Araştırma Makalesi
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Thebasa ve Orta Toroslar’ın Bizans-Arap Sınırı. Confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae'daki Gözlemler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21, 135 - 160, 15.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.880929

Öz

Bu makale, Karaman ilindeki Pınarkaya’da (Divaz) bulunan Lykaonia kenti Thebasa için yeni bir konum önermekte ve önceki teşhislere ilişkin eleştirel bir analiz sunmaktadır. Makalede kentin kentsel/dini bir merkezden stratejik askeri bir üsse dönüşümüne işaret eden daha kap-samlı tarihi coğrafi bağlamında Thebasa’nın önemi yeniden değerlendirilmektedir. Birkaç yayın¬lanmamış ören yeri aracılığıyla makale Orta Toros Bölgesi’nin yerleşim ve iletişim ağlarına yeni bir bakış sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, 8. yüzyıldan 9. yüzyıla geçiş döneminde Bizans-Arap ilişki¬lerinin dinamiklerine dair yeni yorumlar da getirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • W. F. Ainsworth, A commentary on the Anabasis of Xenophon, in: The Anabasis, or Expedition of Cyrus, and the Memorabilia of Socrates. Literally translated from the Greek of Xenophon by the Rev. J. S. Watson, London 1875.
  • H. Bahar, Konya-Karaman Yüzey Araştırmaları 2006, AST 25/1, 2007, 235-254.
  • K. Belke, mit Beiträgen von M. Restle, Galatien und Lykaonien, Wien 1984.
  • M. Bonner, Aristocratic Violence and Holy War. Studies on the Jihad and the Arab-Byzantine Frontier, New Haven 1996.
  • M. Canard, La prise d’Héraclée et les relations entre Hārūn ar-Rashīd et l’empereur Nicéphore 1er, Byzantion 32, 1962, 345-79.
  • J. A. Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor with a Map, Vol. 2, Oxford 1832.
  • J. Darrouzès, Notitiae Episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, Paris 1981.
  • E. J. Davis, Life in Asiatic Turkey, London 1879.
  • J. Haldon – H. Kennedy, The Arab-Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries: Military Organization and Society in the Borderlands, Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta XIX, 1980, 79-116.
  • W. J. Hamilton, Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus and Armenia; with some account of their antiquities and geology, Vol. 2, London 1842.
  • H. Hellenkemper – F. Hild, Neue Forschungen in Kilikien, Wien 1986.
  • F. Hild – H. Hellenkemper, Kilikien und Isaurien, Wien 1990.
  • D. G. Hogarth – J. A. R. Munro, Modern and Ancient Roads in Eastern Asia Minor, London 1893.
  • A. H. Jones, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford 1971.
  • İ. H. Konyalı, Abideleri ve Kitâbeleri ile Konya Ereğli’si Tarihi, Istanbul 1970.
  • G. Laminger-Pascher, Die kaiserzeitlichen Inschriften Lykaoniens Faszikel 1: Der Süden, Wien 1992.
  • R. J. Lilie, Die Byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des Byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jahrhundert, München 1976.
  • R. J. Lilie, Byzanz unter Eirene und Konstantin VI (780-802), Frankfurt am Main 1996.
  • S. Mitchell, A History of a Later Roman Empire, ed. 2, Malden MA 2015.
  • A. D. Mordtman, Bogazköi und Üyük. Dritter Beitrag zur vergleichenden Erdkunde von Kleinasien, in: Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, B. 1, 1861, 169-198.
  • C. Mutafian, La Cilicie au carrefour des empires, T. 1-2, Paris 1988.
  • G. Perrot – E. Guillaume, Exploration Archéologique de la Galatie et de la Bithynie, Vol. 1, Paris 1872.
  • W. M. Ramsay – G. L. Bell, The Thousand and One Churches, London 1909.
  • W. M. Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, London 1890.
  • W. M. Ramsay, Lycaonia, JÖAI 7, 1904, 57-132.
  • C. Ritter, Vergleichende Erdkunde der Halbinsellandes Klein-Asien, B. 2, Berlin 1859.
  • H. Rott, Kleinasiatische Denkmäler aus Pisidien, Pamphylien, Kappadokien und Lykien, Leipzig 1908.
  • W. Ruge, Thebasa in: RE B. V, A, 2, Stuttgart 1934, 1594.
  • M. A. Shaban, Islamic History. A New Interpretation, Vol. 2, AD 750-1055 (AH 132-448), Cambridge 1976.
  • H. Şahin – A. Özdizbay, Dağlık Kilikia Yerleşim Tarihi ve Epigrafya Araştırmaları 2014-2015, AST 34/2, 2016, 505-550.
  • H. Şahin, CIL XVII, 5, 3: Neue Meilensteine und Straßen aus der Cilicia Aspera, in: A. Kolb (ed.), Roman Roads: New Evidence – New Perspectives, Berlin-Boston 2019, 166-190.
  • C. Texier, Description de l’Asie Mineure: faite par ordre du gouvernement français en 1833–1837, Vol. 2, Paris 1849.
  • W. Treadgold, The Byzantine Revival, 780-842, Stanford 1988.
  • W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford 1997.

Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21, 135 - 160, 15.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.880929

Öz

This paper proposes a new location of the Lycaonian city of Thebasa at Pınarkaya (Divaz) in the province (il) of Karaman and provides a critical analysis of its previous identifications. It revaluates the importance of Thebasa in a broader, geo-historical context pointing out its transformation from a commercial hub to a strategic military base. Through several unpublished sites, the paper presents a fresh look at the settlement and communication networks of the Middle Taurus Region. It also develops new interpretations of the dynamics of Byzantine-Arab relations at the turn of the eighth and ninth centuries.

Kaynakça

  • W. F. Ainsworth, A commentary on the Anabasis of Xenophon, in: The Anabasis, or Expedition of Cyrus, and the Memorabilia of Socrates. Literally translated from the Greek of Xenophon by the Rev. J. S. Watson, London 1875.
  • H. Bahar, Konya-Karaman Yüzey Araştırmaları 2006, AST 25/1, 2007, 235-254.
  • K. Belke, mit Beiträgen von M. Restle, Galatien und Lykaonien, Wien 1984.
  • M. Bonner, Aristocratic Violence and Holy War. Studies on the Jihad and the Arab-Byzantine Frontier, New Haven 1996.
  • M. Canard, La prise d’Héraclée et les relations entre Hārūn ar-Rashīd et l’empereur Nicéphore 1er, Byzantion 32, 1962, 345-79.
  • J. A. Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor with a Map, Vol. 2, Oxford 1832.
  • J. Darrouzès, Notitiae Episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, Paris 1981.
  • E. J. Davis, Life in Asiatic Turkey, London 1879.
  • J. Haldon – H. Kennedy, The Arab-Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries: Military Organization and Society in the Borderlands, Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta XIX, 1980, 79-116.
  • W. J. Hamilton, Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus and Armenia; with some account of their antiquities and geology, Vol. 2, London 1842.
  • H. Hellenkemper – F. Hild, Neue Forschungen in Kilikien, Wien 1986.
  • F. Hild – H. Hellenkemper, Kilikien und Isaurien, Wien 1990.
  • D. G. Hogarth – J. A. R. Munro, Modern and Ancient Roads in Eastern Asia Minor, London 1893.
  • A. H. Jones, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford 1971.
  • İ. H. Konyalı, Abideleri ve Kitâbeleri ile Konya Ereğli’si Tarihi, Istanbul 1970.
  • G. Laminger-Pascher, Die kaiserzeitlichen Inschriften Lykaoniens Faszikel 1: Der Süden, Wien 1992.
  • R. J. Lilie, Die Byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des Byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jahrhundert, München 1976.
  • R. J. Lilie, Byzanz unter Eirene und Konstantin VI (780-802), Frankfurt am Main 1996.
  • S. Mitchell, A History of a Later Roman Empire, ed. 2, Malden MA 2015.
  • A. D. Mordtman, Bogazköi und Üyük. Dritter Beitrag zur vergleichenden Erdkunde von Kleinasien, in: Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, B. 1, 1861, 169-198.
  • C. Mutafian, La Cilicie au carrefour des empires, T. 1-2, Paris 1988.
  • G. Perrot – E. Guillaume, Exploration Archéologique de la Galatie et de la Bithynie, Vol. 1, Paris 1872.
  • W. M. Ramsay – G. L. Bell, The Thousand and One Churches, London 1909.
  • W. M. Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, London 1890.
  • W. M. Ramsay, Lycaonia, JÖAI 7, 1904, 57-132.
  • C. Ritter, Vergleichende Erdkunde der Halbinsellandes Klein-Asien, B. 2, Berlin 1859.
  • H. Rott, Kleinasiatische Denkmäler aus Pisidien, Pamphylien, Kappadokien und Lykien, Leipzig 1908.
  • W. Ruge, Thebasa in: RE B. V, A, 2, Stuttgart 1934, 1594.
  • M. A. Shaban, Islamic History. A New Interpretation, Vol. 2, AD 750-1055 (AH 132-448), Cambridge 1976.
  • H. Şahin – A. Özdizbay, Dağlık Kilikia Yerleşim Tarihi ve Epigrafya Araştırmaları 2014-2015, AST 34/2, 2016, 505-550.
  • H. Şahin, CIL XVII, 5, 3: Neue Meilensteine und Straßen aus der Cilicia Aspera, in: A. Kolb (ed.), Roman Roads: New Evidence – New Perspectives, Berlin-Boston 2019, 166-190.
  • C. Texier, Description de l’Asie Mineure: faite par ordre du gouvernement français en 1833–1837, Vol. 2, Paris 1849.
  • W. Treadgold, The Byzantine Revival, 780-842, Stanford 1988.
  • W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford 1997.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Robert Rokicki 0000-0002-2443-7296

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 21

Kaynak Göster

APA Rokicki, R. (2021). Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae. Gephyra, 21, 135-160. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.880929
AMA Rokicki R. Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae. GEPHYRA. Mayıs 2021;21:135-160. doi:10.37095/gephyra.880929
Chicago Rokicki, Robert. “Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in Confinio Lycaoniae Atque Ciliciae”. Gephyra 21, Mayıs (Mayıs 2021): 135-60. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.880929.
EndNote Rokicki R (01 Mayıs 2021) Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae. Gephyra 21 135–160.
IEEE R. Rokicki, “Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae”, GEPHYRA, c. 21, ss. 135–160, 2021, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.880929.
ISNAD Rokicki, Robert. “Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in Confinio Lycaoniae Atque Ciliciae”. Gephyra 21 (Mayıs 2021), 135-160. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.880929.
JAMA Rokicki R. Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae. GEPHYRA. 2021;21:135–160.
MLA Rokicki, Robert. “Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in Confinio Lycaoniae Atque Ciliciae”. Gephyra, c. 21, 2021, ss. 135-60, doi:10.37095/gephyra.880929.
Vancouver Rokicki R. Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae. GEPHYRA. 2021;21:135-60.