Düzenli Yüzme Egzersizlerinin Ortaokul Öğrencileri Üzerindeki Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklere ve Algı Düzeyine Etkileri

Öz

Araştırmada, ortaokul düzeyindeki öğrencilerin düzenli yüzme antrenmanlarına katılımının, fiziksel performans parametreleri ile algısal gelişim düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada, Şanlıurfa’daki 12-13 yaş aralığındaki ortaokul öğrencileri üzerinde 12 hafta süresince düzenli yüzme egzersizlerinin etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Deney grubunu, lisanslı yüzücülerden oluşan 30 öğrenci; kontrol grubunu ise herhangi bir düzenli spor yapmayan 30 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları, deney grubunun boy uzunluğu, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), esneklik, dikey sıçrama ve algı düzeyi parametrelerinde anlamlı gelişmeler gösterdiğini ortaya koyarken, kontrol grubunda bu parametrelerde belirgin değişiklikler görülmemiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, düzenli yüzme egzersizlerinin özellikle gelişim çağındaki çocukların bedensel ve zihinsel gelişiminde olumlu etkiler yarattığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüzme
• Fiziksel Gelişim
• Algı Düzeyi
• Ortaokul Öğrencileri
• Egzersiz

The Effects of Regular Swimming Exercises on Certain Physical Characteristics and Perceptual Level of Middle School Students

Öz

The study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of regular swimming training on the physical performance parameters and perceptual development levels of middle school students. The research was conducted over a period of 12 weeks with students aged 12–13 in Şanlıurfa. The experimental group consisted of 30 licensed swimmers, while the control group comprised 30 students who did not engage in any regular physical activity. The findings revealed that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in parameters such as height, body mass index (BMI), flexibility, vertical jump, and perceptual level. In contrast, no notable changes were observed in these parameters within the control group. The results of the study indicate that regular swimming exercises have a positive impact on both the physical and cognitive development of children, particularly during the growth period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüzme
• Fiziksel Gelişim
• Algı Düzeyi
• Ortaokul Öğrencileri
• Egzersiz
• Keywords: Swimming
• Physical Development
• Perceptual Level
• Middle School Students
• Exercise

Kaynakça

1. American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
2. Arıkan, G., & İnce, U. (2023). Yüzme becerileri öz değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türk dili ve kültürüne uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 644-656
3. Baumgartner, T. A., Jackson, A. S., Mahar, M. T., & Rowe, D. A. (2015). Measurement for evaluation in kinesiology (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
4. Behm, D. G., Faigenbaum, A. D., Falk, B., & Klentrou, P. (2008). Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position paper: Resistance training in children and adolescents. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33(3), 547–561. https://doi.org/10.1139/H08-020
5. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
6. DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). SAGE.
7. Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016). Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005
8. Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2010). Resistance training among young athletes: Safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.068098 Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). SAGE.

9. Fransen, J., D’Hondt, E., Bourgois, J., Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R. M., & Lenoir, M. (2012). Motor competence assessment in children: Convergent and discriminant validity between the BOT-2 Short Form and KTK scales. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(5), 1375–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.02.009
10. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
11. Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
12. Lätt, E., Jürimäe, J., Haljaste, K., Cicchella, A., Purge, P., & Jürimäe, T. (2009). Physical development and swimming performance during biological maturation in young female swimmers. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(1), 117–122.
13. Lubans, D. R., Richards, J., Hillman, C. H., Faulkner, G., Beauchamp, M. R., Nilsson, M., … Biddle, S. J. H. (2016). Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: A systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics, 138(3), e20161642. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1642
14. Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2013). Growth, maturation, and physical activity (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.
15. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE.
16. Rowland, T. W. (2005). Children’s exercise physiology (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.
17. Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., … Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence-based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of Pediatrics, 146(6), 732–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055
18. Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K., & Silverman, S. J. (2015). Research methods in physical activity (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
19. World Health Organization. (2008). BMI classification. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
20. Zach, S., Zeev, A., Arnon, M., & Galili, T. (2012). Physical activity, resilience, emotions, moods, and weight control among students and sport athletes. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 40(5), 815–826. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.5.815