Detection and molecular characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates in sesame using species-specific markers

Öz

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a vital oilseed crop cultivated globally, yet its production is significantly threatened by charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. This soilborne pathogen leads to severe yield losses, affecting sesame-growing regions globally. In this study, we conducted a molecular characterization of M. phaseolina isolates collected from infected sesame plants in Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa, Türkiye. During the field survey, the characteristic symptoms such as wilting, stunted growth, and blackened stems were observed and samples were collected to isolate the targeted pathogen. Seven isolates were successfully isolated and analyzed for their morphological and microscopic features, confirming the presence of M. phaseolina. The DNA extraction and PCR amplification using species-specific primers (MpKRI/MpKFI) successfully detected the pathogen in all isolates, producing a distinct 350 bp amplicon. The results validate the reliability of molecular markers in identifying M. phaseolina with high specificity. This study highlights the importance of molecular tools for precise pathogen detection, aiding in disease management strategies. The findings contribute to a better understanding of M. phaseolina’s genetic diversity and offer valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at developing resistant sesame cultivars. Future research should focus on integrating molecular diagnostics with breeding efforts to enhance sesame's resilience against charcoal rot disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sesamum indicum
• Macrophomina phaseolina
• molecular characterization
• fungal pathogens
• sesame breeding

Türlere özgü markörler kullanılarak susamda Macrophomina phaseolina izolatlarının tespiti ve moleküler karakterizasyonu

Öz

Susam (Sesamum indicum L.), dünya genelinde yetiştirilen önemli bir yağ bitkisi olup, üretimi Macrophomina phaseolina’nın neden olduğu kömür çürüklüğü hastalığı tarafından ciddi şekilde tehdit edilmektedir. Toprak kökenli bu patojen, susam yetiştirilen bölgelerde önemli verim kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ve Şanlıurfa, Türkiye susam üretim alanlarındaki enfekte susam bitkilerinden izole edilen M. phaseolina izolatlarının moleküler karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları sırasında solgunluk, bodur büyüme ve siyahlaşmış gövdeler gibi karakteristik semptomlar tespit edilmiştir. Yedi izolat başarıyla elde edilerek morfolojik ve mikroskobik özellikleri incelenmiş ve M. phaseolina'nın varlığı doğrulanmıştır. Türlere özgü primerler (MpKRI/MpKFI) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen DNA ekstraksiyonu ve PCR amplifikasyonu, tüm izolatlarda patojeni başarıyla tespit etmiş ve 350 bp’lik özgün bir amplikon ürünü üretmiştir. Sonuçlar, moleküler markörlerin M. phaseolina’nın yüksek özgüllükle tanımlanmasındaki güvenilirliğini doğrulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, hastalık yönetim stratejilerine katkı sağlamak için moleküler araçların hassas patojen tespitindeki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bulgular, M. phaseolina’nın genetik çeşitliliğinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunarak, kömür çürüklüğüne dayanıklı susam çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik ıslah programları için değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Gelecek araştırmalar, susamın kömür çürüklüğüne karşı direncini artırmak amacıyla moleküler tanı yöntemleri ile ıslah çalışmalarının entegrasyonuna odaklanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sesamum indicum
• Macrophomina phaseolina
• moleküler karakterizasyon
• fungal patojenler

Kaynakça

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