Araştırma Makalesi
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Sera Koşullarında Sıcaklık, Karbon Dioksit ve Sulama Seviyelerine Mısırın Tepkisi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 110 - 118, 18.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag805

Öz

Mısır Türkiye’de kültürü yapılan en önemli bitkilerden biridir. Artan CO2 ve diğer koşulların interaksiyonu ile ilgili mısır üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda önemli bir artış bulunmaktadır, fakat artan CO2 artan sulama ve sıcaklığın mısır üzerine birlikte etkisi belirsiz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada, farklı sıcaklık rejimleri (16/30 °C ve 22/36 °C gündüz/gece), CO2 koşulları (normal CO2 ve yüksek CO2) ve sulama uygulamasının (tam sulama ve azaltılmış sulama) mısırın erken gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkisi sera koşullarında saksı denemesi olarak yürütülmüştür. Bitki boyu (BB), klorofil içeriği (Kİ), yaprak alanı (YA), yaprak yaş ağırlık (YYA), yaprak kuru ağırlık (KA), nisbi nem içeriği (NNİ), paraquat hassasiyet indeksi (PHİ) ve nisbi hücre zararı (NHZ) incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar sıcaklığın mısırda gözlenen tüm özellikler üzerine doğrudan etkisi nedeniyle birincil önemli faktör olduğunu göstermiştir. Su stresi yüksek sıcaklık ile birlikte mısır üretimini sınırlayıcı bir faktör olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ayrıca, CO2 ve sulamanında sıcaklığa bağlı etkili bir faktör olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alberte RS, Thornber JP and Fiscus, EL (1977). Water Stress Effects on the Content and Organization of Chlorophyll in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize. Plant Physiol., 59 (3): 351-353.
  • Ammani AA, Ja’afaru AK, Aliyu JA and Arab AI (2012). Climate Change and Maize Production: Empirical Evidence from Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 16 (1): 1-8.
  • Anonymous (2009). The climatic data of Aydin province. The General Director of State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey (Accessed to web: 07.02.2014).
  • Anonymous (2014). Growth Response to Very High CO2 Concentrations (Terrestrial Plants) http://www.co2science.org/subject/v/summaries/veryhighco2.php (Accessed to web: 10.02.2014).
  • Arjenaki FG, Jabbari R and Morshedi A (2012). Evaluation of drought stress on relative water cotent, chlorophyll content and mineral elements of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4 (11): 726-729.
  • Baczek-Kwinta R and Koscielniak J (2003). Anti-oxidative effect of elevated CO2 concentration in the air on maize hybrids subjected to severe chill. Photosynthetica, 41: 161-165.
  • Barr HD and Weatherley PE (1962). A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficit in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Science, 15: 413-428.
  • Bilgin O, Baser I, Korkut KZ, Balkan A ve Saglam N (2008). The Impacts on Seedling Root Growth of Water and Salinity Stress in Maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14 (3): 313-320.
  • Bunce JA (2014) Corn Growth Response to Elevated CO2 Varies with the Amount of Nitrogen Applied. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5 (3): 306-312.
  • Cairns JE, Sonder K, Zaidi PH, Verhulst PN, Mahuku G, Babu R, Nair SK, Das B, Govaerts B, Vinayan MT, Rashid Z, Noor JJ, Devi P, Vicente FS and Prasanna BM (2012). Maize production in a changing climate: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies. Advances in Agronomy, 114:1-65.
  • Cavero J, Farre I, Debaeke P and Faci JM (2009). Simulation of Maize Yield under Water Stress with the EPICphase and CROPWAT Models. Agronomy Journal, 92: 679-690.
  • Chen J, Xu W, Velten J, Xin Z and Stout J (2012). Characterization of maize inbred lines for drought and heat tolerance. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 67 (5): 354-364.
  • Coskun Y, Coskun A, Demirel U ve Ozden M (2011). Physiological response of maize (Zea mays L.) to high temperature stress. AJCS., 5 (8): 966-972.
  • Cubasch U, Meehl GA, Boer GJ, Stouffer RJ, Dix M, Noda A, Senior CA, Raper S and Yap KS (2001). Projections of future climate change, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis: Contribution of WGI to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, p. 525-582.
  • Cakmak I (1994). Activity of ascorbate-dependent H2O2-scavenging enzymes and leaf chlorosis are enhanced in magnesium-and potassium-deficient leaves, but not in phosphorus-deficient leaves. J. Exp. Bot., 45: 1259-1266.
  • Demir I, Kılıc G, Coskun M ve Sumer UM (2008). Türkiye’de maksimum, minium ve ortalama hava sıcaklıkları ile yağış dizilerinde gözlenen değişiklikler ve eğilimler. TMMOB İklim Değişimi Sempozyumu, 13-14 Mart 2008, s.69-84, Ankara.
  • Easterling WE, Aggarwal PK, Batima P, Brander KM, Erda L, Howden SM, Kirilenko A, Morton J, Soussana JF, Schmidhuber J and Tubiello FN (2007). Food, fibre and forest products. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 273-313.
  • Farooq M, Bramley H, Palta JA and Siddique KHM (2011). Heat Stress in Wheat during Reproductive and Grain-Filling Phases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30: 1-17.
  • Gholamin R, Khayatnezhad M (2011). The effect of end season drought stress on the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield in maize cultivars. Scientific Research and Essays, 6 (25): 5351-5357.
  • Human JJ, Du Preez WH and De Bruyn LP (1990). The Influence of Plant Water Stress on Net Photosynthesis and Leaf Area of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 164 (3): 194–201.
  • Hussain I (2009). Genetics of drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Breeding and Genetics Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. P. 158.
  • IPCC (2002). Climate change and biodiversity, Edited by: Gitay, H., A. Saurez, R.T. Watson, and D.J. Dokken. IPPC (Intergovermantal panel on Climate Change)-Tecnical paper 5, ISBN:92-9169-104-7, p. 76.
  • João B, da Silva L, Ferreira PA, Pereira EG, Costa LC and Miranda GV (2012). Development of experimental structure and influence of high CO2 concentration in maize crop. Eng. Agríc. Jaboticabal, 32 (2): 306-314.
  • Jiang Y and Huang B (2001). Physiological Responses to Heat Stress Alone or in Combination with Drought: A Comparison between Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass. Hortscience, 36 (4): 682-686.
  • Kim Soo-H, Gitz DC, Sicher RC, Baker JT, Timlin DJ and Reddy VR (2007). Temperature dependence of growth, development, and photosynthesis in maize under elevated CO2. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61: 224-236.
  • Koti S, Reddy KR, Kakani VG, Zhao D and Gao W (2007). Effects of carbon dioxide, temperature and ultraviolet-B radiation and their interactions on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60: 1-10.
  • Maroco JP, Edwards GE and Ku MSB (1999). Photosynthesis acclimation of maize to growth under elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Planta, 210:115-125.
  • Mulholland BJ, Craigon J, Black CR, Colls JJ, Atherton J and Landon G (1997). Impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on gas exchange and chlorophyll content in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experimental Botany, 48 (315): 1853-1863.
  • Naveed S, Aslam M, Maqbool MA, Bano S, Zaman QU and Ahmad RM (2014). Physiology of high temperature stress tolerance at reproductive stages in maize. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(4): 1141-1145.
  • Nguyan HT, Leipner J, Stamp P and Guerra-Peraza O (2009). Low temperature stress in maize (Zea mays L.) induces genes involved in photosynthesis and signal transduction as studied by suppression subtractive hybridization. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47 (2): 116-122.
  • Odiyi BO (2013). The Effects of Flooding and Drought Stress on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays, LINN) Seedlings. Journal of Biological and Food Science Research, 2 (3): 30-32.
  • Prasad PVV, Staggenborg SA and Ristic Z (2008). Impacts of Drought and/or Heat Stress on Physiological, Developmental, Growth, and Yield Processes of Crop Plants. Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling Chapter, 11 (1): 301-355.
  • Reimer R (2010). Response of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to low and high temperature: association mapping of root growth and photosynthesis-related traits. Doctora Thesis, p 98.
  • Rimski-Korsakov H, Rubio G and Lavado RS (2009). Effect of Water Stress in Maize Crop Production and Nitrogen Fertilizer Fate. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32 (4): 565-578.
  • SPSS Inc. (1999) SPSS for Windows: Base 10.0 Applications Guide. Chicago, Illinois.
  • Sullivan CY (1972) Mechanism of heat and drought resistance in grain sorghum and methods of measurement. In: Rao NGP and House LR (eds). Sorghum in the Seventies. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
  • Ur Rahman S, Arif M, Hussain K, Hussain S, Mukhtar T, Razaq A, Iqbal RA (2013). Evaluation of Maize Hybrids for Tolerance to High Temperature Stress in Central Punjab. Columbia International Publishing American Journal of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 1 (1): 30-36.

Response of Maize to Temperature, Carbon Dioxide and Irrigation Levels under the Conditions of Greenhouse

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 110 - 118, 18.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag805

Öz

Maize is one of the major cultivated crops in Turkey. There has been a significant increase in studies of maize under interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration and other factors, but the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and increasing irrigation and temperature on maize has remained unclear. In this study, the effects of different temperature regimes (16/30 °C and 22/36 °C day/night), CO2 (ambient CO2 and elevated CO2) conditions and irrigation treatments (full irrigated and reduced irrigated) on early growth characteristics of maize were studied as pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. The plant height (PH), chlorophyll content index (CCI), leaf area (LA), leaf fresh weight (FW), leaf dry weight (DW), relative water content (RWC), paraquat sensitivity index (PSI) and relative cell injury (RCI) were examined. Results suggested that the temperature was a primary important factor because of the direct influence on all observed characteristics in maize. Water stress-associated with high temperature was often considered to be a limiting factor in maize production. In addition, it was observed that CO2 and irrigation also influential climate factors depending on the temperature.

Kaynakça

  • Alberte RS, Thornber JP and Fiscus, EL (1977). Water Stress Effects on the Content and Organization of Chlorophyll in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize. Plant Physiol., 59 (3): 351-353.
  • Ammani AA, Ja’afaru AK, Aliyu JA and Arab AI (2012). Climate Change and Maize Production: Empirical Evidence from Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 16 (1): 1-8.
  • Anonymous (2009). The climatic data of Aydin province. The General Director of State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey (Accessed to web: 07.02.2014).
  • Anonymous (2014). Growth Response to Very High CO2 Concentrations (Terrestrial Plants) http://www.co2science.org/subject/v/summaries/veryhighco2.php (Accessed to web: 10.02.2014).
  • Arjenaki FG, Jabbari R and Morshedi A (2012). Evaluation of drought stress on relative water cotent, chlorophyll content and mineral elements of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4 (11): 726-729.
  • Baczek-Kwinta R and Koscielniak J (2003). Anti-oxidative effect of elevated CO2 concentration in the air on maize hybrids subjected to severe chill. Photosynthetica, 41: 161-165.
  • Barr HD and Weatherley PE (1962). A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficit in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Science, 15: 413-428.
  • Bilgin O, Baser I, Korkut KZ, Balkan A ve Saglam N (2008). The Impacts on Seedling Root Growth of Water and Salinity Stress in Maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14 (3): 313-320.
  • Bunce JA (2014) Corn Growth Response to Elevated CO2 Varies with the Amount of Nitrogen Applied. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5 (3): 306-312.
  • Cairns JE, Sonder K, Zaidi PH, Verhulst PN, Mahuku G, Babu R, Nair SK, Das B, Govaerts B, Vinayan MT, Rashid Z, Noor JJ, Devi P, Vicente FS and Prasanna BM (2012). Maize production in a changing climate: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies. Advances in Agronomy, 114:1-65.
  • Cavero J, Farre I, Debaeke P and Faci JM (2009). Simulation of Maize Yield under Water Stress with the EPICphase and CROPWAT Models. Agronomy Journal, 92: 679-690.
  • Chen J, Xu W, Velten J, Xin Z and Stout J (2012). Characterization of maize inbred lines for drought and heat tolerance. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 67 (5): 354-364.
  • Coskun Y, Coskun A, Demirel U ve Ozden M (2011). Physiological response of maize (Zea mays L.) to high temperature stress. AJCS., 5 (8): 966-972.
  • Cubasch U, Meehl GA, Boer GJ, Stouffer RJ, Dix M, Noda A, Senior CA, Raper S and Yap KS (2001). Projections of future climate change, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis: Contribution of WGI to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, p. 525-582.
  • Cakmak I (1994). Activity of ascorbate-dependent H2O2-scavenging enzymes and leaf chlorosis are enhanced in magnesium-and potassium-deficient leaves, but not in phosphorus-deficient leaves. J. Exp. Bot., 45: 1259-1266.
  • Demir I, Kılıc G, Coskun M ve Sumer UM (2008). Türkiye’de maksimum, minium ve ortalama hava sıcaklıkları ile yağış dizilerinde gözlenen değişiklikler ve eğilimler. TMMOB İklim Değişimi Sempozyumu, 13-14 Mart 2008, s.69-84, Ankara.
  • Easterling WE, Aggarwal PK, Batima P, Brander KM, Erda L, Howden SM, Kirilenko A, Morton J, Soussana JF, Schmidhuber J and Tubiello FN (2007). Food, fibre and forest products. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 273-313.
  • Farooq M, Bramley H, Palta JA and Siddique KHM (2011). Heat Stress in Wheat during Reproductive and Grain-Filling Phases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30: 1-17.
  • Gholamin R, Khayatnezhad M (2011). The effect of end season drought stress on the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield in maize cultivars. Scientific Research and Essays, 6 (25): 5351-5357.
  • Human JJ, Du Preez WH and De Bruyn LP (1990). The Influence of Plant Water Stress on Net Photosynthesis and Leaf Area of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 164 (3): 194–201.
  • Hussain I (2009). Genetics of drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Breeding and Genetics Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. P. 158.
  • IPCC (2002). Climate change and biodiversity, Edited by: Gitay, H., A. Saurez, R.T. Watson, and D.J. Dokken. IPPC (Intergovermantal panel on Climate Change)-Tecnical paper 5, ISBN:92-9169-104-7, p. 76.
  • João B, da Silva L, Ferreira PA, Pereira EG, Costa LC and Miranda GV (2012). Development of experimental structure and influence of high CO2 concentration in maize crop. Eng. Agríc. Jaboticabal, 32 (2): 306-314.
  • Jiang Y and Huang B (2001). Physiological Responses to Heat Stress Alone or in Combination with Drought: A Comparison between Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass. Hortscience, 36 (4): 682-686.
  • Kim Soo-H, Gitz DC, Sicher RC, Baker JT, Timlin DJ and Reddy VR (2007). Temperature dependence of growth, development, and photosynthesis in maize under elevated CO2. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61: 224-236.
  • Koti S, Reddy KR, Kakani VG, Zhao D and Gao W (2007). Effects of carbon dioxide, temperature and ultraviolet-B radiation and their interactions on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60: 1-10.
  • Maroco JP, Edwards GE and Ku MSB (1999). Photosynthesis acclimation of maize to growth under elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Planta, 210:115-125.
  • Mulholland BJ, Craigon J, Black CR, Colls JJ, Atherton J and Landon G (1997). Impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on gas exchange and chlorophyll content in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experimental Botany, 48 (315): 1853-1863.
  • Naveed S, Aslam M, Maqbool MA, Bano S, Zaman QU and Ahmad RM (2014). Physiology of high temperature stress tolerance at reproductive stages in maize. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(4): 1141-1145.
  • Nguyan HT, Leipner J, Stamp P and Guerra-Peraza O (2009). Low temperature stress in maize (Zea mays L.) induces genes involved in photosynthesis and signal transduction as studied by suppression subtractive hybridization. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47 (2): 116-122.
  • Odiyi BO (2013). The Effects of Flooding and Drought Stress on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays, LINN) Seedlings. Journal of Biological and Food Science Research, 2 (3): 30-32.
  • Prasad PVV, Staggenborg SA and Ristic Z (2008). Impacts of Drought and/or Heat Stress on Physiological, Developmental, Growth, and Yield Processes of Crop Plants. Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling Chapter, 11 (1): 301-355.
  • Reimer R (2010). Response of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to low and high temperature: association mapping of root growth and photosynthesis-related traits. Doctora Thesis, p 98.
  • Rimski-Korsakov H, Rubio G and Lavado RS (2009). Effect of Water Stress in Maize Crop Production and Nitrogen Fertilizer Fate. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32 (4): 565-578.
  • SPSS Inc. (1999) SPSS for Windows: Base 10.0 Applications Guide. Chicago, Illinois.
  • Sullivan CY (1972) Mechanism of heat and drought resistance in grain sorghum and methods of measurement. In: Rao NGP and House LR (eds). Sorghum in the Seventies. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
  • Ur Rahman S, Arif M, Hussain K, Hussain S, Mukhtar T, Razaq A, Iqbal RA (2013). Evaluation of Maize Hybrids for Tolerance to High Temperature Stress in Central Punjab. Columbia International Publishing American Journal of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 1 (1): 30-36.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İlkay Yavaş Bu kişi benim

Aydın Ünay Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavaş, İ., & Ünay, A. (2016). Response of Maize to Temperature, Carbon Dioxide and Irrigation Levels under the Conditions of Greenhouse. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 32(3), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag805