The Role of Intelligence in America's Grand Strategy

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 140 - 155, 31.12.2024

Andaç Karabulut

https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1570270

Öz

The importance of intelligence in the American Revolutionary War is undeniable. However, although George Washington, the commander of the Continental Army and the first president of the United States, was an influential figure in American intelligence during this war, the conditions of the time did not allow for the institutionalization of intelligence practices. Indeed, after World War I, the United States abandoned its isolationist foreign policy. This shift not only influenced the liberal policies adopted by Woodrow Wilson but also led to significant changes in American state policies and intelligence strategies. During the Cold War, the perception of communism as a threat to liberal policies and the global economic order led the United States to adopt a more rational and pragmatic approach to dealing with this threat. As a result, the United States not only developed a more disciplined approach to intelligence operations but also institutionalized them. The indirect victory of the United States in the Cold War and the dominant role of the US dollar in the global economic system significantly contributed to the strengthening of American hegemony and the implementation of the American Grand Strategy. This study seeks to answer the question: What role does intelligence play in the American Grand Strategy?

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grand Strategy, Intelligence, International Relations, Liberalism, Hegemony

Amerika'nın Büyük Stratejisinde İstihbaratın Rolü

Öz

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Bağımsızlık Savaşı’ndaki istihbaratın önemi tartışmasızdır. Ancak, bu savaşta Kıta Ordusu’nun komutanı ve ABD’nin ilk başkanı olan George Washington, Amerikan istihbaratında önemli bir figür olmasına rağmen, dönemin koşulları istihbarat uygulamalarının kurumsallaşmasına olanak tanımamıştır. I. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, izolasyonist dış politikasını terk etmiştir. Bu dönüşüm, yalnızca Woodrow Wilson’un benimsemiş olduğu liberal politikaları etkilemekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda Amerikan devlet politikalarında ve istihbarat stratejilerinde de önemli değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Soğuk Savaş dönemi, komünizmin liberal politikalara ve küresel ekonomik düzene tehdit olarak görülmesiyle ABD’nin, bu tehditle başa çıkabilmek için daha rasyonel ve pragmatik bir yaklaşımı benimsemesini sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, istihbarat faaliyetlerinde daha disiplinli bir yaklaşım geliştirmekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda bu alanda kurumsallaşmaya gitmiştir. ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş’taki dolaylı zaferi ve Amerikan dolarının küresel ekonomik sistemdeki belirleyici rolü, Amerikan hegemonyasının güçlenmesine ve Amerikan Büyük Stratejisi’nin hayata geçirilmesine önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, şu soruya yanıt aranacaktır: İstihbarat, Amerikan Büyük Stratejisi’nde nasıl bir rol oynamaktadır?

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyük Strateji, İstihbarat, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Liberalizm, Hegemonya

Kaynakça

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