Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.) Yemlerinde Alternatif Protein Kaynağı Olarak Balık Unu Yerine Tavuk Unu Kullanma Olanakları: Büyüme Performansı ve Birim Balık Maliyeti

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 65 - 70, 30.04.2022

Murat Bilgüven

https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1098576

Cited By: 1

Öz

Daha ucuz balık yetiştirmenin temel yolu, balık yemlerinde önemli bir yeri olan balık unu yerine alternatif olabilecek protein kaynaklarının kullanılmasıdır. Bu amaçla araştırmada gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yemlerinde hem yerli üretimimiz hem de balık ununa oranla daha ucuz olan tavuk unu, balık ununun bir kısmı ya da tamamı (balık unu proteininin % 25, 50, 75 ve 100’ü) yerine kullanılmıştır. Kontrol yeminde ise tavuk unu yer almamıştır. Deneme yemleri benzeri protein (%43 HP) ve enerji (13.28 MJ SE.kg-1) içeriğine sahip olarak hazırlanmıştır. Ortalama 50,6±1.35 g olan 300 adet balığın kullanıldığı deneme 10 hafta sürmüştür. Deneme sonunda, I, II, II, IV nolu yemler ile V nolu yem arasında besi boyunca ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı (OCAA) ve yem tüketimi açısından bulunan farklılık önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO) ve proteinden yararlanma oranı (PYO) söz konusu olduğunda ise farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Ancak 1 kg balık üretme maliyetine bakıldığında en ucuz balığın IV ve V nolu yemler ile beslenen gruplardan elde edilmesine (P<0.05) karşın bu gruplardaki balıkların I, II ve III nolu grupların ortalama canlı ağırlığına ulaşmasının haftalar alacağı aşikardır. Sonuç olarak normal bir balık gelişimi süreci bakımından tavuk ununun alabalık yemlerinde balık unu proteininin % 75’i yerine kadar kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gökkuşağı alabalığı, tavuk unu, büyüme performansı, besi maliyeti, balık unu

Destekleyen Kurum

Mersin Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

2021-1-TP2-4382

Possibilities of Using Poultry By-product Meal Instead of Fish Meal As An Alternative Protein Source In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.) Feeds: Growth Performance and Unit Production Cost

Öz

The way to grow cheaper fish is to use protein sources that can be an alternative to fish meal that is considered on the most expensive feed ingredient in fish feeds. For this purpose, poultry by-product meal (PBM) which is locally sourced and cheaper than fish meal, was used to replace 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of fish meal protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) poultry by-product meal was not included in the control feed. Feeds in this investigation were prepared as similar protein (43% CP) and digestible energy (13.28 MJ. DE kg-1) levels. A total of 300 rainbow trout with 50.6±1.35 g of awerage initial weight were used in the investigation. All the diets including the control were fed the rainbow trout in triplicate for 70 days. At the end of the trial, the difference between feeds I, II, II, IV and feed V was significant in terms of average live weight gain (ALWG) and feed consumption throughout the investigation (P<0.05). No difference was observed in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein conversion ratio (PER). However, considering the cost of producing 1 kg of fish, it is obvious that although the cheapest fish is obtained from the group fed with IV and V feeds (P<0.05), it will take weeks for the fish in these groups to reach the average live weight of groups I, II and III. As a result, it was concluded that poultry by-product meal could be used instead of 75% of fish meal protein in trout feeds in terms of a normal fish development process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rainbow trout, fish meal, poultry by-product meal, growth performance, fattening cost

Proje Numarası

2021-1-TP2-4382

Kaynakça

• Anonymous (2021). SPSS (v.26), IBM Co., USA .
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
• Bilgüven M (2002). Yemler Bilgisi, Yem Teknolojisi ve Balık Besleme, ISBN: 975-8534-03-3, Akademisyen Yayınevi, Rize.
• Bligh EG and Dyer WG (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911-917.
• Chaklader MDR, Siddik MAB and Fotedar R (2020). Total replacement of fishmeal with poultry byproduct meal affected the growth, muscle quality, histological structure, antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer. PLoS One. 2019; 14(4): e0215025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242079
• Davies SJ, Williamson J, Robinson M and Bateson R (1991). Practical inclusion levels of common animal by-products in complete diets for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters). In: S.J. Kaushik, P. Luquet (Eds.), Fish Nutrition in Practice, INRA, Paris: 325-332.
• Gouveia AJR (1992). The use of poultry by-product and hydrolised feather meal as a feed for rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss). Publicacoes Do Instituto de Zoologia, No:227, 24 pp
• Gümüş E ve Aydın B (2013). Effect of poultry by-product meal on growth performance and fatty acid composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13: 827 – 834.
• Hardy RW (2000). New development in aquatic feed ingredients, and potential of enzyme supplements. Simposium Internacional de Nutricion Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
• Howe EE, Jansen GR and Gilfillan EW (1965). Amino acid supplementation of cereal grains as related to the world food supply. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 16:315–320.
• Özaslan T (2004). Hayvan Beslemede Tavuk Unu Kullanımı ve Önemi. National Renderers Association (NRA), Çukurova Öğrenci Seminerleri Dizisi-2. Mayıs-2004, Adana.
• Sevgili H, Ertürk MM (2004). Effects of replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal on growth performance in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Akdeniz Ün. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17(2): 161-167.
• Steel RGD and Torrie J (1981). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A biometric Approach. 2nd Edition, Mc Graw Hill International Book Co., Singapore City.
• Steffens W (1989). Principles Of Fish Nutrition. Ellis Horwood Limited Press. New York.
• Turan ZM (1995). Araştırma ve Deneme Metotları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Notları, No:62, Bursa, 121s.
• Wang Y, Guo JP, Bureau D And Cuı Z (2006). Replacement of fish meal by rendered animal protein ingredients in feeds for cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides). Aquaculture, 252 (2-4): 476-483.
• Yanık, T. And Aras, S. (1999). Mezbaha yan ürünleri unlarının gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavru yemlerinde balık unu yerine kullanılmalarının ekonomik analizi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 23; Ek Sayı 1:155-160.
• Yiğit M, Erdem M, Koshio S, Ergün S, Türker A and Karaali B (2006). Substituting fish meal with poultry by-product meal in diets for black sea turbot Psetta maeotica. Aquaculture Nutrition. 12:34-347.
• Yones AMM and Metwalli AA (2015). Effects of Fish Meal Substitution with Poultry By-product Meal on Growth Performance, Nutrients Utilization and Blood Contents of Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Aquaculture, 7 (1): 1-6.