorilerinin de içinde geliştiği ve etkin olduğu çevre ile olan bağlarını güvenlik bağlamında ortaya koyması açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

uluslararası hukuk, güvenlik, Uluslararası İlişkiler teorileri, eleştirel hukuk çalışmaları

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