Comparison of the Virulence of Heterorhabdit Nematodes on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

The virulence of nine local heterorhabditid isolates obtained in a survey in South Carolina (USA) (Heterorhabditis megidis LEX, H. zealandica EDS and CHR, and H. bacteriophora WPS, SMP, PD, CFG, MF and CFM strains) with two other heterorhabditid nematodes from different place (H. bacteriophora Hb and HP88 strains) against last instar greater wax moth larvae were compared under laboratory conditions. Nematode concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 100 infective juveniles (IJs) per larva were used. The Petri-plate bioassay procedure was used in the trials and each treatment was repeated 4 times. Petri dishes contained 7 larvae each were incubated in a dark growth cabinet at 25°C with 75% relative humidity. Mortalities were counted for 4 days. At the final count, mortalities were 53.6-100, 42.3-100, 66.1-100, 60.7-100, 57.7-100, 60.7-100, 45.2-100, 54.8-100, 30.4-100, 57.7-100 and 81.5-100% for H. megidis LEX, H. zealandica EDS and CHR, and H. bacteriophora WPS, SMP, PD, CFG, MF, CFM, Hb and HP88 strains at all concentrations, respectively. Positive regressions were observed between mortality and dose for all nematodes in the trials. When all dozes were evaluated together, H. bacteriophora HP88 strain produced the highest mortality with 81.5% at the lowest rate and differed than others by having 100% mortality in the other concentrations. As a result, all nematodes in the trails starting with H. bacteriophora WPS, PD and Hb, H. zealandica CHR and EDS, and H. megidis LEX strains were found promising in biological control.

Keywords

• Biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, Galleria mellonella, Heterorhabditis

Heterorhabdit Nematodların (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) Biyolojik Etkinliklerinin Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Üzerinde Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Güney Carolina’da (ABD) yapılan bir sürveyden elde edilen dokuz yerel, (Heterorhabditis megidis LEX, H. zealandica EDS ve CHR, ve H. bacteriophora WPS, SMP, PD, CFG, MF ve CFM) ve dışarıdan elde edilen iki Heterorhabditis izolatının (H. bacteriophora Hb ve HP88) biyolojik etkinliği, son dönem Galleria mellonella larvaları üzerinde laboratuar şartlarında karşılaştırılmıştır. Denemelerde nematodların 5, 10, 25 ve 100 nematod / larva konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. Petri kaplarında yapılan denemelerde, her doz dört petri içerisinde tekrar edilmiştir. İçerisinde 7 larva bulunan petri kapları, 25°C’de ve %75 nem içeren inkübatöre yerleştirilmiş ve ölüm oranları günlük olarak dört gün boyunca kaydedilmiştir. Son gün sayımında, ölüm oranları, H. megidis LEX, H. zealandica EDS ve CHR, ve H. bacteriophora WPS, SMP, PD, CFG, MF, CFM, Hb ve HP88 ırklarının tüm dozlar için, sırasıyla %53.6-100, 42.3-100, 66.1-100, 60.7-100, 57.7-100, 60.7-100, 45.2-100, 54.8-100, 30.4-100, 57.7-100 ve 81.5-100 arasında gerçekleşmiş ve genellikle nematod dozunun artışıyla ölüm oranları da artmıştır. Tüm dozlar bir arada değerlendirildiğinde, H. bacteriophora HP88 ırkı en düşük dozda %81.5’le en yüksek ölüm oranını oluşturmuş ve diğer dozlarda %100 ölüm gerçekleştirmesiyle diğerlerinden ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, H. bacteriophora WPS, PD ve Hb, H. zealandica CHR ve EDS ve H. megidis LEX ırkları başta olmak üzere denemedeki tüm nematodların, biyolojik mücadelede ümitvar oldukları kanaatine varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele, entomopatojen nematodlar, Galleria mellonella, Heterorhabditis

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