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Anne-Çocuk İletişiminin Küçük Çocukların Bağımsız Öğrenme Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 23 - 38, 31.12.2023

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı anne-çocuk iletişiminin küçük çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışarı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Nicel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışma ilişkisel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Sinopta okul öncesi eğitimi devam eden 5-6 yaş arası normal gelişim gösteren çocuklar ve anneleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Anne-Baba -Çocuk İletişimi Değerlendirme Aracı (ABÇİDA) ve Bağımsız Öğrenme Davranışları Ölçeği (BÖD 3-5) kullanılmıştır. ABÇİDA anneler tarafından doldururken BÖD 3-5 öğretmenler tarafından dolduruşmuş ve toplanan veriler SPSS 21.0 istatistik paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışları ile anne-çocuk iletişiminin alt boyutu olan sözsüz iletişim arasında olumlu yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışları ile anne-çocuk iletişiminin diğer alt boyutu olan mesaj arasında olumlu yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Öte yandan çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışları ile anne-çocuk iletişiminin diğer alt boyutları arasında (konuşma, dinleme, empati) arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bulgular anne-çocuk iletişminin mesaj ve sözsüz iletişim alt boyutunun çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışlarını anlamlı şekilde yordadığını gösterirken diğer alt boyutlar çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışlarının istatiksel olarak anlamlı yordayıcıları değildir. Çocukların bağımsız öğrenme davranışlarındaki değişimin %12’si sözsüz iletişim altboyutu tarafından açıklanırken, %3’ü mesaj altboyutu tarafından açıklanmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Etik değerlendirmeyi yapan kurul adı: Sinop Üniversitesi İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu Etik kurul kararının tarihi: 27.12.2021 Etik kurul belgesinin sayı numarası: 2021/160

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1919B012105195

Kaynakça

  • Arabacı, N. (2011). Anne-baba-çocuk iletişimini değerlendirme aracı’nın (ABÇİDA) geliştirilmesi ve anne-baba- çocuk iletişiminin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Arabacı, N., ve Ömeroğlu, E. (2016). Anne-baba-çocuk İletişimi Değerlendirme Aracı’nın (ABÇİDA) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(7), 1-21.
  • Badovinac, S. D., Pillai Riddell, R., Deneault, A. A., Martin, J., Bureau, J. F., and O’Neill, M. C. (2021). Associations between early childhood parent–child attachment and internalizing/externalizing symptoms: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Marriage & Family Review, 57(7), 573-620.
  • Banham, V., Hanson, J., Higgins, A., and Jarrett, M. (2000). Parent-child communication and ıts perceived effects on the young child's developing self-concept. (ED458631)ERIC https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED458631.pdf
  • Berger, A. (2011). Human brain development series.Self-regulation: Brain, cognition, and development. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12327-000
  • Bronson, M. (2000). Self-regulation in early childhood: Nature and nurture. Guilford Press.
  • Brumariu L. E. (2015). Parent-child attachment and emotion regulation. New Directions For Child And Adolescent Development, 2015(148), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20098
  • Butler, D. L., Schnellert, L., and Perry, N. E. (2017). Developing self-regulating learners. New Jersey: Pearson Canada Incorporated.
  • Calkins, S., and Fox, N. (2002). Self-regulatory processes in early personality development: A multilevel approach to the study of childhood social withdrawal and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 14(3), 477-498. doi:10.1017/S095457940200305X
  • Caputi, M., Lecce, S., and Pagnin, A. (2017). The role of mother–child and teacher–child relationship on academic achievement. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1173538
  • Cassidy J. (1994). Emotion regulation: influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 228–249.
  • Clark, K. E., and Ladd, G. W. (2000). Connectedness and autonomy support in parent–child relationships: Links to children’s socioemotional orientation and peer relationships. Developmental Psychology, 36, 485–498.
  • Dörr, L., and Perels, F. (2020) Improving young children’s self-regulated learning using a combination of direct and indirect interventions, Early Child Development and Care, 190(16), 2581-2593. doi: 10.1080/03004430.2019.1595608
  • Dumas, J. E., and LaFreniere, P. J. (1993). Mother–child relationships as sources of support or stress: A comparison of competent, average, aggressive, and anxious dyads. Child Development, 64, 1732–1754.
  • Ferreira, T., Cadima, J., Matias, M., Vieira, J. M., Leal, T., and Matos, P. M. (2016). Preschool children’s prosocial behavior: the role of mother–child, father–child and teacher–child relationships. Journal of Child Family Studies 25, 1829–1839.
  • Garner, P. (2006). Prediction of prosocial and emotional competence from maternal behavior in African American preschoolers. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(2), 179–198. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.179.
  • Gregory, A., and Rimm-Kaufman, S. (2008). Positive mother–child interactions in kindergarten: Predictors of school success in high school. School Psychology Review, 37(4), 499-515.
  • Hastings, P., Utendale, W., and Sullivan, C. (2007). The socialization of prosocial development. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and Research (pp. 638–664). New York: Guilford Press
  • Jacob, L., Benick, M., Dörrenbächer, S., and Perels, F. (2020). Promoting self-regulated learning in preschoolers. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 1(2), 116–140. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.20201237
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., Penney, S. J., and Doobay, A. F. (2007). Early positive emotionality as a heterogenous trait: Implications for children's self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1054–1066. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1054
  • Lenes, R., McClelland, M. M., ten Braak, D., Idsøe, T., and Størksen, I. (2020). Direct and indirect pathways from children’s early self-regulation to academic achievement in fifth grade in Norway. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 53, 612–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.07.005
  • Lonigan, C. J., Spiegel, J. A., Goodrich, J. M., Morris, B. M., Osborne, C. M., Lerner, M. D., and Phillips, B. M. (2017). Does preschool self-regulation predict later behavior problems in general or specific problem behaviors?, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(8), 1491–1502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0260-7
  • Marvin, R. S., Britner, P. A., and Russell, B. S. (2016). Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment in childhood. n J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.) Handbook of attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, 3, 273-290. The Guilford Press.
  • McClelland, M. M., and Wanless, S. B. (2012). Growing up with assets and risks: The importance of self-regulation for academic achievement. Research in Human Development, 9(4), 278–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2012.729907
  • Murray, D. W., Rosanbalm, K., Christopoulos, C., and Hamoudi, A. (2015). Self-regulation and toxic stress: Foundations for understanding self-regulation from an applied developmental perspective (OPRE Report 2015-21). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Neitzel, C., and Stright, A. D. (2003). Mothers' scaffolding of children's problem solving: Establishing a foundation of academic self-regulatory competence. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(1), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.1.147
  • Özcan, M. (2022). The Relationship Between Preschool Children's Early Thinking Skills And Independent Learning Behaviors. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 51 (2), 1448-1467.
  • Pauen, S. (2016). Understanding early development of self-regulation and co-regulation: EDOS and PRESCO. Journal of Self-Regulation and Regulation, 2, 3-16.
  • Perry, N. B., Calkins, S. D., Dollar, J. M., Keane, S. P., and Shanahan, L. (2018). Self-regulation as a predictor of patterns of change in externalizing behaviors from infancy to adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 30(2), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000992
  • Pino-Pasternak, D., Whitebread, D., and Tolmie, A. (2010). A multidimensional analysis of parent–child interactions during academic tasks and their relationships with children's self-regulated learning. Cognition and Instruction, 28(3), 219-272.
  • Robson, D. A., Allen, M. S., and Howard, S. J. (2020). Self-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 324–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000227
  • Rosanbalm, K.D., and Murray, D.W. (2017). Promoting Self-Regulation in Early Childhood:A Practice Brief . OPRE Brief #2017-79. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, US. Department of Health and HumanServices.https://fpg.unc.edu/sites/fpg.unc.edu/files/resource-files/PromotingSelf-RegulationIntheFirstFiveYears.pdf
  • Saraç, S., Karakelle, S., and Whitebread, D. (2019). Okul Öncesi Çocuklar için Bağımsız Öğrenme Davranışları Ölçeği 3-5 (BÖD 3-5): Türkçe Formu için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 18 (3): 1093-1106.
  • Skibbe, L. E., Montroy, J. J., Bowles, R. P., and Morrison, F. J. (2019). Self-regulation and the Development of Literacy and Language Achievement from Preschool through Second Grade. Early childhood research quarterly, 46, 240–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.02.005
  • Stright, A. D., Herr, M. Y., and Neitzel, C. (2009). Maternal scaffolding of children's problem solving and children's adjustment in kindergarten: Hmong families in the United States. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(1), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013154
  • Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson.
  • Topçu Bilir, T., ve Sop, A. (2016). Okul öncesi dönemindeki çocukların aile ilişkileri ile çocuklarda görülen davranış problemleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 20-43.
  • Venitz, L., and Perels, F. (2019). Promoting self-regulated learning of preschoolers through indirect intervention: A two-level approach. Early Child Development and Care, 189(13), 2057-2070.
  • von Suchodoletz, A., Trommsdorff, G. and Heikamp, T. (2011). Linking Maternal Warmth and Responsiveness to Children's Self-regulation. Social Development, 20(3), 486-503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2010.00588.x
  • Whitebread, D., Bingham, S., Grau, V., Pino Pasternak, D., and Sangster, C. (2007). Development of metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children: role of collaborative and peer-assisted learning. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 6(3), 433–455.
  • Whitebread, D., Coltman, P., Pasternak, D. P., Sangster, C., Grau, V., Bingham, S., Almeqdad, Q., and Demetriou, D. (2009). The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children. Metacognition and Learning, 4(1), 63–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9033-1
  • Yalçın, H. (2013). Anne-Çocuk iletişimi eğitiminin etkileri. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 28, 179-194.
  • Zapf, H., Boettcher, J., Haukeland, Y., Orm, S., Coslar, S., Wiegand-Grefe, S., and Fjermestad, K. (2023). A systematic review of parent-child communication measures: instruments and their psychometric properties. Clinical Child And Family Psychology Review, 26(1), 121–142.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2008). Investigating self-regulation and motivation: Historical background, methodological developments, and future prospects. American Educational Research Journal, 45(1), 166-183.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., and Schunk, D. H. (Eds.). (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives. Routledge.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 23 - 38, 31.12.2023

Öz

Proje Numarası

1919B012105195

Kaynakça

  • Arabacı, N. (2011). Anne-baba-çocuk iletişimini değerlendirme aracı’nın (ABÇİDA) geliştirilmesi ve anne-baba- çocuk iletişiminin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Arabacı, N., ve Ömeroğlu, E. (2016). Anne-baba-çocuk İletişimi Değerlendirme Aracı’nın (ABÇİDA) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(7), 1-21.
  • Badovinac, S. D., Pillai Riddell, R., Deneault, A. A., Martin, J., Bureau, J. F., and O’Neill, M. C. (2021). Associations between early childhood parent–child attachment and internalizing/externalizing symptoms: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Marriage & Family Review, 57(7), 573-620.
  • Banham, V., Hanson, J., Higgins, A., and Jarrett, M. (2000). Parent-child communication and ıts perceived effects on the young child's developing self-concept. (ED458631)ERIC https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED458631.pdf
  • Berger, A. (2011). Human brain development series.Self-regulation: Brain, cognition, and development. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12327-000
  • Bronson, M. (2000). Self-regulation in early childhood: Nature and nurture. Guilford Press.
  • Brumariu L. E. (2015). Parent-child attachment and emotion regulation. New Directions For Child And Adolescent Development, 2015(148), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20098
  • Butler, D. L., Schnellert, L., and Perry, N. E. (2017). Developing self-regulating learners. New Jersey: Pearson Canada Incorporated.
  • Calkins, S., and Fox, N. (2002). Self-regulatory processes in early personality development: A multilevel approach to the study of childhood social withdrawal and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 14(3), 477-498. doi:10.1017/S095457940200305X
  • Caputi, M., Lecce, S., and Pagnin, A. (2017). The role of mother–child and teacher–child relationship on academic achievement. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1173538
  • Cassidy J. (1994). Emotion regulation: influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 228–249.
  • Clark, K. E., and Ladd, G. W. (2000). Connectedness and autonomy support in parent–child relationships: Links to children’s socioemotional orientation and peer relationships. Developmental Psychology, 36, 485–498.
  • Dörr, L., and Perels, F. (2020) Improving young children’s self-regulated learning using a combination of direct and indirect interventions, Early Child Development and Care, 190(16), 2581-2593. doi: 10.1080/03004430.2019.1595608
  • Dumas, J. E., and LaFreniere, P. J. (1993). Mother–child relationships as sources of support or stress: A comparison of competent, average, aggressive, and anxious dyads. Child Development, 64, 1732–1754.
  • Ferreira, T., Cadima, J., Matias, M., Vieira, J. M., Leal, T., and Matos, P. M. (2016). Preschool children’s prosocial behavior: the role of mother–child, father–child and teacher–child relationships. Journal of Child Family Studies 25, 1829–1839.
  • Garner, P. (2006). Prediction of prosocial and emotional competence from maternal behavior in African American preschoolers. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(2), 179–198. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.179.
  • Gregory, A., and Rimm-Kaufman, S. (2008). Positive mother–child interactions in kindergarten: Predictors of school success in high school. School Psychology Review, 37(4), 499-515.
  • Hastings, P., Utendale, W., and Sullivan, C. (2007). The socialization of prosocial development. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and Research (pp. 638–664). New York: Guilford Press
  • Jacob, L., Benick, M., Dörrenbächer, S., and Perels, F. (2020). Promoting self-regulated learning in preschoolers. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 1(2), 116–140. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.20201237
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., Penney, S. J., and Doobay, A. F. (2007). Early positive emotionality as a heterogenous trait: Implications for children's self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1054–1066. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1054
  • Lenes, R., McClelland, M. M., ten Braak, D., Idsøe, T., and Størksen, I. (2020). Direct and indirect pathways from children’s early self-regulation to academic achievement in fifth grade in Norway. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 53, 612–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.07.005
  • Lonigan, C. J., Spiegel, J. A., Goodrich, J. M., Morris, B. M., Osborne, C. M., Lerner, M. D., and Phillips, B. M. (2017). Does preschool self-regulation predict later behavior problems in general or specific problem behaviors?, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(8), 1491–1502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0260-7
  • Marvin, R. S., Britner, P. A., and Russell, B. S. (2016). Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment in childhood. n J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.) Handbook of attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, 3, 273-290. The Guilford Press.
  • McClelland, M. M., and Wanless, S. B. (2012). Growing up with assets and risks: The importance of self-regulation for academic achievement. Research in Human Development, 9(4), 278–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2012.729907
  • Murray, D. W., Rosanbalm, K., Christopoulos, C., and Hamoudi, A. (2015). Self-regulation and toxic stress: Foundations for understanding self-regulation from an applied developmental perspective (OPRE Report 2015-21). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Neitzel, C., and Stright, A. D. (2003). Mothers' scaffolding of children's problem solving: Establishing a foundation of academic self-regulatory competence. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(1), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.1.147
  • Özcan, M. (2022). The Relationship Between Preschool Children's Early Thinking Skills And Independent Learning Behaviors. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 51 (2), 1448-1467.
  • Pauen, S. (2016). Understanding early development of self-regulation and co-regulation: EDOS and PRESCO. Journal of Self-Regulation and Regulation, 2, 3-16.
  • Perry, N. B., Calkins, S. D., Dollar, J. M., Keane, S. P., and Shanahan, L. (2018). Self-regulation as a predictor of patterns of change in externalizing behaviors from infancy to adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 30(2), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000992
  • Pino-Pasternak, D., Whitebread, D., and Tolmie, A. (2010). A multidimensional analysis of parent–child interactions during academic tasks and their relationships with children's self-regulated learning. Cognition and Instruction, 28(3), 219-272.
  • Robson, D. A., Allen, M. S., and Howard, S. J. (2020). Self-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 324–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000227
  • Rosanbalm, K.D., and Murray, D.W. (2017). Promoting Self-Regulation in Early Childhood:A Practice Brief . OPRE Brief #2017-79. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, US. Department of Health and HumanServices.https://fpg.unc.edu/sites/fpg.unc.edu/files/resource-files/PromotingSelf-RegulationIntheFirstFiveYears.pdf
  • Saraç, S., Karakelle, S., and Whitebread, D. (2019). Okul Öncesi Çocuklar için Bağımsız Öğrenme Davranışları Ölçeği 3-5 (BÖD 3-5): Türkçe Formu için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 18 (3): 1093-1106.
  • Skibbe, L. E., Montroy, J. J., Bowles, R. P., and Morrison, F. J. (2019). Self-regulation and the Development of Literacy and Language Achievement from Preschool through Second Grade. Early childhood research quarterly, 46, 240–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.02.005
  • Stright, A. D., Herr, M. Y., and Neitzel, C. (2009). Maternal scaffolding of children's problem solving and children's adjustment in kindergarten: Hmong families in the United States. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(1), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013154
  • Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson.
  • Topçu Bilir, T., ve Sop, A. (2016). Okul öncesi dönemindeki çocukların aile ilişkileri ile çocuklarda görülen davranış problemleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 20-43.
  • Venitz, L., and Perels, F. (2019). Promoting self-regulated learning of preschoolers through indirect intervention: A two-level approach. Early Child Development and Care, 189(13), 2057-2070.
  • von Suchodoletz, A., Trommsdorff, G. and Heikamp, T. (2011). Linking Maternal Warmth and Responsiveness to Children's Self-regulation. Social Development, 20(3), 486-503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2010.00588.x
  • Whitebread, D., Bingham, S., Grau, V., Pino Pasternak, D., and Sangster, C. (2007). Development of metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children: role of collaborative and peer-assisted learning. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 6(3), 433–455.
  • Whitebread, D., Coltman, P., Pasternak, D. P., Sangster, C., Grau, V., Bingham, S., Almeqdad, Q., and Demetriou, D. (2009). The development of two observational tools for assessing metacognition and self-regulated learning in young children. Metacognition and Learning, 4(1), 63–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9033-1
  • Yalçın, H. (2013). Anne-Çocuk iletişimi eğitiminin etkileri. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 28, 179-194.
  • Zapf, H., Boettcher, J., Haukeland, Y., Orm, S., Coslar, S., Wiegand-Grefe, S., and Fjermestad, K. (2023). A systematic review of parent-child communication measures: instruments and their psychometric properties. Clinical Child And Family Psychology Review, 26(1), 121–142.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2008). Investigating self-regulation and motivation: Historical background, methodological developments, and future prospects. American Educational Research Journal, 45(1), 166-183.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., and Schunk, D. H. (Eds.). (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives. Routledge.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri, Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Naciye Dursun 0000-0002-5064-7449

Betül Sarı 0000-0002-6799-923X

Hülya Gülay Ogelman 0000-0002-4245-0208

Proje Numarası 1919B012105195
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Dursun, N., Sarı, B., & Gülay Ogelman, H. (2023). Anne-Çocuk İletişiminin Küçük Çocukların Bağımsız Öğrenme Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Göbeklitepe Eğitim Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 23-38.