A Survey on Beekeeping Activities and Colony Losses in Turkey

Öz

The study was planned to investigate colony feeding practices, the selection methods of colonies, the control methods of diseases, yearly losses from 2008 to 2011 in each operation and included both migratory and local colonies in Turkey. The beekeepers (92.6%) used to feed their colony in early spring and autumn with supplemental food. The most of local (37.7%) and migratory (62.4%) beekeepers preferred to feed their colonies with both syrup and supplemental food. The beekeepers generally prefer colonies that are not aggressive and with high honey production (47.6%) and also tendency to high swarming (14.2%), resistant to diseases (5.2%) and other factors such as subspecies and physiological characteristics of queens are causes of preference. The colony losses due to winter in 2008-9; 2009-10; 2010-11 were observed as 14.5%, 18.6%, 12.6%, respectively and also the significant correlation (P<0.01) were found between 2009-2010. Our study reveals regular survey studies play a crucial role to improve both colony management and monitoring of colony losses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Apis mellifera
• beekeeping
• colony losses
• honeybee
• Turkey

Kaynakça

1. Alaux C, Brunet JL, Dussaubat C, Mondet F and Tchamitchan SS (2010). Interactions between Nosema microspores and a neonicotinoid weaken honeybees (Apis mellifera). Environmental Microbiology, 12: 774–782.
2. Aston D (2010). Honey bee winter loss survey for England, 2007-8. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 111-112.
3. Bodur C, Kence M and Kence A (2007). Genetic structure of honeybee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations of Turkey inferred from microsatellite analysis. Journal of Apicultural Research, 46: 50–56.
4. Brodschneider R, Moosbeckerhofer R and Crailsheim K (2010). Surveys as a tool to record winter losses of honey bee colonies: a two year case study in Austria and South Tyrol. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 23-30.
5. Brodschneider R, Moosbeckerhofer R and Crailsheim K (2011). Preliminary Results of Honey Bee Colony Losses in Austria 2010/2011. Mellifera, 11(21): 14-15.
6. CAPA (2011). Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists CAPA Statement on Honey Bees Losses in Canada. (online) http://www.capabees.com/main/files/pdf/canwinloss.pdf (accessed on 28.02.2013)
7. Charrière JD and Neumann P (2010). Surveys to estimate winter losses in Switzerland. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 132- 133.
8. Currie RW, Pernal SF and Guzmán-Novoa E (2010). Honey bee colony losses in Canada. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 104-106.

9. Çakmak I, Aydin L, Seven S and Korkut M (2003). Beekeeping Survey in Southern Marmara Region of Turkey. Uludag Bee Journal, 3(1): 31-36.
10. Dahle B (2010). The role of Varroa destructor for honey bee colony losses in Norway. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1) : 124-125.
11. Ellis, JD, Evans JD and Pettis J (2010). Colony losses, managed colony population decline, and Colony Collapse Disorder in the United States. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 134-136.
12. Gajger IT, Tomljanovic Z and Petrinec Z (2010). Monitoring health status of Croatian honey bee colonies and possible reasons for winter losses. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 107-108.
13. Gallai N, Salles JM, Settele J and Vaıssıère BE (2009). Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline, Ecological Economics, 68: 810–821.
14. Giray T, Kence M, Oskay D, Doke MA and Kence A (2010). Colony losses survey in Turkey and causes of bee deaths. Apidologie, 41(4): 451-453.
15. Gray A, Peterson M and Teale A (2010). An update on recent colony losses in Scotland from a sample survey covering 2006-2008. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 129-131.
16. Hatjina F, Bouga M, Karatasou A, Kontothanasi A, Charistos L, Emmanouil N and Maistros AD (2010). Data on honey bee losses in Greece; a preliminary note. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 116-118.
17. Higes M, Martín-Hernández R, Botías C, Garrido-Bailón E, González-Porto AV, Barrios L, Del Nozal MJ, Bernal JL, Jiménez JJ, Palencia PG and Meana A (2008). How natural infection by Nosema ceranae causes honeybee colony collapse. Environmental Microbiology, 10: 2659–2669.
18. Ivanova EN and Petrov PPR (2010). Regional differences in honey bee winter losses in Bulgaria during the period 2006-9. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 102-103.
19. Ivanova EN and Petrov PPR (2009). Bulgarian honeybee colony losses during 2008/2009. Proceedings of the5th COLOSS Conference Prevention of honeybee COlony LOSSes. Montpellier, France.
20. Kandemir I, Kence M and Kence A (2000). Genetic and morphometric variation in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations of Turkey. Apidologie, 31: 343–356.
21. Mutinelli F, Costa C, Lodesani M, Baggio A, Medrzycki P, Formato G and Porrini C (2010). Honey bee colony losses in Italy. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 119-120.
22. Neumann P and Carreck NL (2010). Honey bee colony losses. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 1-6.
23. Sirali R and Dogaroglu M (2005). Survey Results on Honeybee Pests and Diseases in Thracian Region of Turkey. Uludag Bee Journal, 5: 71-78.
24. Topolska G, Gajda A, Pohorecka K, Bober A, Kasprzak S, Skubida M and Semkiw P (2010). Winter colony losses in Poland. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 126-128.
25. Tunca RI (2009). Determination and comparison of genetic variation in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations of Turkey by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and microsatellite analyses. METU, Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara
26. Van Der Zee R et. all. (2012). Managed honey bee colony losses in Canada, China, Europe, Israel and Turkey, for the winters of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Journal of Apicultural Research, 51(1): 100-114.
27. vanEngelsdorp D and Meixner MD (2010). A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103: 80-95.
28. vanEngelsdorp D, Evans JD, Saegerman C, Mullin C, Haubruge E, Nguyen BK, Frazier M, Frazier J, Cox-Foster D, Chen Y, Underwood R, Tarpy D R and Pettis JS (2009). Colony collapse disorder: a descriptive study. PLoS One 4, e6481.
29. vanEngelsdorp D, Hayes J Jr, Underwood RM and Pettis JS (2010). A survey of honey bee colony losses in the United States, fall 2008 to spring 2009. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 7-14.
30. vanEngelsdorp D, Hayes J Jr, Underwood RM, Caron D and Pettis JS (2011). A survey of managed honey bee colony losses in the USA, fall 2009 to winter 2010. Journal of Apicultural Research, 50(1): 1-10.
31. vanEngelsdorp D, Caron D, Hayes J Jr, Underwood RM, Henson M, Rennich K, Splee A, Andree M, Snyder R, Lee K, Roccasecca K, Wilson M, Wilkes J, Lengerich E and Pettis JS (2012). A national survey of managed honey bee 2010-11 winter colony losses in the USA: results from the Bee Informed Partnership. Journal of Apicultural Research, 51(1): 115–124.
32. Vejsnæs F, Nielsen SL and Kryger P (2010). Factors involved in the recent increase in colony losses in Denmark. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 109-110.
33. Whitaker J, Szalanski AL and Kence M (2010). Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis from Turkish honey bees. Apidologie. 42: 174-180.