Hayvansal gübreye gıda atığı ilavesinin amonyak (NH3) ve karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonları üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Küresel nüfusunun hızla artması, gıda sistemleri üzerinde önemli bir baskı oluşturmuş; bu durum tarımsal faaliyetlerin yoğunlaşmasına ve hem bitkisel üretimden hem de hayvancılıktan kaynaklanan atık miktarlarında eş zamanlı bir artışa neden olmuştur. Türkiye’de hayvansal kaynaklı protein ihtiyacı başlıca kanatlı, büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapılarak karşılanmaktadır. Hayvansal üretimin temel yan ürünlerinden biri olan gübrenin uygun olmayan şekilde yönetilmesi, amonyak (NH3) ve karbondioksit (CO2) gibi kirletici gazların salımı yoluyla çevresel bozulmaya önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, çay, kahve ve fındık gibi yaygın olarak tüketilen tarımsal ürünlerin işlenmesi sonucunda önemli miktarda organik yan ürün ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu artıklar, çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir bir şekilde yeniden kullanılma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, çay atığı, kahve telvesi ve fındıkkabuğunun farklı türdeki hayvan gübrelerine eklenmesinin, NH3 ve CO2 gaz konsantrasyonları üzerindeki etkilerini laboratuvar ölçekli koşullarda değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, çay atığı NH3 konsantrasyonlarının azaltılmasında en yüksek etkinliği göstermiştir; kanatlı gübresinde %54,5 ile %61,9, koyun gübresinde %62,7 ile %68,6 ve sığır gübresinde %22,0 ile %85,1 arasında azalmalar sağlanmıştır. Buna karşılık, fındıkkabukları CO2 konsantrasyonlarının azaltılmasında en etkili materyal olmuş ve sırasıyla kanatlı, koyun ve sığır gübrelerinde %45,1 ile %69,6, %11,9 ile %57,6 ve %13,1 ile %64,4 oranlarında azalma elde edilmiştir. Tüm gübre türlerinde, her iki gaz açısından da uygulama grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar gözlenmiştir (p < 0,05). Genel olarak sonuçlar, çay atığının NH3 konsantrasyonlarının azaltılmasında daha etkili olduğunu, fındıkkabuklarının ise CO2 konsantrasyonlarının azaltılmasında daha yüksek potansiyele sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amonyak
• karbondioksit
• hayvan gübresi
• organik atık
• sürdürülebilirlik

Proje Numarası

1919B012334125

Assessment of the impact of food waste additions in livestock manure on ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

Öz

Rapid global population growth has placed substantial pressure on food systems, leading to the intensification of agricultural practices and a concomitant increase in the production of waste from both crop production and livestock farming. In Türkiye, animal-derived protein requirements are primarily supply through poultry, cattle, and small ruminant farming. Improper management of manure, a primary by-product of animal production, is a major contributor to environmental degradation due to the release of gaseous pollutants such as ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Additionally, the processing of widely consumed agricultural commodities such as tea, coffee, and hazelnuts produces substantial quantities of organic by-products. These residues present potential for environmentally sustainable reuse. This study aimed to assess the effects of incorporating tea waste, coffee grounds, and hazelnut shells into various animal manures on NH3 and CO2 concentrations under laboratory-scale conditions. According to the result of the study, tea waste exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing NH3 concentrations, with reductions ranging from 54.5% to 61.9% in poultry manure, 62.7% to 68.6% in sheep manure, and 22.0% to 85.1% in cattle manure. In contrast, hazelnut shells were the most effective in mitigating CO2 concentrations, achieving reductions of 45.1% to 69.6%, 11.9% to 57.6%, and 13.1% to 64.4% in poultry, sheep, and cattle manure, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the treatment groups for both gases across all manure types. Overall, the results demonstrate that tea waste is more effective in mitigating NH3 emissions, whereas hazelnut shells possess a stronger potential for reducing CO2 emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ammonia
• carbon dioxide
• livestock manure
• organic waste
• sustainability

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK

Proje Numarası

1919B012334125

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) supported this study within the scope of 2209-A (Project Number: 1919B012334125).

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