Prevalence of occupational asthma among animal feed factory workers in Konya

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 128 - 138, 06.04.2018

Celalettin Korkmaz Faruk Özer

https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.401228

Öz

Aim: To determine respiratory symptoms and alterations in respiratory functions due to exposure to animal feed dust and to detect the prevalence of occupational asthma in animal feed factory workers.

Materials and Methods: A face to face questionnaire was applied to workers of 15 animal feed factories who have been exposed to animal feed dust and to employees of same factories who have not been exposed to animal feed dust, in Konya. Respiratory functions test were performed to all cases at the workplace by a portable spirometry. Skin prick test was applied to cases with asthma symptoms.

Results: 139 workers and 61 control groups were enrolled to the study. The prevalence of occupational asthma was 19.4% in workers. The frequency of wheezing (25.1%), dyspnea (22.3%) and cough (18.7%) were higher in workers, but the difference was not significant. Although not significant the respiratory functions were lesser in workers compared to the control group. In workers group the frequent atopy symptoms were watery eyes (7.9%), sneezing (6.4%) and nasal discharge (3.5%), but not significantly diffetent than the control group. Wheezing was significantly more frequent in smoker workers than non smokers and respiratory functions were significantly lower in smokers. Skin prick test was positive in 10 (23.8%) of 42 cases who had symptom, but no significant difference was present between cases with asthma and other workers. Respiratory symptoms and respiratory functions were not significantly different between workers who used a simple ventless dust mask and those without masks.

Conclusion: Exposure to animal feed dust has important effects, on developing respiratory symptoms and decreasing respiratory functions as the duration of exposure. This effect is significantly greater in the case of smoking. There was no significant correlation between occupational asthma and atopy. The use of masks which do not have specified features has no satisfactory role in terms of protection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Occupational asthma, animal feed dust, atopy

Konya’da Hayvan Yemi Fabrikası İşçilerinde Mesleksel Astım Prevalansı

Öz

Amaç: Hayvan yemi tozuna maruz kalma nedeniyle
solunum semptomları ve solunum fonksiyonlarında meydana gelen değişiklikleri
belirlemek ve hayvan yemi çalışanlarında mesleki astım prevalansını saptamaktır.

Gereç Ve
Yöntem: Hayvan yemi tozuna maruz
kalan 15 hayvan yemi fabrikası çalışanlarına ve aynı fabrikalarda hayvan yemi
tozuna maruz kalmayan diğer çalışanlara yüz yüze anket uygulandı. Solunum
fonksiyon testi, taşınabilir spirometre ile iş yerindeki tüm bireylere yapıldı.
Astım semptomu olan olgulara cilt prick testi uygulandı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 139 işçi ve 61 kişilik kontrol
grubu katıldı. Mesleksel astım prevalansı işçilerde% 19.4'tü. Hışıltılı solunum
(% 25.1), dispne (% 22.3) ve öksürük (% 18.7) sıklığı işçilerde daha yüksekti,
ancak fark anlamlı değildi. Solunum fonksiyonları işçilerde anlamlı olmamasına
rağmen azalmıştı. Çalışanlarda atopi semptomları olan gözlerde yaşarma (% 7.9),
hapşırma (% 6.4) ve burun akıntısı (% 3.5) kontrol grubuna göre daha sıktı,
ancak anlamlı değildi. Sigara içenlerde hışıltılı solunum sigara içmeyenlerden
belirgin olarak daha sıktı ve solunum fonksiyonları sigara içenlerde anlamlı
derecede düşüktü. Deri prick testi, semptomu olan 42 olgunun 10'unda (% 23.8)
pozitifti ancak astımlı olgular ile diğer çalışanlar arasında anlamlı fark
yoktu. Maske kullanan işçiler ile maske kullanmayan işçiler arasında semptomlar
ve solunum fonksiyonları açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı.

Sonuç: Hayvan yemine maruz kalma, solunum
semptomlarının gelişimi ve solunum fonksiyonlarında azalma üzerinde önemli bir
etkiye sahiptir. Bu etki sigara içilmesi durumunda anlamlı olarak artmaktadır.
Mesleksel astım ile atopi arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmamıştır. Maske
kullanımının koruma açısından tatmin edici bir rolü yoktur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mesleksel astım, hayvan yemi tozu, atopi

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