Genetic Study of Milk Production and Reproduction Traits of Local Born Simmental Cattle in Turkey

Abstract

Data from 232 Simmental cows calved between 1990 to 2000 obtained from Kazova state farm were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for milk (305-day milk yield, lactation length, dry period) and reproduction traits (service period and calving interval). Estimates of variance components and parameters of milk and reproduction traits were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood analyses fitting an animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.15, 0.04, 0.04, 0.07 and 0.02 for 305-day milk yield, LL, DP, SP and CI, respectively. Genetic correlations between 305-day MY and each of SP and DP were negative, whereas the correlation between 305-day MY and each of LL and CI are positive. Phenotypic correlation between 305-day MY and each of LL, SP and CI were positive except DP. Results indicate that the heritability of fertility traits in dairy cattle is lower than the other economically important milk traits. The low heritability of fertility traits indicates that the influence of herd management and other environmental effects are greater than the genetic background. The heritabilities and genetic correlations estimated in this study also indicate that selection to improve some of the traits will be possible, but response to selection will be slow.

Keywords

• Dairy Cattle, Milk Production, Fertility Traits, Genetic Parameters

Yerli Simmental Sığırlarının Süt ve Döl Verim Özelliklerine ait Genetik Çalışmalar

Öz

Bu çalışma Kazova Devlet Üretme Çiftliğinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan 232 Simmental ineğinin süt (305-gün süt verimi, laktasyon uzunluğu, kuruda kalma süresi) ve döl (servis periyodu ve buzağılama aralığı) verim özelliklerine ait fenotipik ve genetik parametreleri hesaplamak için yapılmıştır. Süt ve döl verim özelliklerine ait varyans bileşenleri ve parametreler bireysel hayvan modeli esas alınarak REML yöntemiyle tahminlenmiştir. 305-gün süt verimi, laktasyon uzunluğu, kuruda kalma süresi, servis periyodu ve buzağılama aralığına ait kalıtım derecesi sırası ile 0.15, 0.04, 0.04, 0.07 ve 0.02 hesaplanmıştır. 305-gün süt veriminin servis periyodu ve kuruda kalma süresi arasındaki genetik korelasyon negatif, laktasyon uzunluğu ve buzağılama aralığı ile pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. 305-gün süt veriminin laktasyon uzunluğu, servis periyodu ve buzağılama aralığı arasındaki fenotipik korelasyon pozitif kuruda kalma süresi ile negatif bulunmuştur. Sonuçlardan döl verim özelliklerine ait kalıtım derecesinin ekonomik olarak önemli süt verim özelliklerinden düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Döl verim özelliklerine ait kalıtım derecesinin düşük olması sürü idaresi ve diğer çevresel faktörlerin etkisinin genetik faktörlerden daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen kalıtım derecesi ve genetik korelasyonların bazı karakterlerin geliştirilebileceğine ancak genetik ilerlemenin yavaş olacağına işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Süt sığırı, süt verimi, döl verim karakterleri, genetik parametreler

Kaynakça

1. Akman, N. and Kumlu, S., 2004. Genetic and phenotypic parameters fro 305-day milk yield of Turkish Holstein population. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 10, 281-286.
2. Alpan, O., Yosunkaya, H. and Alıç, K. 1976. Türkiye’ye ithal edilen Esmer Holştayn ve Simmental sığırlar üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir adaptasyon çalışması. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6, 3-18
3. Atay, O., Yener, S.M., Bakır, G. and Kaygısız, A. 1995. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters of milk production characters of Holstein cows raised at the Ataturk foresty farm in Ankara. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 19, 441-446.
4. Atil, H., Khattab, S. and Yakupoglu, C., 2001. Genetic analyses for milk traits in different herds of Holstein Friesian cattle in Turkey. Online J. of Biological Sci., 1, 737-741.
5. Bagnato, A. and Oltenacu, P.A., 1993. Genetic study of fertility traits and production in different parities in Italian Friesian cattle. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 110, 126-134.
6. Basu, S.B. and Ghai, A.S., 1980. Studies on inheritance of some reproductive and relationship with milk production in cross-breed cattle. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 50, 119-125.
7. Berger, P.J., Shanks, R.D., Freeman, A.E. and Laben, R.C., 1981. genetic aspects of milk yield and reproductive performance in jersey cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 64, 114- 124.
8. Brinzej, M. and Rastija, T., 1976. Dairy performance at large farms and body conformation of Yugoslav and imported Austrian Simmentals. Stocarstvo, 30, 419- 430.

9. Campos, M.S., Wilcox, C.J., Beceril, C.M. and Diz, A., 1994. Genetic parameters for yield and reproductive traits of Holstein and Jersey cattle in Florida. J. of Dairy Sci., 77, 867-873.
10. Dahlin, A., Khan, U.N., Zafar, A.H., Saleem, M., Chaudhry, M.A. and Philipsson, J. 1998. Genetic and environmental causes of variation in milk production traits of Sahiwal cattle in Pakistan. Anim. Sci., 66, 307-318.
11. Deliomeroglu, Y., Bakir, A. and Alpan, O. 1996. İthal Simmental sığırların Kazova Tarım İşletmesi şartlarında süt ve döl verimleri. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 362, 42-53.
12. Dematawewa, C.M.B. and Berger, P.J., 1998. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for 305-day yield fertility and survival in Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 266-275.
13. Dong, M.C. and Van Vleck, L.D., 1988. Estimates of genetic and environmental covariances for milk yield survival and calving interval. Genetics Research 1987-1988 Report to Eastren Artificial Insemination Cooperative Inc., pp: 58.
14. Eriksson, J.A., Wretler, E., 1990. Sire evaluation for diseases in Sweden. World Review of Animal Production, 25, 29-32.
15. Ertugrul, O., Orman, M.N. and Guneren, G., 2002. Some genetic parameters of milk yield the Holstein breed. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 26, 463-469.
16. Faust, M.A., McDaniel, B.T. and Robison, O.W., 1989. Genetics of reproduction in primiparous Holsteins. J. of Dairy Sci., 72, 194-201.
17. French, M.H., Johansson, I., Joshi, N.R. and Mclaughlin, E.A., 1966. European Breeds of Cattle Vol I and II. FAO Agricultural Studies No: 67 Rome.
18. Gilmour, A.R., Cullis, B.R., Welham, S.J. and Thompson, R., 1998. “ASREML”. NSW Agriculture Orange Australia.
19. Gomez, C.H. and Tewolde, A., 1999. Genetic parameters of milk production evaluation of sires and characterization of dairy farms in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Produccion Animal, 7, 19-37.
20. Grosshans, T., Xu, Z.Z., Burton, L.J., Johnson, D.L. and Macmillan, K.L., 1997. performance and genetic parameters for fertility of seasonal dairy cows in New Zealand. Livest. Prod. Sci., 51, 41-51.
21. Haile-Mariam, M., Bowman, P.J. and Goddard, M.E., 2003. Genetic and environmental relationship among calving interval survival persistency of milk yield and somatic cell count in dairy cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci., 80, 189-200.
22. Hansen, L.B., Freeman, A.E. and Berger, P.J., 1983. Yield and fertility relationship in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 66, 293-305.
23. Hayes, J.F., Cue, R.I. and Monardes, H.G., 1992, Estimates of repeteability of reproductive traits in Canadian Holsteins. J. of Dairy Sci., 75, 1701-1706.
24. Ilaslan, M., Aşkin, Y., Geliyi, C. and Alatas, I., 1978. Kars Deneme ve Üretme İstasyonunda Yetiştirilen Esmer ve Simmental Irkı Sığırların Vücut Yapısı Süt ve Döl Verimleri ile İlgili Özellikleri. Kars Deneme ve Üretme İstasyonu Yayınları, No:5. Kars.
25. Ivanov, M., 1978a. Ayrshire crossbreds deserve more attention. Zhivotnovdstvo, 3210, 11-14.
26. Ivanov, M., 1978b. Husbandry value and biological characteristics of crosses of Bulgarian Simmental cows with Ayrshire bulls. III. Milk production of F1 crosses. Zhivotnovdstvo, 154, 3-10.
27. Kadarmideen, H.N., Thompson, R., Coeffey, M.P. and Kossaibati, M. A., 2003. Genetic parameters and evaluation from single- and multiple- trait analyses of dairy cow fertility and milk production. Livest. Prod. Sci., 81, 183-195.
28. Katoch, S., Yadav, M.C. and Manuja, N.K., 1991. Factors affecting first dry period in jersey cows in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Vet. J., 684, 323-326.
29. Kaya I., Akbas Y., Uzmay C. 2003, Estimation of breeding values for dairy cattle using test-day milk yilds. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27, 459-464.
30. Kaygısız, A. and Vanlı, Y.C., 1997. genetic analyses of the Brown cattle herd of Van Agricultural Vacational High School. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2, 111-115.
31. Khattab, A.S. and Atil, H., 1999. Genetic study of fertility traits and productive in a local born Friesian cattle in Egypt. Pakistan J.Biological Sciences, 24, 1178- 1183.
32. Kunzi, N., Wuest, A., Kaufmann, A. and Leuenberger, H., 1996. Rindertypen, Ergebnisse der Rindertypenversuche der ETH 4. Teil An economic comparison of 3 dairy cattle breeds, Holstein Jersey and Simmental. Results of investigations into different dairy cattle breeds conducted by the ETH Part 4. KB-Mitteilungen, 34, 28-29. Vergleich Jersey Holstein Simmentaler.
33. Marti, C.F. and Funk, D.A., 1994. Relationship between production and days open at different levels of herd production. J. of Dairy Sci., 77, 1682-1690.
34. Minitab, 1998. “Minitab reference manual. Release 12 for Windows”. Minitab Inc.
35. Murdia, C.K. and Tripathi, V.N. 1999. Direct and correlated responses to selection in performance traits in Jersey cattle. Indian J. of Anim.Sci., 6110, 1096- 1100.
36. Nebel, R.L. and McGillard, M.L., 1993. Interactions of high milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 3257-3268.
37. Panic, M., Novogradic, M. and Latinovic, D., 1985. Long lactations and their effect on milk yield and fertility of cows. Anim. Breed. Abst.; 53, 2651-2660.
38. Polanski, S., Felenczak, A. and Gil, Z. 1995. Ksztaltowanie sie dlugosci okresu miedzywycieleniowego u krow rasy simentalskiej i jego wplyw na wydajnosc mleczna The effect of calving interval on dairy performance of Simmental cows. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej im.
39. Pryce, J.E. 1997. Genetics of health and fertility in dairy cattle. PhD thesis. The University of Edinburg UK.
40. Pryce, J.E. and Verkamp, R.F., 2001. The incorporation of fertility indices in genetic improvement programmes. In,Diskin M.G. Ed.. fertility in the High-producing dairy Cow vol.1. British Society of Animal Sci., 237- 250.
41. Rycken, M., 1997. Ergebnisse der Milchleistungsprufungen beim Schweizer Fleckvieh im Kontrolljahr 1996/97. Milchmenge und Eiweissgehalt wieter steigend Results of milk recording in Simmental cows in 1996-97. Milk yield and milk protein yield are still increasing Schweizer Fleckvieh; 7, 26-41.
42. Saatci, M., Ulutas, Z., Dewi, I.A. and Akkus, I., 2000. Environmental effects variance components and estimated breeding values of milk yield for Holstein cows in Dalaman State farm. Ataturk Univ. Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 312, 97-101.
43. Sallam, M.T., El-Feel, F.M. and Khattab, A.S., 1990. Effect of genetic. and non-genetic fa ctors for productive and reproductive traits in Friesian cows in Egypt. El-Minia. J. Agric. Res. Egypt, 12, 521-528.
44. Schaeffer, I.R., Henderson, C.R. 1972. Effects of days dry and days open on Holstein milk production. J. Dairy Sci., 55, 107-114. Schmitz, H.F., 1998. Die wichtigsten Milchleistungsergebnisse im Kontrolljahr 1996/97 The most important milk recording results in 1996- 97. Schweizer Fleckvieh; 1,2-8.
45. Syrstad, O., 1993. Milk yield and lactation length in tropical cattle. World Animal Review, 74, 68-72.
46. Tumer, S., Kircalioglu, A. and Nalbant, M., 1985. Ege Bölge Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsünde Yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca Esmer ve Simmental Sığırların Çeşitli Verim Özellikleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ege Bölge Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları No:53. İzmir.
47. Tuzemen, N., Yanar M., Aydın, R. and Akbulut, O., 1999. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters of milk characteristics of Holstein cows raised in the farm of Agriculture College at Ataturk University. Uluslararası Hayvancılık Kongresi 21-24 Eylul 1999 Izmir Turkey.
48. Ulutas, Z., Akman, N. and Akbulut, O., 2004. Estimates of genetic and environmental Co variances for 305-day milk yield and calving intervals in Holstein Friesian cattle. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 28, 101-105.
49. Visscher, P. M. and Thompson R., 1992. Univariate and multivariate parameter estimates for milk production traits using an animal model. I. Description and results of REML analyses. Genetics Selection Evoluation, 24, 415-430.