Mera Alanlarında Bitkilendirme, Koruma ve Gübrelemenin Toprak Özellikleri, Nem Korunumuna ve Toprak Kayıplarına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 1 - 11, 18.01.2016

Özlem Akar İrfan Oğuz Tahsin Taşyürek Fergan Karaer

https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag787

Öz

Mera yönetiminde; bitki gelişimi, üretimi ve su yetersizliği ve ekosistem bozulması arasındaki etkileşimlerin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, mera alanlarında, koruma ve gübreleme ile birlikte bitkilendirme (A), koruma ile birlikte gübreleme (B), yalnızca koruma (C) ve otlatmaya açık bırakma (D) gibi dört farklı uygulamanın erozyon, toprak özellikleri, toprak sıkışması, botanik kompozisyon ve mera kalitesine olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. En fazla nem birikimi bitki su tüketiminin az olduğu otlatmaya açık parselde meydana gelmiştir. En yüksek sıkışma değeri, otlatmaya açık mera parselinde, en az sıkışma ise korumalı doğal merada görülmüştür. Tüm parseller birlikte değerlendiğinde 2004 ile 2012 yılları arasında, toprakların tuz, pH, kireç, fosfor, potasyum ve organik madde düzeylerinde değişen iklim koşullarına, vejetasyona ve gübre uygulamalarına bağlı olarak değişikliklerin meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir.. A, B, C ve D parsellerinde tür sayısı sırasıyla 47, 57, 53 ve 32 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Gübre uygulaması tür sayısında azalmaya neden olmuş ancak baklagiller ve buğdaygilleri artırarak mera kalitesini geliştirmiştir. Araştırma süresince en fazla örtülülük ve kuru ot verimi, beklendiği gibi, gübreleme ile birlikte bitkilendirmenin yapıldığı A parselinde görülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler koruma ve gübreleme yapılarak mera kalitesinin ve ot veriminin artırılabileceğini gösterirken araştırma parsellerinde araştırma süresince ölçülebilecek kadar toprak kaybı meydana gelmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mera, mera kalitesi, toprak özellikleri, toprak sıkışması, Sivas

Determining In Rangelands The Effects of Planting Protection and Fertilization on Soil Properties, Moisture Conservation and Soil Losses

Öz

For a sound range management, it is essential to know how plant growth and yield are related to soil water storage and ecosystem degradation. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of treatments; fertilizition, planting, and not grazing (A), planting with not grazing (B), not grazing (C), and grazing (D) on erosion, soil properties, soil penetration, botanical composition and pasture quality in rangelands. The greatest water accumulation occurred in treatment D where the plant growth was minimum due to grazing, and the greatest soil compaction occurred in this treatment. The lowest compaction through 2004–2012 the occurred in treatment A. When all the treatments were evaluated together depending on the applied treatments a set of changes in the levels of the salt conteint, pH, lime, phosphrous, potassium and organic matter of soils. Numbers of species in the treatment plots were obtained as 47, 57, 53, 32 respecrive on the changing climatic conditions, vegetation and fertilizer application. Fertilizer application decreased diversity in plant composition, while it increased pasture quality, increasing the number for species of Fabaceae and Graminea. The greatest plant cover and hay yield occurred in treatment A. Results showed that conservation and fertilization can increase pasture quality and hay yield in the conditions studied. In addition, measurable soil losses did not occurred during the research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rangeland, pasture quality, soil properties, soil penetration, Sivas

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