Araştırma Makalesi

Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining

Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2 27 Temmuz 2026
PDF İndir
EN TR

Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining

Öz

Purpose: Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that accumulate in foods of animal origin and pose potential risks to human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term brining on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and indicator PCBs in Van herby cheese, and to assess the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Methods: A total of eight fresh and eight ripened Van herby cheese samples were collected from retail markets in Van, Türkiye. Sample preparation and analysis were carried out in an accredited laboratory using EPA standard methods. PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and indicator PCBs were determined using atmospheric pressure gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS) with isotope dilution and ¹³C-labeled internal standards. Results: Contaminant levels were expressed as WHO toxic equivalency (WHO-TEQ, pg/g wet weight). PCDD/F levels slightly decreased from 0.092 to 0.086 pg WHO-TEQ/g, while dl-PCB levels decreased from 0.065 to 0.056 pg WHO-TEQ/g following long-term brining. A more pronounced reduction was observed in indicator PCBs, which decreased by approximately 47.5% (from 0.80 to 0.42 pg WHO-TEQ/g). The calculated tolerable daily intake (TDI) and tolerable weekly intake (TWI) values were well below the limits established by the European Food Safety Authority. Conclusion: Long-term brining does not increase dioxin levels in Van herby cheese and may contribute to a reduction in PCB concentrations. These findings indicate that traditional cheese processing does not pose an additional risk in terms of dioxin exposure and may influence the distribution of lipophilic contaminants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Title of the Manuscript: Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining We hereby declare that the present study does not involve human participants, human data, or experimental animals. All samples used in this research consist of commercially available Van herby cheese obtained from retail markets in Van, Türkiye. Therefore, this study does not require ethical approval in accordance with national regulations and institutional guidelines. The study was conducted in compliance with relevant scientific and ethical standards. We confirm that: No human subjects were involved. No animal experiments were performed. No ethical approval was required for this study. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree with this declaration.

Kaynakça

  1. 1.Schecter A, Birnbaum L, Ryan JJ, Constable JD. Dioxins: An overview. Environmental Research. 2006;101(3):419-428.
  2. 2.World Health Organization. Dioxins and their effects on human health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
  3. 3.European Food Safety Authority. Risk for human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food. EFSA Journal. 2018;16(11):5333.
  4. 4.Malisch R, Kotz A. Dioxins and PCBs in feed and food-Review from European perspective. Science of the Total Environment. 2014;491-492:2-10.
  5. 5.Fox PF, Uniacke-Lowe T, McSweeney PLH, O'Mahony JA. Dairy chemistry and biochemistry. 2nd ed. Cham: Springer; 2017.
  6. 6.Hayaloğlu AA, Fox PF, Güven M, Çakmakçı S. Characterization of Turkish cheeses: Van herby cheese. Food Chemistry. 2007;101:108-115.
  7. 7.Hayaloğlu AA. Comparative study of different production methods of Van herby cheese. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2009;44:252-260.
  8. 8.United States Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1613: Tetra through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotopic dilution HRGC/HRMS. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency; 1994.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sucul Toksikoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Temmuz 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

19 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Akman, N., Mercan Yücel, U., Atasoy, N., Babat, M., & Akpolat, F. (2026). Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining. GİBTÜ Sağlık Ve Biyolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.65308/gjohbs.1940175
AMA
1.Akman N, Mercan Yücel U, Atasoy N, Babat M, Akpolat F. Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining. SABİB. 2026;2(2):95-103. doi:10.65308/gjohbs.1940175
Chicago
Akman, Nur, Ufuk Mercan Yücel, Nurhayat Atasoy, Mehmet Babat, ve Fatma Akpolat. 2026. “Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining”. GİBTÜ Sağlık Ve Biyolojik Bilimler Dergisi 2 (2): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.65308/gjohbs.1940175.
EndNote
Akman N, Mercan Yücel U, Atasoy N, Babat M, Akpolat F (01 Temmuz 2026) Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining. GİBTÜ Sağlık Ve Biyolojik Bilimler Dergisi 2 2 95–103.
IEEE
[1]N. Akman, U. Mercan Yücel, N. Atasoy, M. Babat, ve F. Akpolat, “Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining”, SABİB, c. 2, sy 2, ss. 95–103, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.65308/gjohbs.1940175.
ISNAD
Akman, Nur - Mercan Yücel, Ufuk - Atasoy, Nurhayat - Babat, Mehmet - Akpolat, Fatma. “Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining”. GİBTÜ Sağlık Ve Biyolojik Bilimler Dergisi 2/2 (01 Temmuz 2026): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.65308/gjohbs.1940175.
JAMA
1.Akman N, Mercan Yücel U, Atasoy N, Babat M, Akpolat F. Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining. SABİB. 2026;2:95–103.
MLA
Akman, Nur, vd. “Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining”. GİBTÜ Sağlık Ve Biyolojik Bilimler Dergisi, c. 2, sy 2, Temmuz 2026, ss. 95-103, doi:10.65308/gjohbs.1940175.
Vancouver
1.Nur Akman, Ufuk Mercan Yücel, Nurhayat Atasoy, Mehmet Babat, Fatma Akpolat. Time-Dependent Changes in Dioxin Levels in Van Herby Cheese During Brining. SABİB. 01 Temmuz 2026;2(2):95-103. doi:10.65308/gjohbs.1940175