Araştırma Makalesi
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Mera Alanlarında Bitkilendirme, Koruma ve Gübrelemenin Toprak Özellikleri, Nem Korunumuna ve Toprak Kayıplarına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 1 - 11, 18.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag787

Öz

Mera yönetiminde; bitki gelişimi, üretimi ve su yetersizliği ve ekosistem bozulması arasındaki etkileşimlerin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, mera alanlarında, koruma ve gübreleme ile birlikte bitkilendirme (A), koruma ile birlikte gübreleme (B), yalnızca koruma (C) ve otlatmaya açık bırakma (D) gibi dört farklı uygulamanın erozyon, toprak özellikleri, toprak sıkışması, botanik kompozisyon ve mera kalitesine olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. En fazla nem birikimi bitki su tüketiminin az olduğu otlatmaya açık parselde meydana gelmiştir. En yüksek sıkışma değeri, otlatmaya açık mera parselinde, en az sıkışma ise korumalı doğal merada görülmüştür. Tüm parseller birlikte değerlendiğinde 2004 ile 2012 yılları arasında, toprakların tuz, pH, kireç, fosfor, potasyum ve organik madde düzeylerinde değişen iklim koşullarına, vejetasyona ve gübre uygulamalarına bağlı olarak değişikliklerin meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir.. A, B, C ve D parsellerinde tür sayısı sırasıyla 47, 57, 53 ve 32 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Gübre uygulaması tür sayısında azalmaya neden olmuş ancak baklagiller ve buğdaygilleri artırarak mera kalitesini geliştirmiştir. Araştırma süresince en fazla örtülülük ve kuru ot verimi, beklendiği gibi, gübreleme ile birlikte bitkilendirmenin yapıldığı A parselinde görülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler koruma ve gübreleme yapılarak mera kalitesinin ve ot veriminin artırılabileceğini gösterirken araştırma parsellerinde araştırma süresince ölçülebilecek kadar toprak kaybı meydana gelmemiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ayoub A T (1998). Indicators of dryland degradation. In: Squires, V.R., Sidahmed, A.E. (Eds.),Drylands-sustainable Use of Rangelands into the Twenty-first Century, IFAD series
  • Technical Reports, Rome, Italy, pp. 11–23. ISBN 92-9072- 00690.
  • Başarsoft, 2015. Google Earth 2015 CNES/Astrium görüntüsü
  • Busso CA, Brevedan RE, Flemmer AC, Bolletta AI (2003). Morphophysiological and Demographic Responses of Perennial Grasses to Defoliation under Water Stress. In: Hemantaranjan, A.(Ed.), Advance Plant Physiology/Plant Molecular Biology. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp. 341–395.
  • DMİ 2012. Şarkışla İlçesi Uzun Yıllar İklim Verileri (1975-2012). Yazılı görüşme.
  • Dube S (1999). Effects of Moisture and Defoliation Regime on Performance of Grass in Semi-arid Rangelands. In: Eldbridge, D., Freudenberger, D. (Eds.), VIth International Rangeland Congress, Australia, p. 273.
  • Ferna´ ndez RJ (2007). On the Frequent Lack of Response of Plants to Rainfall Events in Arid Areas. J. Arid Environ. 68, 688–691.
  • Flemmer AC, Busso CA, Ferna´ ndez OA, Montani T (2002a). Root Growth, Appearance and Disappearance and Disappearance in Perennial Grasses: Effects of theTiming of Water Stress with or Without Defoliation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82, 539–547.
  • Flemmer AC, Busso CA, Ferna´ ndez OA (2002b). Bud Viability in Perennial Grasses: Water Stress and Defoliation Effects. J. Range Manage. 55, 150–163.
  • Flemmer AC, Busso CA, Ferna´ ndez OA, Montani T (2003). Effects of Defoliation under Varying soil Water Regimes on Aboveground Biomass of Perennial Grasses. Arid Soil Res. Manage. 17, 139–152.
  • Ghebrehiwot HM, Fynn RWS, Morris CD, Kirkman KP, (2006). Shoot and Root Biomass Allocation and Competitive Hierarchies of Four South African Grass Species on Light, Soil Resources and Cutting Gradients. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 23, 113–122.
  • Martinez F, Casermeiro MA, Morales D, Cuevas G, Walter I (2002). Effects of Run-off Water Quantity and Quality of Urban Organic Wastes Applied in a Degraded Semi-arid Ecosystem. Sci. Total Environ. 305, 13–21.
  • Rodriguez MV, Bertiller MB, Bisigato ., (2007). Are Fine Roots of Both Shrubs and Perennial Grasses Able to Occupy the Upper Soil Layers A Case study in the Arid Patagonian Monte with Non-seasonal Precipitation. Plant Soil 300, 281–288.
  • Rostagno CM, (1989). Infiltration and Sediment Production as Affected by Soil Surface Conditions in a Shrubland of Patagonia, Argentina. J. Range Manage. 42, 382–385.
  • Snyder KA, Tartowski SL, (2006). Multi-scale Temporal Variation in Water Availability: İmplications for Vegetation Dynamics in Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems. J. Arid Environ. 65, 219–234.
  • Snyman HA (1998). Dynamics and Sustainable Utilization of the Rangeland Ecosystem in Arid and Semi-arid Climates of Southern Africa. J. Arid Environ. 39, 645–666.
  • Snyman HA (1999). Quantification of the Soil-water Balance under Different Veld Condition Classes in a Semi-arid Climate. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 16, 108–117.
  • Snyman HA (2005). Influence of Fire on Root Distribution, Seasonal Root Production and Root/Shoot Ratios in Grass Species in a Semi-arid Grassland of South Africa. S. Afr. J. Bot. 71, 133–144.
  • Swemmer AM, Knapp AK, Snyman HA (2007). Intra-seasonal Precipitation Patterns and Aboveground Productivity in Three Perennial Grasslands. J. Ecol. 95, 780–788
  • Wiegand T, Snyman HA, Kellner K, Paruelo JM (2004). Do Grasslands have a Memory: Modeling Phytomass Production of a Semi-arid South African grassland. Ecocystems 7, 243–258.
  • White CS, Loftin S., Aguilar R, (1997). Application of Biosolids to Degraded Semiarid Rangeland:Nine Year Responses. J. Environ. Qual. 26, 1663–1671.

Determining In Rangelands The Effects of Planting Protection and Fertilization on Soil Properties, Moisture Conservation and Soil Losses

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 1 - 11, 18.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag787

Öz

For a sound range management, it is essential to know how plant growth and yield are related to soil water storage and ecosystem degradation. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of treatments; fertilizition, planting, and not grazing (A), planting with not grazing (B), not grazing (C), and grazing (D) on erosion, soil properties, soil penetration, botanical composition and pasture quality in rangelands. The greatest water accumulation occurred in treatment D where the plant growth was minimum due to grazing, and the greatest soil compaction occurred in this treatment. The lowest compaction through 2004–2012 the occurred in treatment A. When all the treatments were evaluated together depending on the applied treatments a set of changes in the levels of the salt conteint, pH, lime, phosphrous, potassium and organic matter of soils. Numbers of species in the treatment plots were obtained as 47, 57, 53, 32 respecrive on the changing climatic conditions, vegetation and fertilizer application. Fertilizer application decreased diversity in plant composition, while it increased pasture quality, increasing the number for species of Fabaceae and Graminea. The greatest plant cover and hay yield occurred in treatment A. Results showed that conservation and fertilization can increase pasture quality and hay yield in the conditions studied. In addition, measurable soil losses did not occurred during the research.

Kaynakça

  • Ayoub A T (1998). Indicators of dryland degradation. In: Squires, V.R., Sidahmed, A.E. (Eds.),Drylands-sustainable Use of Rangelands into the Twenty-first Century, IFAD series
  • Technical Reports, Rome, Italy, pp. 11–23. ISBN 92-9072- 00690.
  • Başarsoft, 2015. Google Earth 2015 CNES/Astrium görüntüsü
  • Busso CA, Brevedan RE, Flemmer AC, Bolletta AI (2003). Morphophysiological and Demographic Responses of Perennial Grasses to Defoliation under Water Stress. In: Hemantaranjan, A.(Ed.), Advance Plant Physiology/Plant Molecular Biology. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp. 341–395.
  • DMİ 2012. Şarkışla İlçesi Uzun Yıllar İklim Verileri (1975-2012). Yazılı görüşme.
  • Dube S (1999). Effects of Moisture and Defoliation Regime on Performance of Grass in Semi-arid Rangelands. In: Eldbridge, D., Freudenberger, D. (Eds.), VIth International Rangeland Congress, Australia, p. 273.
  • Ferna´ ndez RJ (2007). On the Frequent Lack of Response of Plants to Rainfall Events in Arid Areas. J. Arid Environ. 68, 688–691.
  • Flemmer AC, Busso CA, Ferna´ ndez OA, Montani T (2002a). Root Growth, Appearance and Disappearance and Disappearance in Perennial Grasses: Effects of theTiming of Water Stress with or Without Defoliation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82, 539–547.
  • Flemmer AC, Busso CA, Ferna´ ndez OA (2002b). Bud Viability in Perennial Grasses: Water Stress and Defoliation Effects. J. Range Manage. 55, 150–163.
  • Flemmer AC, Busso CA, Ferna´ ndez OA, Montani T (2003). Effects of Defoliation under Varying soil Water Regimes on Aboveground Biomass of Perennial Grasses. Arid Soil Res. Manage. 17, 139–152.
  • Ghebrehiwot HM, Fynn RWS, Morris CD, Kirkman KP, (2006). Shoot and Root Biomass Allocation and Competitive Hierarchies of Four South African Grass Species on Light, Soil Resources and Cutting Gradients. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 23, 113–122.
  • Martinez F, Casermeiro MA, Morales D, Cuevas G, Walter I (2002). Effects of Run-off Water Quantity and Quality of Urban Organic Wastes Applied in a Degraded Semi-arid Ecosystem. Sci. Total Environ. 305, 13–21.
  • Rodriguez MV, Bertiller MB, Bisigato ., (2007). Are Fine Roots of Both Shrubs and Perennial Grasses Able to Occupy the Upper Soil Layers A Case study in the Arid Patagonian Monte with Non-seasonal Precipitation. Plant Soil 300, 281–288.
  • Rostagno CM, (1989). Infiltration and Sediment Production as Affected by Soil Surface Conditions in a Shrubland of Patagonia, Argentina. J. Range Manage. 42, 382–385.
  • Snyder KA, Tartowski SL, (2006). Multi-scale Temporal Variation in Water Availability: İmplications for Vegetation Dynamics in Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems. J. Arid Environ. 65, 219–234.
  • Snyman HA (1998). Dynamics and Sustainable Utilization of the Rangeland Ecosystem in Arid and Semi-arid Climates of Southern Africa. J. Arid Environ. 39, 645–666.
  • Snyman HA (1999). Quantification of the Soil-water Balance under Different Veld Condition Classes in a Semi-arid Climate. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 16, 108–117.
  • Snyman HA (2005). Influence of Fire on Root Distribution, Seasonal Root Production and Root/Shoot Ratios in Grass Species in a Semi-arid Grassland of South Africa. S. Afr. J. Bot. 71, 133–144.
  • Swemmer AM, Knapp AK, Snyman HA (2007). Intra-seasonal Precipitation Patterns and Aboveground Productivity in Three Perennial Grasslands. J. Ecol. 95, 780–788
  • Wiegand T, Snyman HA, Kellner K, Paruelo JM (2004). Do Grasslands have a Memory: Modeling Phytomass Production of a Semi-arid South African grassland. Ecocystems 7, 243–258.
  • White CS, Loftin S., Aguilar R, (1997). Application of Biosolids to Degraded Semiarid Rangeland:Nine Year Responses. J. Environ. Qual. 26, 1663–1671.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özlem Akar Bu kişi benim

İrfan Oğuz Bu kişi benim

Tahsin Taşyürek Bu kişi benim

Fergan Karaer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Akar, Ö., Oğuz, İ., Taşyürek, T., Karaer, F. (2016). Mera Alanlarında Bitkilendirme, Koruma ve Gübrelemenin Toprak Özellikleri, Nem Korunumuna ve Toprak Kayıplarına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 32(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag787