Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Uzaktan Algılama ile Yamaç Havzası’nın (Bingöl) Erozyon Duyarlılık Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Bingöl’ün güneyinde yer alan Yamaç Havzası’nın erozyon duyarlılık analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Yamaç Havzası’nda litoloji volkanik ve alüvyal kayaçlardan oluşmaktadır. Havzanın güneyinden fayla kesilmesi yükselti farkını artırmıştır. Havzanın kuzeyi ile güneyi arasında yükselti farkı 1000 m’yi bulmaktadır. Yamaç Havzası’nda jeomorfolojik, iklim ve bitki örtüsü özellikleri nedeniyle erozyon şiddeti yüksektir. Bu çalışmada eğim, bitki örtüsü, drenaj yoğunluğu ve toprak parlaklığı kullanılarak Yamaç Havzası’nda erozyon duyarlılığının oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Erozyona neden olan faktör haritalarının çakıştırılmasına dayanan istatistiksel yöntem kullanılarak oluşturulan duyarlılık haritasına göre havzanın % 47’sinde erozyon duyarlılığı yüksek, % 30’unda erozyon duyarlılığı ortadır. Erozyon şiddeti üzerinde eğim, bitki örtüsü ve drenaj yoğunluğunun etkisi belirgin olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Havzanın güneyindeki tarım alanlarını etkileyen erozyonu azaltmak amacıyla mikro havza çalışmalarının hızlandırılması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bingöl
• Yamaç Havzası
• Erozyon Duyarlılık

Erosion Sensitivity Analysis of Yamac Watershed (Bingöl) Using Geographical Information System And Remote Sensing

Öz

The study was conduct to generate erosion sensitivity analysis of Yamac Watershed located in the south of Bingol city, Turkey. Lithology of the watershed is formed by extrusive and alluvial rocks. Cutting faults in the south of the watershed has increased elevation difference which can reach up to 1000 m between south and north. Erosion severity of the watershed is very high due to its geomorphological, climatic and vegetative properties. The aim of this study was create erosion sensitivity in Yamac watershed using slope degree, vegetation cover, drainage density and soil brightness. According the sensitivity map created by statistical methods derived superpositioning factor maps, %47 of watershed area was categorized as high while %30 was medium. Especially slope degrees, drainage density and vegetation are the major inducements for the severe erosion in the watershed. The erosion become dangerous for cultivated areas in the south of the watershed. Thus, to reduce erosion micro watershed practices should be accelerated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bingol
• Yamac Watershed
• Erosion Sensitivity

Kaynakça

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