Research Article

A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels

Volume: 31 October 7, 2026
EN

A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels

Abstract

The astragalomancy practices, which are widely encountered in the geography of southern Asia Minor during the Roman Imperial Period (120-210 AD), particularly across the complex of Pisidia, Pamphylia, Southern Phrygia, Kabalia, and Lycia, are based on a divination tradition aimed at receiving divine messages through combinations of numerical values assigned to the different faces of a knucklebone (astragalus). The texts in question were compiled and subjected to a comprehensive analysis by J. Nollé in 2007. This article examines a new astragalos oracle monument with inscriptions on four sides, which was unearthed in 2024 within a chapel building on the 3rd Terrace of the Kibyra Agora. Focusing on Nollé’s corpus and recent finds, this study evaluates the aforementioned divination tradition specifically in the context of Kibyra from epigraphic, philological, and theological perspectives. Furthermore, the article analyses the praescriptum at the top of the inscription and discusses that the monument was erected along with a statue of Hermes and surrounding architectural elements by a benefactor who covered the expenses through his/her own means. In the final section of the study, a comparative apparatus criticus of the Kibyran copy with epigraphic copies from other cities is presented; grammatical errors stemming from stonemasons, corrupted lines, and metrical irregularities are identified, and the aspects of the Kibyran copy that diverge from the original text reconstructed by Nollé are analysed in detail.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study was conducted within the framework of the project supported by the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism through “Heritage to the Future Project”.

References

  1. Arundell, F. V. J. 1834. Discoveries in Asia Minor (2 Vols).
  2. Barth, H. 1850. “Auf Reisen durch die Küstenlandschaften des Mittelmeeres gesammelte Inschriften.” RhM 7: 246-270.
  3. Cousin, G. 1884. “Inscription d’Ormellé de Phrygie.” BCH 8: 496-508.
  4. Duval, N. 2015. “Probability in the Ancient Greek World. New Considerations from Astragalomantic Inscriptions in South Anatolia.” ZPE 195: 127-141.
  5. Eitrem, S. 1912. “Hermes (1).” In: RE VIII/1, 738-792.
  6. Graf, F. 2005. “Rolling the Dice for an Answer.” In: S. I. Johnston – P. T. Struck (eds.), Mantikê: Studies in Ancient Divination, 51-97.
  7. Iversen, P. A. 2015. “Inscriptions from Northwest Pisidia.” EA 48: 1-85.
  8. Kaya, Ö. – Göktürk, R. S. – Kileci, Ş. 2022. “Phaselis Hadrianus Kapısı’ndaki Smilax(?) Betimi.” Phaselis 8: 197-205.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Latin and Classical Greek Languages, Greek and Roman Period Archeology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 7, 2026

Submission Date

July 24, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31

APA
Kileci, Ş., Tüner Önen, N., & Özüdoğru, Ş. (2026). A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels. Gephyra, 31, 257-294. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.2002699
AMA
1.Kileci Ş, Tüner Önen N, Özüdoğru Ş. A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels. GEPHYRA. 2026;31:257-294. doi:10.37095/gephyra.2002699
Chicago
Kileci, Şenkal, Nihal Tüner Önen, and Şükrü Özüdoğru. 2026. “A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study With Southern Asia Minor Parallels”. Gephyra 31 (October): 257-94. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.2002699.
EndNote
Kileci Ş, Tüner Önen N, Özüdoğru Ş (October 1, 2026) A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels. Gephyra 31 257–294.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Kileci, N. Tüner Önen, and Ş. Özüdoğru, “A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels”, GEPHYRA, vol. 31, pp. 257–294, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.2002699.
ISNAD
Kileci, Şenkal - Tüner Önen, Nihal - Özüdoğru, Şükrü. “A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study With Southern Asia Minor Parallels”. Gephyra 31 (October 1, 2026): 257-294. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.2002699.
JAMA
1.Kileci Ş, Tüner Önen N, Özüdoğru Ş. A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels. GEPHYRA. 2026;31:257–294.
MLA
Kileci, Şenkal, et al. “A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study With Southern Asia Minor Parallels”. Gephyra, vol. 31, Oct. 2026, pp. 257-94, doi:10.37095/gephyra.2002699.
Vancouver
1.Şenkal Kileci, Nihal Tüner Önen, Şükrü Özüdoğru. A New Astragalos Oracle Text from Kibyra: A Comparative Study with Southern Asia Minor Parallels. GEPHYRA. 2026 Oct. 1;31:257-94. doi:10.37095/gephyra.2002699