Farklı Toprak İşleme Yönetimi Kapsamında Atık Su ile Sulama Yapılarak Toprağın Fiziksel ve Hidrolik Özelliklerinin İyileştirilmesi

Öz

Geri dönüştürülmüş atık su ile sulama yapmak, toprağın organik maddesini artırmaktadır. Böylece artan organik maddenin toprağın fiziksel ve hidrolik özelliklerine etkisi farklı sulama suyu miktarları ve farklı toprak işleme uygulamaları ile geliştirilebilir. Bu çalışmada, artan organik maddenin etkisi, doğrudan ekim (DS) ve geleneksel toprak işleme (CT) altında değişen geri dönüştürülmüş atık su (RWW) (RWW ile %100, %67 ve %33 sulama seviyeleri) ve temiz suyla (FW) (FW ile %100 sulama seviyesi) sulama seviyelerinde sulanan bir silajlık mısır tarlasında gerçekleştirilen iki yıllık bir çalışmanın ardından belirlenmiştir. %100 sulama düzeyinde; RWW, FW ile karşılaştırıldığında, hacim ağırlığı %1.5 daha düşük olmuşken, porozite, agregat stabilitesi, tarla kapasitesi, solma noktası ve kullanılabilir su kapasitesi sırasıyla %1.9, %12.0, %2.8, %2.2 ve %3.6 oranında önemli ölçüde artış göstermiştir. Hacim ağırlığı, agregat stabilitesi, tarla kapasitesi, solma noktası ve kullanılabilir su kapasitesi CT'ye göre DS'de sırasıyla %1.5, %4.3, %3.3, %2.2 ve %4.2 seviyesinde anlamlı derecede artış göstermişken, porozite %1.5 daha düşük olmuştur. Bu etkiler, DS'deki organik madde içeriğinin CT'ye göre %1.1 daha yüksek olması nedeniyle DS altında RWW ile sulamaya ilişkin açıklanabilirken, tam sulamalar arasında; RWW, FW'ye göre organik madde içeriğini %17 arttırmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda DS kapsamında RWW kullanılarak %100 sulama seviyelerinin silajlık mısır tarlasının fiziksel ve hidrolik özelliklerini iyileştirmede pratik bir yaklaşım olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geleneksel toprak işleme
• Doğrudan ekim
• Sulama
• Geri dönüştürülmüş atık su
• Toprak organik maddesi

Improving the Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties by Irrigation with Wastewater under Different Soil Tillage Management

Öz

Irrigation with recycled wastewater increases the organic substance of the soil. Thus, the effect of the increased organic substance on the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil can be developed with different irrigation water quantities and soil tillage treatments. In this study, the effect of increased organic matter was determined after a two-year study carried out on a silage maize field irrigated at varying irrigation water levels of recycled wastewater (RWW) (100%, 67%, and 33% irrigation levels with RWW) and freshwater (FW) (100% irrigation level with FW) under direct sowing (DS) and conventional tillage (CT). RWW is compared to FW, the bulk density at 100% irrigation level was 1.5% lower, while porosity, aggregate stability, field capacity, wilting point, and available water were significantly higher by 1.9%, 12.0%, 2.8%, 2.2%, and 3.6%, respectively. Bulk density, aggregate stability, field capacity, wilting point, and available water were 1.5%, 4.3%, 3.3%, 2.2%, and 4.2% were significantly higher in DS according to CT, respectively, while porosity was 1.5% lower. These effects can be attributed to the RWW irrigation under DS due to the organic matter content in DS which was 1.1% higher than with CT, while RWW increased the organic matter content by 17% according to FW between full irrigations. As a result of the study, it was concluded that 100% irrigation levels using RWW directly within the scope of DS may be a practical approach to improve the physical and hydraulic properties of the silage maize field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Conventional tillage
• Direct sowing
• Irrigation
• Recycled wastewater
• Soil organic matter

Kaynakça

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