Plastik Biyobozunması: Mikrobiyal Enzimlerin Potansiyeli

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2 , 57 - 78 , 29.07.2025

Sermin Yıldırım

https://izlik.org/JA85EJ46UY

Öz

Plastik bazlı kirlilik, hem çevre hem de insan sağlığı açısından ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Karasal ve sucul ekosistemler üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle, atık plastiklerin bertarafı için sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Geleneksel bertaraf yöntemleri olan yakma ve çöplükte depolama, zararlı yan ürünlerin oluşumuna neden olarak çevreye ek zararlar verebilmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, bazı plastik türlerinin enzimatik aktiviteye sahip mikroorganizmalar tarafından biyolojik olarak parçalanabildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Biyolojik bozunma, plastik atıkların parçalanmasında mikroorganizmalardan izole edilen enzimlerin kullanıldığı etkili bir yöntem olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu enzimler, plastik yüzeylerle etkileşime girerek yüksek moleküler ağırlıklı polimer zincirlerini daha küçük birimlere hidrolize eder. Oluşan ara ürünler mikroorganizmalar tarafından karbon kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir ve nihayetinde karbondioksit ile suya dönüştürülür. Enzimler tarafından gerçekleştirilen oksidasyon veya hidroliz tepkimeleri, polimerlerin hidrofilik özelliklerini artıran fonksiyonel gruplar oluşturarak parçalanmayı kolaylaştırır. Bu sayede bazı plastiklerin bozunması birkaç gün içinde mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bu derlemede, mikrobiyal kaynaklı enzimler ve bu enzimlerin plastik polimerlerin biyobozunurluğunda kullanımı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyal enzimler , plastik kirliliği , biyodegredasyon

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada insan ya da hayvan denek kullanılmamıştır. Etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Plastic Biodegradation: Potential of Microbial Enzymes

https://izlik.org/JA85EJ46UY

Öz

Plastic-based pollution poses a grave threat to environmental and human health. Plastic-based pollution poses a serious threat to both environmental and human health. Due to its adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, developing sustainable and eco-friendly methods for plastic waste management has become essential. Traditional disposal methods such as incineration and landfilling are problematic, as they often generate hazardous byproducts and contribute to further environmental degradation. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain types of plastics can be biologically degraded by microorganisms possessing enzymatic activity. Biodegradation, which utilizes enzymes isolated from microorganisms to break down plastic waste, has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly alternative. These enzymes interact with plastic surfaces and hydrolyze high molecular weight polymer chains into smaller units. The resulting byproducts can then be utilized by microbes as carbon sources and ultimately converted into carbon dioxide and water. Enzymatic oxidation or hydrolysis introduces functional groups that enhance the hydrophilicity of polymers, facilitating the breakdown of high molecular weight plastics into lower molecular weight fragments. This process enables the degradation of some plastics within a matter of days. In this review, microbial-derived enzymes and their applications in the biodegradability of plastic polymers are evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microbial enzymes , plastic pollution , biodegradation

Etik Beyan

This study did not involve human or animal subjects. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

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