Bazı Herbisitlerin (Metribuzin, Pendimethalin ve Fluazifop-p-Butil) Bacillus cereus ve Pseudomonas putida Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Birçok faydası olan yararlı bakteriler tarımda bitki gelişimini destekleyici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tarımsal alanlarda kullanılan herbisitlerin faydalı bakteriler üzerindeki hedef dışı etkilerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, herbisitlerin faydalı bakteriler Bacillus cereus ve Pseudomonas putida ‘nın çoğalmasına olumlu veya olumsuz etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test edilen herbisit aktif maddeleri Fluazifop-p-buthyl, Pendimethalin ve Metribuzin'dir. Aktif maddelerin etkileri in vitro, sera saksı deneyleri ve tarla denemelerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Her herbisit için aktif maddenin üç dozu kullanılmıştır: önerilen doz (N), önerilen dozun iki katı (2N) ve önerilen dozun üç katı (3N). Artan Pendimethalin ve Fluazifop-p-buthyl dozları her iki bakterinin de yoğunluğunu azaltmaktadır. Öte yandan, artan Pendimethalin dozları P. putida'nın yoğunluğunu azaltırken, B. cereus'u etkilememiştir. Serada, B. cereus'un yoğunluğu Fluazifop-p-buthyl ve Metribuzin'in artan dozlarından etkilenmezken, pendimethalin ile artmıştır. Aktif maddelerin dozları arttıkça, serada P. putida bakteri yoğunluğu da artmıştır. Tarla denemelerinde, Pendimethalin ve Metribuzin'in önerilen dozları B. cereus yoğunluğunu engellemezken, Fluazifop-p-buthyl bakteri yoğunluğunu artırmıştır. Fluazifop-p-buthyl ve Metribuzin P. putida yoğunluğunu etkilemezken, Pendimethalin P. putida yoğunluğunu azaltmıştır. Bu çalışmada, sonuçlar herbisit etken maddeleri olan Pendimethalin, Fluazifop-p-buthyl ve Metribuzin'in P. putida ve B. cereus'un yoğunluklarını deneysel koşullara bağlı olarak artırdığını veya azalttığını, ancak topraktaki popülasyonlarını tamamen ortadan kaldırmadığını açıkça göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara ait bazı kantitatif değerlerin de özet kısmında verilmesi uygun olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus cereus
• bakteri yoğunluğu
• Pseudomonas putida
• tavsiye edilen doz
• toprak

Effect of Some Herbicide (Metribuzin, Pendimethalin and Fluazifop-p-Butyl) on Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida

Öz

Beneficial bacteria are used as plant growth promoters in agriculture. The off-target effects of herbicides on beneficial bacteria are needed to be investigated. This study was carried out to determine the positive or negative effects of active compounds of herbicides on the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida. The herbicides used in this study contained active compounds such as Fluazifop-p-buthyl, Pendimethalin and Metribuzin. Effects of the active compounds were evaluated on the bacteria under in vitro, greenhouse and field conditions. Three doses of each active compound were used: the recommended dose (N), twice the recommended dose (2N) and three folds (3N) the recommended dose. It was observed that the increased dose of Pendimethalin, Fluazifop-p-buthyl, Metribuzin had significant effects on B. cereus and P. putida under in vitro conditions. Also, the increased dose of Pendimethalin, Fluazifop-p-buthyl significantly reduced the density of both bacteria. On the other hand, increasing doses of Pendimethalin decreased the density of P. putida, but did not affect that of B. cereus. Under greenhouse conditions, the density of B. cereus was not affected with increased doses of Fluazifop-p-buthyl and Metribuzin while the bacteria concentration were increased with doses of pendimethalin. As the doses of active substances increased, P. putida bacterial density also increased in greenhouse. Under field conditions, the recommended doses of Pendimethalin, Metribuzin did not inhibit B. cereus density, while the dose of Fluazifop-p-buthyl increased the bacterial concentration. Additionally, under similar conditions, Fluazifop-p-buthyl and Metribuzin did not affect P. putida, while Pendimethalin decreased concentration of P putida. In the present study results showed that increased active substances of Pendimethalin, Fluazifop-p-buthyl and Metribuzin are decreasing or increasing the densities of P. putida and B. cereus with dependent on experimental conditions. All these active substances are not eradicating the beneficial bacterial population in soil. It would be appropriate to give some quantitative values of the obtained results in the abstract.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus cereus
• density of bacteria
• Pseudomonas putida
• recommended dose
• soil

Kaynakça

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