Bitkisel Antimikrobiyal Peptitler: Yapı, Fonksiyon ve Uygulama Potansiyeli

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 44 - 50, 25.02.2026

Semih Berkay Tırpan , Sevgi Durna Daştan

https://doi.org/10.65308/gjohbs.2026.005

https://izlik.org/JA58WN66UG

Öz

Amaç: Antimikrobiyal peptitler (AMP'ler), yaşamın tüm alanlarında doğuştan gelen bağışıklığın bir parçasıdır ve patojenlere karşı güçlü içsel savunma sağlarlar. Bitki AMP'leri, düşük moleküler ağırlıkları, sisteinle stabilize edilmiş yapıları ve termokimyasal kararlılıkları nedeniyle dikkat çekicidir. Bununla birlikte, bitki AMP'lerinin karakterizasyonu mevcut literatürde genellikle yetersizdir. Burada, antimikrobiyal direnç endişelerinin üstesinden gelme potansiyellerini tartışmak ve değerlendirmek için birleşik bir yaklaşımla bitki AMP'lerinin özelliklerini sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Bu derlemede hem ulusal hem de uluslararası araştırmalar temel alınarak, özellikle tiyoninler, defensinler vb. gibi ana ailelere odaklanılarak, amino asit dizileri, disülfit köprüsüyle stabilize edilmiş üçüncül yapıları, termokimyasal kararlılıkları, hedef spektrumları ve moleküler mekanizmaları sunularak bitki AMP'lerinin karşılaştırmalı bir tartışması yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Literatür, bitki AMP'lerinin bakteri, mantar, virüs ve parazitlere karşı geniş spektrumlu antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Disülfit köprüleme kararlılıkları, onları çevresel stres koşullarına karşı dirençli hale getirir. Farklı AMP'lerin, membran degradasyonu, hücre içi süreç değişiklikleri ve büyüme inhibisyonu gibi klasik antibiyotiklere kıyasla farklı etki mekanizmaları vardır. Bu nedenle, direnç oluşturulması zor olan yeni antimikrobiyal ajanlar olarak kabul edilirler. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, bitki AMP'lerinin bitki içsel savunmalarındaki merkezi rolünü kapsamlı bir şekilde sunmakta ve bunların tarımsal araştırmalarda biyopestisitler ve transgenik bitki geliştirme alanlarında ve tıbbi araştırmalarda yeni antimikrobiyal ajanlar olarak kullanım olasılığını vurgulamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, klinik ve endüstriyel uygulamalarda güvenli bir şekilde kullanılabilmeleri için toksisite, kararlılık ve üretim verimliliği ile ilgili kesin özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak için daha fazla in vivo çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, insan katılımcılar veya deney hayvanları üzerinde herhangi bir araştırma içermemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında etik kurul izni alınmasını gerektiren bir uygulama bulunmamaktadır. Tüm veriler, daha önce yayımlanmış bilimsel çalışmaların incelenmesine dayalı olarak elde edilmiş olup, bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uygun şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yazar(lar), araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun davrandıklarını beyan eder.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmayı yönlendiren değerli hocama ve katkıda bulunan tüm profesörlere minnettar olduğumu belirtmek isterim. Ayrıca, sarsılmaz maddi ve manevi destekleri için aileme de teşekkür ederim.

Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: Structure, Function, and Application Potential

https://izlik.org/JA58WN66UG

Öz

Purpose: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are parts of innate immunity in all domains of life, and they provide potent intrinsic defense against pathogens. Plant AMPs are noteworthy due to their low molecular weigths, cystein-stabilized structures, and thermochemical stabilities. However, characterization of plant AMPs is generally loose in the current literature. It was aimed here to present properties of plant AMPs with an unified approach to discuss and evaluate their prospective potential for to overcome antimicrobial resistance concerns. 

Methods: Using both national and international research as basis in this review, comperative discussion of plant AMPs with a particular focus on major families like thionines, defensins etc. was carried out by presenting their amino acid sequences, disulphite bridged stabilized tertiary structures, thermochemical stabilities, target spectrums, and molecular mechanisms. 

Results: Literature is presenting that plant AMPs have wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Their disulphite bridged stabilities make them resistant to environmental stress conditions. Different AMPs have different mechanisms of action compared to classical antibiotics such as membrane degregadation, intracellular process alterations, and growth inhibitions. Hence, they are considered as novel antimicrobial agents that are difficult to mount resistance against. 

Conclusion: This study extensively presents the central role of plant AMPs in plant intrinsic defenses, and stresses the possibility of their uses in agricultural research as biopesticides and transgenic plant developments, and in medicinal research as novel antimicrobial agents. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to reveal their precise properties regarding the toxicity, stability, production efficiency to safely use them in clinical and industrial practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antimicrobial peptides , Plant defense , Antimicrobial resistance

Etik Beyan

This study does not involve any research conducted on human participants or experimental animals. Therefore, no ethical committee approval was required for this study. All data were obtained through the review of previously published scientific studies and were conducted in accordance with scientific and ethical principles. The author(s) declare that they have adhered to the principles of research and publication ethics.

Teşekkür

I would like to express my gratitude to my esteemed professor who guided this study and to all the professors who contributed. I would also like to thank my family for their unwavering material and moral support.

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