Bursa Arkeoloji Müzesi’nden Bir Orta Bizans Damgası

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19, 231 - 243, 15.05.2020

Zeynep Sencan Altınoluk

https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.710992

Öz

Bu makale Bursa Arkeoloji Müzesi koleksiyonunda yer
alan Orta Bizans Dönemi’ne ait bir metal damganın Bizans baskı tipolojisi
içindeki yeri ve sahibinin kimliğini belirlemeye çalışmaktadır. Bu makalede ele
aldığımız damga, yazıtın sahibinin adını, taşıdığı görev ve ünvanları
belirttiği nadir örneklerden biridir. Yaklaşık 9.-10. yüzyıllara tarihlenen
damganın sahibi, imparatorluk protospatharios’u ve epi ton oikeiakon olan Iohannes’tir. Protospatharios ünvanından,
Iohannes’in merkezi yönetimin bir üyesi ve varlıklı bir aristokrat olduğu
anlaşılmaktadır. Iohannes ile birlikte görülen epi ton oikeiakon, onun diğer
görevlilerden daha ayrıcalıklı bir birey ve saray halkından olabileceğini
gösteren bir ünvan olabilir. Diğer yandan, 10. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren oikeiakon sekreton’luğu altında idari bir görevin varlığını da biliyoruz. Bunun
ışığında, şu soruya sahibiz: Iohannes damgasını kişisel işleri için mi kullandı
veya imparatorluk mülklerinin yönetimindeki idari pozisyonuna uygun olarak mı
kullandı? Her iki durumda da, damgasının kil gibi yumuşak bir obje üzerine
basıldığını ve bunun bir tuğla damgası olabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bursa, Bithynia, Bizans metal damga, protospatharios, epi ton oikeiakon

A Mid-Byzantine Metal Stamp from Bursa Archaeological Museum

Öz

This article tries to determine the place and identity of the owner of a metal stamp located in the Bursa Archaeological Museum collection in the Byzantine stamping objects typology. The stamp that we consider in this article is one of the rare examples, in which the inscription specifies the name of the owner as well as the offices and titles he held. The owner of the stamp, dated to approximately 9th –10th centuries, is Iohannes, the imperial protospatharios and epi ton oikeiakon. It is understood from the title protospatharios that Iohannes was a member of the central government and a wealthy aristocrat. The title epi ton oikeiakon, appearing together with Iohannes, may be a title that shows that he is a more privileged individual than other officials and that he may be from the imperial court. On the other hand, we also know of an administrative task under the sekreton of oikeiakon since the last quarter of the 10th century. In light of this, we have the following question: did Iohannes use his stamp for his personal affairs or did he use it in accordance with his responsibilities, which were part of his administrative position of management of imperial properties? In either case, we think that his stamp was stamped on a soft object such as clay and that it may be a brick stamp.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bursa, Bithynia, Byzantine metal stamp, protospatharios, epi ton oikeiakon

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