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Gündelik Hayattan Örgütlere: Suçluluk ve Utanç Duyguları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 386 - 417, 01.08.2025

Öz

Bu derleme makale, günlük yaşamda en yaygın görülen duygulardan olan utanç ve suçluluk üzerine çeşitli disiplinlerde yapılmış araştırmaları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Utanç, psikolojik araştırmaların merkezinden başlayıp sosyolojik bir olgu olarak yeniden kavramsallaştırılmış ve daha sonra farklı alanlarda araştırılmış bir duygu olarak ele alınırken; suçluluk ise genellikle utanç ile karıştırılan, ancak önemli kavramsal farklılıklara sahip ve daha az incelenmiş bir kavram olarak ele alınmaktadır. Utanç ve suçluluğun yaygın duygular olmasına rağmen, bu duyguların örgütsel davranış alanında sistematik olarak araştırılması nispeten yenidir ve bu konuda sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu eksiklik; utanç ve suçluluk kavramlarının tanımlanması ve ayrıştırılmasındaki güçlükler, duyguların kültüre bağlı yorumlanması ve duyguların örgütsel çalışmalarda ihmal edilmesi gibi nedenlere bağlanmaktadır. Diğer duygular gibi, utanç ve suçluluk da insan deneyiminin ayrılmaz ve kaçınılmaz parçalarıdır. Bu nedenle, çalışma çok disiplinli bir yaklaşımla utanç ve suçluluğun kavramsal evrimlerini ve birbirinden ayrımlarını hem klasik hem güncel teorik perspektiflerden izlemektedir. Özellikle bu duyguların örgütsel bağlamda nasıl ortaya çıktığı, sınırlı sayıda mevcut ampirik kanıttan yararlanılarak nedenleri ve sonuçları incelenmektedir. Bulgular, utanç ve suçluluğun ayrımının genellikle zor olmasına rağmen, özellikle örgütsel utanç kavramı çerçevesinde utanç duygusunun örgütsel davranış alanyazınında giderek artan bir ilgi gördüğünü göstermektedir. Utanç ve suçluluk hem kişisel hem de örgütsel yaşamda yaygın olduğundan, bu duyguların örgütlerdeki işleyişinin kültürel çerçeveler ve kültürlerarası farklılıklar dikkate alınarak daha derinlemesine araştırılması önerilmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, araştırma sürecinde herhangi bir canlıdan herhangi bir yolla veri elde edilmediğinden dolayı etik kurul iznine gerekli olmayan makaleler kategorisinde yer almaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Allison, M. (1999). Shame, guilt, and the belief in the legitimacy of aggression in aggressive adolescent girls. http://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/8978/Allison_Marilyn_PhD_1999.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Bagozzi, R. P. Verbeke, W. & Gavino, J. C. Jr. (2003). Culture moderates the self-regulation of shame and its effects on performance: The case of salespersons in the Netherlands and the Philippines. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.219
  • Baumeister, R. F. Stillwell, A. M. & Heatherton, T. F. (1994). Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Psychol Bull, 115(2), 243–67.
  • Bedford, O. & Hwang, K. (2003). Guilt and shame in Chinese culture: A cross-cultural framework from the perspective of morality ve identity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 33(2), 127-143.
  • Benetti-McQuoid, J. & Bursik, K. (2005). Individual differences in experiences of end responses to guilt and shame: examining the lenses of gender and gender role. Sex Roles, 53(1/2), 133-142.
  • Bradshaw, R. H. (1998). Consciousness in nonhuman animals: Adopting the precautionary principle. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 5(1), 108-14.
  • Budak, S (2003). Psikoloji sözlüğü, (syf, 450-880). Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Bynum, W. E. & Goodie, J. L. (2014). Shame, guilt, and the medical learner: ignored connections and why we should care. Medical Education, 48, 1045–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12521
  • Chi, S. C. S. Friedman, R. A. & Lo, H. H. (2015). Vicarious shame and psychological distancing following organizational misbehavior. Motivation and Emotion, (39), 795-812.
  • Covington, M. V. & Omelich, C. L. (1981). As failures mount: Affective and cognitive consequences of ability demotion in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 796-808.
  • Creed, D. W. E. Hudson, B. A. Okhuysen, G. A. & Smith-Crowe, K. (2014). Swimming in a sea of shame: Incorporating emotion into explanations of institutional reproduction and change. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2012.0074
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2000). İçimizdeki çocuk. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Çelebi, F. (2020). Örgütsel utanç: Ölçek uyarlaması ve çalışanlar üzerinde bir araştırma. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), 51-60.
  • Daniels, M. A. & Robinson, S. L. (2019). The shame of it all: A review of shame in organizational life. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2448-2473.
  • Dost, A. ve Yağmurlu, B. (2006). Suçluluk ile utanç duygularının kavramsallaştırılmasına ilişkin sorunlar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9(17), 37-52.
  • Einstein, D. & Lanning, K. (1998). Shame, guilt, ego development and the five factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 66(4), 555-582.
  • Erikson, E. (2014). İnsanın sekiz evresi. (Çeviri: G. Akkaya). Okyanus Us Yayınları.
  • Ferguson, T. J. (2005). Mapping shame and its functions in relationships. Child Maltreatment, 10, 377-386.
  • Ferguson, T. J., Edmondson, R. S., & Gerity, D. S. (2000). Pain with a purpose: Anticipatory shame and guilt in daily dilemmas. The annual meeting of the Society for Experimental Social Psychology. Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Freud, A. (2011). Ben ve savunma mekanizmaları. (Çev: Yeşim Erim). Metis Yayınları.
  • Gilbert, P. 2003. Evolution, social roles, and the differences in shame and guilt. Social Research, 70(4), 1205-1230.
  • Gilligan, J. (2003). Shame, guilt, and violence. Social Research, 70, 1149-1180.
  • Gökalp Özcan, B. (2015). Travmaya uğramış çocukların suçluluk-utanç duyguları ve bağlanma tarzlarının incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.). Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870), Oxford University Press.
  • Harris, N. (2003). Reassessing the dimensionality of the moral emotions. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 457–473.
  • Hermans, P. (1999). The expression of guilt by Moroccan adolescents: Ethnocentric interpretations by Wester teachers and social workers. International Journal of Educational Research, 31(4), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00008-7
  • Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, (94), 319-340. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZdeK6TK6pAoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&ots=gKE8s8e3Cg&sig=yWg65auCw-BuPwSDuKcMmLAJsZY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Kaufman, G. (1996). The psychology of shame: Theory and treatment of shame-based syndromes. Springer.
  • Karataş, Z. (2008). Lise öğrencilerinin suçluluk ve utanç puanlarının disiplin cezası alıp almama ve cinsiyetleri açısından incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 103-114.
  • Kart, E. (2011). Bir duygu yönetimi süreci olarak duygusal emeğin çalışanlar üzerindeki etkisi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3(30), 215-230.
  • Kartopu, S. Aktaş, H. & Hacıkeleşoğlu, H. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin dindarlık eğilimlerine göre suçluluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu. 13-15 Ekim Elâzığ, 1765-1786.
  • Keltner, D. & Buswell, B. N. (1996). Evidence for the distinctness of embarrassment, shame, and guilt: A study of recalled antecedents and facial expressions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 10, 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999396380312
  • Kılınçer, M. S. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin utanç ve suçluluk duygularına yatkınlıkları ile sosyal anksiyete arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kitayama, S. Markus, H. R. & Matsumoto, H. (1995). Culture, self and emotion: A cultural perspective on “self-conscious” emotions. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fisher (Eds.). Self-conscious emotions: The Psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassement and pride (ss. 439-464). Guilford Press.
  • Kochanska, G. Gross, J. N. Lin, M. & Nichols, K. E. (2002). Guilt in young children: Development, determinants, and relations with a broader system of standards. Child Development, 73(2), 461-482.
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  • Tangney, J. P. Wagner, P. Fletcher, C. ve Gramzov, R. (1992). Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(4), 669-675.
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  • Wallbott, H. G. & Scherer, K. R. (1995). Cultural determinants in experiencing shame and guilt. J. P. Tangney ve K.W. Fischer, (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride içinde (p. 465-487). The Guilford Press.
  • Yenişar, M. (2019). Yetişkinlerde utanç ve suçluluk ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, KKTC.
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From Daily Life to Organizations: Emotions of Guilt and Shame

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 386 - 417, 01.08.2025

Öz

This review article critically examines research from various disciplines concerning two of the most pervasive emotions in everyday life: shame and guilt. It seeks to construct a theoretical framework for understanding shame—an emotion that originated within psychological inquiry, was later reconceptualized as a sociological phenomenon, and has subsequently been explored across multiple domains—as well as guilt, a construct often conflated with shame yet distinguished by important conceptual differences and studied less extensively. Despite the prevalence of shame and guilt as emotional experiences, their systematic investigation within the field of organizational behavior remains relatively recent, and the body of research addressing these emotions is notably limited. This deficiency is attributed to difficulties in defining and distinguishing the concepts of shame and guilt, the culturally contingent interpretation of emotions, and the neglect of emotions in organizational studies. Like other emotions, shame and guilt are inherent aspects of human experience and cannot be entirely avoided. Accordingly, this study engages in a multidisciplinary analysis of shame and guilt, tracing their conceptual evolutions and distinctions through both classical and contemporary theoretical perspectives. Particular attention is paid to how these emotions manifest within organizational contexts, drawing upon the limited empirical evidence available to illuminate their antecedents and consequences. The findings suggest that, although shame and guilt are often difficult to disentangle, shame has recently garnered increasing scholarly attention within organizational behavior literature, particularly under the construct of organizational shame. Because shame and guilt are prevalent in both personal and organizational settings, further research should explore how these emotions operate within organizations, with particular attention to cultural frameworks and cross-cultural variation.

Etik Beyan

This article falls under the category of articles that do not require ethical committee approval, as no data was obtained from any living being by any means during the research process.

Kaynakça

  • Allison, M. (1999). Shame, guilt, and the belief in the legitimacy of aggression in aggressive adolescent girls. http://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/8978/Allison_Marilyn_PhD_1999.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Bagozzi, R. P. Verbeke, W. & Gavino, J. C. Jr. (2003). Culture moderates the self-regulation of shame and its effects on performance: The case of salespersons in the Netherlands and the Philippines. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.219
  • Baumeister, R. F. Stillwell, A. M. & Heatherton, T. F. (1994). Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Psychol Bull, 115(2), 243–67.
  • Bedford, O. & Hwang, K. (2003). Guilt and shame in Chinese culture: A cross-cultural framework from the perspective of morality ve identity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 33(2), 127-143.
  • Benetti-McQuoid, J. & Bursik, K. (2005). Individual differences in experiences of end responses to guilt and shame: examining the lenses of gender and gender role. Sex Roles, 53(1/2), 133-142.
  • Bradshaw, R. H. (1998). Consciousness in nonhuman animals: Adopting the precautionary principle. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 5(1), 108-14.
  • Budak, S (2003). Psikoloji sözlüğü, (syf, 450-880). Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Bynum, W. E. & Goodie, J. L. (2014). Shame, guilt, and the medical learner: ignored connections and why we should care. Medical Education, 48, 1045–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12521
  • Chi, S. C. S. Friedman, R. A. & Lo, H. H. (2015). Vicarious shame and psychological distancing following organizational misbehavior. Motivation and Emotion, (39), 795-812.
  • Covington, M. V. & Omelich, C. L. (1981). As failures mount: Affective and cognitive consequences of ability demotion in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 796-808.
  • Creed, D. W. E. Hudson, B. A. Okhuysen, G. A. & Smith-Crowe, K. (2014). Swimming in a sea of shame: Incorporating emotion into explanations of institutional reproduction and change. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2012.0074
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2000). İçimizdeki çocuk. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Çelebi, F. (2020). Örgütsel utanç: Ölçek uyarlaması ve çalışanlar üzerinde bir araştırma. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), 51-60.
  • Daniels, M. A. & Robinson, S. L. (2019). The shame of it all: A review of shame in organizational life. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2448-2473.
  • Dost, A. ve Yağmurlu, B. (2006). Suçluluk ile utanç duygularının kavramsallaştırılmasına ilişkin sorunlar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9(17), 37-52.
  • Einstein, D. & Lanning, K. (1998). Shame, guilt, ego development and the five factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 66(4), 555-582.
  • Erikson, E. (2014). İnsanın sekiz evresi. (Çeviri: G. Akkaya). Okyanus Us Yayınları.
  • Ferguson, T. J. (2005). Mapping shame and its functions in relationships. Child Maltreatment, 10, 377-386.
  • Ferguson, T. J., Edmondson, R. S., & Gerity, D. S. (2000). Pain with a purpose: Anticipatory shame and guilt in daily dilemmas. The annual meeting of the Society for Experimental Social Psychology. Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Freud, A. (2011). Ben ve savunma mekanizmaları. (Çev: Yeşim Erim). Metis Yayınları.
  • Gilbert, P. 2003. Evolution, social roles, and the differences in shame and guilt. Social Research, 70(4), 1205-1230.
  • Gilligan, J. (2003). Shame, guilt, and violence. Social Research, 70, 1149-1180.
  • Gökalp Özcan, B. (2015). Travmaya uğramış çocukların suçluluk-utanç duyguları ve bağlanma tarzlarının incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.). Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870), Oxford University Press.
  • Harris, N. (2003). Reassessing the dimensionality of the moral emotions. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 457–473.
  • Hermans, P. (1999). The expression of guilt by Moroccan adolescents: Ethnocentric interpretations by Wester teachers and social workers. International Journal of Educational Research, 31(4), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(99)00008-7
  • Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, (94), 319-340. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZdeK6TK6pAoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&ots=gKE8s8e3Cg&sig=yWg65auCw-BuPwSDuKcMmLAJsZY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Kaufman, G. (1996). The psychology of shame: Theory and treatment of shame-based syndromes. Springer.
  • Karataş, Z. (2008). Lise öğrencilerinin suçluluk ve utanç puanlarının disiplin cezası alıp almama ve cinsiyetleri açısından incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 103-114.
  • Kart, E. (2011). Bir duygu yönetimi süreci olarak duygusal emeğin çalışanlar üzerindeki etkisi. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3(30), 215-230.
  • Kartopu, S. Aktaş, H. & Hacıkeleşoğlu, H. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin dindarlık eğilimlerine göre suçluluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu. 13-15 Ekim Elâzığ, 1765-1786.
  • Keltner, D. & Buswell, B. N. (1996). Evidence for the distinctness of embarrassment, shame, and guilt: A study of recalled antecedents and facial expressions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 10, 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999396380312
  • Kılınçer, M. S. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin utanç ve suçluluk duygularına yatkınlıkları ile sosyal anksiyete arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kitayama, S. Markus, H. R. & Matsumoto, H. (1995). Culture, self and emotion: A cultural perspective on “self-conscious” emotions. In J. P. Tangney & K. W. Fisher (Eds.). Self-conscious emotions: The Psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassement and pride (ss. 439-464). Guilford Press.
  • Kochanska, G. Gross, J. N. Lin, M. & Nichols, K. E. (2002). Guilt in young children: Development, determinants, and relations with a broader system of standards. Child Development, 73(2), 461-482.
  • Kugler, K. & Jones, W. H. (1992). On conceptualizing and assessing shame and guilt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 318-327.
  • Leitch, R. (1999). Title: The shaming game: The role of shame and shaming rituals in education and development. Unknown Publisher. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED433483.pdf
  • Lewis, H. B. 1971. Shame and guilt in neurosis. International Universities Press.
  • Lutwak, N. Panish, J. B. Ferrari, J. R. & Razzino, B. E. (2001). Shame and guilt and their relationship to positive expectations and anger expressiveness. Adolescence, 36(144), 641-653.
  • Marcus-Newhall, A. Pedersen, W. C. Carlson, M. & Miller, N. (2000). Displaced aggression is alive and well: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 670-689.
  • Menesini, E. & Camodeca, M. (2008). Shame and guilt as behaviour regulators: Relationships with bullying, victimization and prosocial behaviour. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26(2), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151007X205281
  • Mesquita, B. & Karasawa, M. (2004). Self-conscious emotions as dynamic cultural processes. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 161–166.
  • Miceli, M. ve Castelfranchi, C. (2018). Reconsidering the differences between shame and guilt. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 14(3), 710–733, https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i3.1564
  • Monroe, A. (2008) Shame solutions: How shame ımpacts school-aged children and what teachers can do to help. The Educational Forum, 73(1), 58-66, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720802539614
  • Morrison, A. P. (1998). The culture of shame. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=uDn_7LwRzMAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=morrison,+1998+shame&ots=-6gJX6nEVv&sig=AsFe416QVN5EER46JzIVfdRk7Ao&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=morrison%2C%201998%20shame&f=false
  • Nathanson, D. L. (2000). The name of the game is shame. Report to the Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, December, Washington, D.C. https://www.tomkins.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/thenameofthegameisshame.pdf
  • Olthof, T. (2012) Anticipated feelings of guilt and shame as predictors of early adolescents' antisocial and prosocial interpersonal behaviour. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(3), 371-388, https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.680300
  • Örs-Gevrekçi, A. & Çırakoğlu, O. C. (2017). Suçluluk ve utanç duyguları üzerı̇ne kavramsal, nöropsı̇kolojı̇k ve psı̇kopatolojı̇k bı̇r derleme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 89-105.
  • Parisette-Sparks, A. Bufferd, S. J. & Klein, D. N. (2015). Parental pedictors of children’s shame and guilt at age 6 in a multimethod, longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescence Psychology, 46(5), 721–731.
  • Pattison, S. (2000). Shame theory, therapy, theology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612411
  • Sabini, J. & Silver, M. (1998). Emotion, character, and responsibility. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195121674.001.0001
  • Saylık, F. Z. & Gezici-Yalçın, M. (2018). Investigation of the effects of authoritarian vs. democratic parental attitudes, and parental attachment on shame and guilt by quasi-experimental method. Studies in Psychology, 38(2), 95-127. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP404167
  • Scheff, T. J. (2003). Shame in self and society. Symbolic interaction, 26(2), 239-262.
  • Schenk, R. U. & Everingham, J. (Eds.). (1995). Men healing shame: An anthology. Springer Publishing Co.
  • Sheikh, S. & Janoff-Bulman, R. (2010). The “shoulds” and “should nots” of moral emotions: A self-regulatory perspective on shame and guilt. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209356788
  • Sığrı, Ü. Tabak, A. & Sağır, A. (2010). Çalışanlarda suçluluk ve utanç duygusunun cinsiyet yaş durumuna göre mukayesesi ve örgütlerde utanç yönetiminin kullanılması. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 71-85.
  • Söylemez, S. Koyuncu, M. & Amado, S. (2018). Utanç ve suçluluk duygularının bilişsel psikoloji kapsamında değerlendirilmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 38(2), 259-288. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0021
  • Şahin, Z. (2007). Çocuk yetiştirme tarzları ve benlik düzenleme farklılıklarının kendilik-bilinci duygusal eğilimleriyle ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Muğla Üniversitesi, Muğla.
  • Tangney, J. P. (1991). Moral affect: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 598-607.
  • Tangney, J. P. (1996). Conceptual and methodological issues in the assessment of shame and guilt. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 741-754
  • Tangney, J. P. Miller, R. S. Flicker, L. ve Barlow, D. H. (1996). Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1256-1269.
  • Tangney, J. P. Wagner, P. Fletcher, C. ve Gramzov, R. (1992). Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(4), 669-675.
  • Tangney, J. P. & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
  • Tangney, J. P. & Stuewig, J. (2004). A moral emotional perspective on evil persons and evil deeds. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The social psychology of good and evil (p. 327-355). Guilford Press.
  • Tangney, J. P. Stuewig, J. & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
  • Tracy, J. L. & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1339-1351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206290212
  • Van Vliet, K. J. (2008). Shame and resilience in adulthood: A grounded theory study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.233
  • Wallbott, H. G. & Scherer, K. R. (1995). Cultural determinants in experiencing shame and guilt. J. P. Tangney ve K.W. Fischer, (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride içinde (p. 465-487). The Guilford Press.
  • Yenişar, M. (2019). Yetişkinlerde utanç ve suçluluk ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, KKTC.
  • Zahn-Waxler, C. Kochanska, G. Krupnick, J. & McKnew, D. (1990). Patterns of guilt in children of depressed and well mothers. Developmental Psychology, 30(1), 51-59.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Eğitimi (Ekonomi, İşletme ve Yönetim Hariç)
Bölüm Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık
Yazarlar

Sevgi Yıldız 0000-0003-1116-7896

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, S. (2025). Gündelik Hayattan Örgütlere: Suçluluk ve Utanç Duyguları. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 386-417.