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Tarımsal Ürün Silolarında Yapısal Sorunlar

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 2011 Sayı: 2, 85 - 96, 01.06.2011

Öz

Tarımsal ürünlerin hasat sonrası bozulmadan ve herhangi bir zarara uğramadan tüketime sunulana kadar muhafazası amacıyla depolama yapılarına gereksinim vardır. Bu amaçla farklı kesit, yükseklik ve geometrik özellikler taşıyabilen depolama yapıları tasarlanmaktadır. Tasarımı yapılan depolama yapılarından birisi de silolardır. Hatalı tasarım, kullanım ve bakım nedeniyle silolarda sorunlar gözlenmektedir. Silolarda gözlenen en yaygın sorunlar deformasyon, burkulma, çatlama ve çökmedir. Uygun tasarım, inşa, kullanım ve bakım daha uzun hizmet süresi sağlayabilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında tarımsal ürün silolarında gözlemlenen yapısal başarısızlıklar üzerinde durulmuş ve konuya yönelik bazı öneriler getirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • ACI 313., 1977. Recomended Practice for Design and Construction Bins, Silos, and Bunkers for Storing Granular. American Concrete Institue.
  • AS 3774, 1996. Loads on Bulk Solids Containers. Satandards Association of Australia, Homebush, NSW 2140.
  • Ayuga, F., Aguado, P, Gallego, E, Ramirez, Á., 2005. New Steps Towards The Knowledge of Silos Behaviour. International Agrophysics, 19, 7-17.
  • Blight, G.E., 1990. Defects in Accepted Methods of Estimating Design Loadings for Silos. Proceedings Institution Circle Engineers, 88, Part I, pp.1015- 1036.
  • Blight, G.E., 1992. Temperature-Induced Loadings on Silo Walls. Structural Engineering Review, 1, 61-71.
  • Carson, J.W. Jenkyn, R.T., 1993. Load Development and Structural Considerations in Silo Design. Presented at Reliable Flow of Particulate Solid II, Oslo, Norway.
  • Carson, J.W., 2000. Silo Failures: Case Histories and Lessons Learned. Third Israeli Conference for Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids, Dead Sea Israel.
  • Carson, J.W., 2008. Hopper/Bin Design. In: Bulk Solids Handling, Equipment Selection and Operation (ed. McGlinchey D.), pp.68-98, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • DIN 1055, 1964. Design Loads for Buildings: Loads in Silos. Germany Standards.
  • Eurocode 1, 2003. Basis of Design and Actions on Structures (EN 1991-4), Part 4: Actions in Silo and Tanks. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels.
  • Gaylord, E.H., Gaylord, C.N., 1984. Design of Steel Bins for Storage of Bulk Solids. Prentice-Hall.
  • Gorenc, B.E., T.J., Hogan and J.M. Rotter, 1986. Guidelines Forth he Assessment of Loads on Bulk Solids Containers. The Institution of Engineers, Australia.
  • Greiner, R., Derler, P., 1985. Effect of Imperfections on Wind–Loaded Cylindirical Shells. Thin-Walled Structures, 23, 271-281.
  • Janssen, H.A., 1895. Versuche uber Getreidedruck in Silozellen (Experiments about Pressure of Grain in silos). Zeitschrift Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, 39, 1045-1049.
  • Jenike, A.W., 1964. Storage and Flow of Solids. University of Utah Engineering, Experiment Station, Bulletin 123.
  • Jenkyn, R.T., Goodwill, D.,1987. Silo Failures: Lessons to be Learned. Engineering Digest.
  • Khazra, A., 1989. Stress and Buckling Analysis of Grain Silos Under Snow or Wind Loads. Civil Engineering, University of Illions at Urbana- Champaing, Ph.D. Thesis, 602p.
  • Kibar H., Öztürk T., Esen, B., 2008. Taneli Tarımsal Ürünler Için Akış Profilleri ve Silolamada Karşılaşılan Sorunlar. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 25: 61-67.
  • Li, H.Y., 1994. Analysis of Steel Silo Structures on Discrete Supports. Department of Civil Engineering & Building Science, The University of Edinburgh, Ph.D. Thesis, 244p.
  • Molenda, M., Horabik, J., 2005. Mechanical Properties of Granular Agro-Materials and Food Powders for Industrial Practice. Part-I Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Particulate Solids for Storage and Handling, Lublin.
  • Özel, K., 2007. Çelik Hububat Silolarının Tasarım Esasları. Yüksek Lisan Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Peschl, A.S.Z., 1977. Construction of Concrete Silos, Silo failures-an analysis of the reasons. Norwegian Society of Chartered Engineers.
  • Pircher, M., 2000. The Effects of Weld-Induced Imperfections on the Stability of Axially Loaded Steel Silos. University of Western Sydney, Ph.D. Thesis, 204p.
  • Purutyan, H., Bengston, K.E., Carson, J,W., 1994. Identifying Mechanism: Part I. Powder and Bulk Engineering, 8, 58-65. Silo Vibration
  • Rotter, J.M., 2001. Guide for The Economic Design of Circular Metal Silos. Taylor & Francis Routledge.
  • Rotter, J.M., 2008. Silo and Hopper Design for Strength. In: Bulk Solids Handling, Equipment Selection and Operation (ed. McGlinchey D.), pp.105-134. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • Rotter, J.M., 2009. Silos and Tanks in Research and Practice: State of The Art and Current Challenges. Proceedings of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) Symposium, Evolution and Trends in Design, Analysis and Construction of Shell and Spatial Structures, 28 September–2 October 2009, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.
  • Takahashi, H., Yanai, H., 1973. Flow Profile and Void Fraction of Granular Solids in a Moving Bed. Powder Technology, 7, 205-214.
  • Themer, D.F., 1969. Failures of Reinforced Concrete Grain Silos. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 460-477.
  • Trahair, N.S., Abel, A., Ansourian, P., Irvine, H.M., Rotter, J.M., 1983. Structual Design of Steel Bins for Bulk Solids, Australian Institute of Steel Construction LTD, Sydney.
  • Zhao, Y., 2001. Stability and Strength of Steel Silo Transition Junctions. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Ph.D. Thesis, 439p.
  • Waters, A.J., Drescher, A., 2000. Modeling Plug Flow in Bins/Hoppers. Powder Technology, 113: 168-175.
  • Watson, G.R., Rotter, J.M., 1996. A Finite Element Kinematic Analysis of Planar Granular Solids Flow. Chemical Engineering Science, 51, 3967-3978.

The Structural Failures in The Agricultural Crop Silos

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 2011 Sayı: 2, 85 - 96, 01.06.2011

Öz

Storage structures are needed for agricultural products until they are served to markets without any spoilage, damage and lose. For this aim, the storage structures have different cross-section, elevation, and geometric features are designed. One of designed the storage structures is also the silos. Failures are observed in silos due to improper design, operation and maintenance. Deformation, buckling, cracks and collapse are the most common failures observed in silos. Proper design, construction, operation and maintenance can provide longer service lives. In this study, it is emphasized on structural failures observed in agricultural crop silos and some suggestions have been made to the subject.

Kaynakça

  • ACI 313., 1977. Recomended Practice for Design and Construction Bins, Silos, and Bunkers for Storing Granular. American Concrete Institue.
  • AS 3774, 1996. Loads on Bulk Solids Containers. Satandards Association of Australia, Homebush, NSW 2140.
  • Ayuga, F., Aguado, P, Gallego, E, Ramirez, Á., 2005. New Steps Towards The Knowledge of Silos Behaviour. International Agrophysics, 19, 7-17.
  • Blight, G.E., 1990. Defects in Accepted Methods of Estimating Design Loadings for Silos. Proceedings Institution Circle Engineers, 88, Part I, pp.1015- 1036.
  • Blight, G.E., 1992. Temperature-Induced Loadings on Silo Walls. Structural Engineering Review, 1, 61-71.
  • Carson, J.W. Jenkyn, R.T., 1993. Load Development and Structural Considerations in Silo Design. Presented at Reliable Flow of Particulate Solid II, Oslo, Norway.
  • Carson, J.W., 2000. Silo Failures: Case Histories and Lessons Learned. Third Israeli Conference for Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids, Dead Sea Israel.
  • Carson, J.W., 2008. Hopper/Bin Design. In: Bulk Solids Handling, Equipment Selection and Operation (ed. McGlinchey D.), pp.68-98, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • DIN 1055, 1964. Design Loads for Buildings: Loads in Silos. Germany Standards.
  • Eurocode 1, 2003. Basis of Design and Actions on Structures (EN 1991-4), Part 4: Actions in Silo and Tanks. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels.
  • Gaylord, E.H., Gaylord, C.N., 1984. Design of Steel Bins for Storage of Bulk Solids. Prentice-Hall.
  • Gorenc, B.E., T.J., Hogan and J.M. Rotter, 1986. Guidelines Forth he Assessment of Loads on Bulk Solids Containers. The Institution of Engineers, Australia.
  • Greiner, R., Derler, P., 1985. Effect of Imperfections on Wind–Loaded Cylindirical Shells. Thin-Walled Structures, 23, 271-281.
  • Janssen, H.A., 1895. Versuche uber Getreidedruck in Silozellen (Experiments about Pressure of Grain in silos). Zeitschrift Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, 39, 1045-1049.
  • Jenike, A.W., 1964. Storage and Flow of Solids. University of Utah Engineering, Experiment Station, Bulletin 123.
  • Jenkyn, R.T., Goodwill, D.,1987. Silo Failures: Lessons to be Learned. Engineering Digest.
  • Khazra, A., 1989. Stress and Buckling Analysis of Grain Silos Under Snow or Wind Loads. Civil Engineering, University of Illions at Urbana- Champaing, Ph.D. Thesis, 602p.
  • Kibar H., Öztürk T., Esen, B., 2008. Taneli Tarımsal Ürünler Için Akış Profilleri ve Silolamada Karşılaşılan Sorunlar. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 25: 61-67.
  • Li, H.Y., 1994. Analysis of Steel Silo Structures on Discrete Supports. Department of Civil Engineering & Building Science, The University of Edinburgh, Ph.D. Thesis, 244p.
  • Molenda, M., Horabik, J., 2005. Mechanical Properties of Granular Agro-Materials and Food Powders for Industrial Practice. Part-I Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Particulate Solids for Storage and Handling, Lublin.
  • Özel, K., 2007. Çelik Hububat Silolarının Tasarım Esasları. Yüksek Lisan Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Peschl, A.S.Z., 1977. Construction of Concrete Silos, Silo failures-an analysis of the reasons. Norwegian Society of Chartered Engineers.
  • Pircher, M., 2000. The Effects of Weld-Induced Imperfections on the Stability of Axially Loaded Steel Silos. University of Western Sydney, Ph.D. Thesis, 204p.
  • Purutyan, H., Bengston, K.E., Carson, J,W., 1994. Identifying Mechanism: Part I. Powder and Bulk Engineering, 8, 58-65. Silo Vibration
  • Rotter, J.M., 2001. Guide for The Economic Design of Circular Metal Silos. Taylor & Francis Routledge.
  • Rotter, J.M., 2008. Silo and Hopper Design for Strength. In: Bulk Solids Handling, Equipment Selection and Operation (ed. McGlinchey D.), pp.105-134. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  • Rotter, J.M., 2009. Silos and Tanks in Research and Practice: State of The Art and Current Challenges. Proceedings of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) Symposium, Evolution and Trends in Design, Analysis and Construction of Shell and Spatial Structures, 28 September–2 October 2009, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.
  • Takahashi, H., Yanai, H., 1973. Flow Profile and Void Fraction of Granular Solids in a Moving Bed. Powder Technology, 7, 205-214.
  • Themer, D.F., 1969. Failures of Reinforced Concrete Grain Silos. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 460-477.
  • Trahair, N.S., Abel, A., Ansourian, P., Irvine, H.M., Rotter, J.M., 1983. Structual Design of Steel Bins for Bulk Solids, Australian Institute of Steel Construction LTD, Sydney.
  • Zhao, Y., 2001. Stability and Strength of Steel Silo Transition Junctions. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Ph.D. Thesis, 439p.
  • Waters, A.J., Drescher, A., 2000. Modeling Plug Flow in Bins/Hoppers. Powder Technology, 113: 168-175.
  • Watson, G.R., Rotter, J.M., 1996. A Finite Element Kinematic Analysis of Planar Granular Solids Flow. Chemical Engineering Science, 51, 3967-3978.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hakan Kibar Bu kişi benim

Turgut Öztürk Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 2011 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kibar, H., & Öztürk, T. (2011). Tarımsal Ürün Silolarında Yapısal Sorunlar. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 2011(2), 85-96.