The printer insects in quarantine list of Turkey

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 2010 Sayı: 2, 9 - 19, 01.06.2010

Ayşe Yeşilayar Sultan Çobanoğlu

Öz

Quarantine pests are very important in the world. There were 66 insects listed in agricultural quarantine regulations in law no. 6968 in Turkey, 28 of there are causing damage in the Turkey forests. Among them 17 scolytid species. The bark beetles listed in the forest quarantine list of Turkey were discussed in this paper.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coleoptera, Scolytidae, quarantine

Türkiye Karantina Listesinde Yer Alan Yazıcı Böcekler

Öz

Dünyada ve ülkemizde karantinada yer alan zararlılar oldukça önemlidir. Türkiye?de 6968 sayılı Zirai Karantina Kanunu?na bağlı zirai karantina yönetmeliğinde yer alan 66 adet böceğin 28 tanesi ormanlarda zarara neden olurlar ve bunlardan sadece 17?si Scolytidae familyasına bağlı yazıcı böcek türüdür. Bu makalede Türkiye ormanlarında bulunan ve ülke karantina listesinde yer alan yazıcı böcekler (Scolytidae; Coleoptera) ele alınmıGtır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman, yazıcı böcekler Scolytidae, Coleoptera

Kaynakça

• Amman, G. D.; M. D. McGregor; R. E. and Dolph, Jr. 1985. Mountain pine beetle. USDA Forest Service. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet 2. 11 p.
• Anonim, 2001. Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Ormancılık Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. DPT: 2531 . ÖİK: 547, 553 s.
• Anonim, 2006. http://www.ogm.gov.tr/yangin/z1.htm..
• Anonim, 2007. Ölü Ağaçlar-Yaşayan Ormanlar. WWF Teknik Bülteni, 15 s.
• Anonim, 2009. Zararlı Risk Analizinin Geliştirilmesi Eppo Panel Toplantısı (Panel on PRA Development). 14-17 Aralık York/İngiltere. Anonim, 2010a. http://www.kuzeymavi.com/firtina/f4.html. Anonim 2010b. http://www.ogm.gov.tr/maps/turkiye/orman1.html.
• Anonymous, 2010a. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ips calligraphus. Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml 90/399003, 1-6.
• Anonymous, 2010b. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ips confusus and Ips paraconfusus, EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml 90/399003, 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010c. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ips grandicollis EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003, http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010d. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ips lecontei EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003, http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml. 1-4.
• Anonymous, 2010e. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ips plastographus EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003,1-4. http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml.
• Anonymous, 2010f. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ips pini EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPOfor the EU underContract90/399003,1-5. http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml.
• Anonymous, 2010g. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Dendroctonus adjunctus EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml. 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010h. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Dendroctonus brevicornis EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.h tml 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010i. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Dendroctonus frontalis Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under. Contract http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.html 1-6.
• Anonymous, 2010j. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Dendroctonus ponderosae EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.html. 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010k. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Dendroctonus rufipennis EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.html. 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010l. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.html 1-5.
• Anonymous, 2010ş. http://byfiles.storage.live.com. Anonymous, 2010t. http://www.animalpicturesarchive.com/Thumb03/thum b-1132897409.jpg.05.2010 Anonymous, 2010u. http://www.forestry.ubc.ca/fetch21/FRST308/lab6/den droctonus_pseudotsugae/boring.jpg.05.2010 Anonymous, 2010ü. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pestrava/de nmic/images/denmica.jpg.05.2010 Anonymous, 2010v. http://www.angelfire.com/fl4/yuksel.05.2010 Anonymous, 2010y. http://www.invasive.org/images.05.2010. Anonymous, 2010z.http://www.kaparorganik.com.tr/sub/sayfaici_li nkler/m_36_clip_image.05.2010
• Bevan, D. 1987. Forest insects. A guide to insects feeding on trees in Britain. Forestry Commission, Handbook No. 1. HMSO, London, UK.
• Bevan, D.and King, C.J. 1983. Dendroctonus micans Kug., a new pest of spruce in U.K. Commonwealth Forest Review 62, 41-51.
• Browne, F.G. 1979. Additions to the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 106, 85-86.
• Bright, D.E. 1976. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 2. The bark beetles of Canada and Alaska. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication No. 1576. Information Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• Bright, D.E.; Stark, R.W. 1973. The bark and ambrosia beetles of California. Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey No. 16, pp. 1-169.
• Cane, J.H., M.W. Stock, D.L. Wood, and S.J. Gast. 1990. Phylogenetic relationships of Ips bark beetles (Coleoptera, morphometric analyses of the grandicollis group. Biochem. Syt. Ecol. 18: 359-368. and
• Chararas, C. 1962 A biological study of the scolytids of coniferous trees,. Encyclopedie Entomologique 38. p. Lechevalier, Paris, France. 556p.
• Chararas, C., 1966. Picea orientalis‟e Arız Olan Ips sexdentatus ve Diğer Kabuk Böcekleri. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(1): 3–37.
• Christiansen, E and; Bakke, A., 1997. Does drought reallyenhance Ips Scandinavian perspective, J.C. Grégoire, A.M. Liebhold, F.M. Stephen, K.R. Day, and S.M. Salom, editors, Interating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests, Usda Forest Service General Technical Report NE-236, 204-212.
• Connor, M.D. and Wilkinson, R.C. 1983. Ips bark beetles in the South. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 129, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
• Çanakçıoğlu, H. ve Mol, T. 1998. Orman Entomolojisi: Zararlı ve Yararlı Böcekler, İ.Ü. Yayın No: 4063, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 451, İstanbul, 541 s.
• Defne, M., 1954. Ips sexdentatus Boerner Kabuk Böceğinin Çoruh Ormanlarındaki Durumu Ve Tevlit Ettiği Zararlar. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2): 80–91.
• Eickwort, J.M., Mayfield, A.E. and Foltz, J.L. 2006. Ips Engraver Scolytinae) Florida Dept. Agriculture & Con. Serv. Division of Plant Industry. Entomology Circular No. 417 May 2006, 4pp. Curculionidae:
• Elsner G 1997 Relationships between cutting time in winter and breeding success of Ips cembrae in larch timber. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 11, 653– 657.
• Ferro, M.L. 2006. The Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Scolytinae) (Curculionidae: Interactive Web-based Key. of Louisiana: An
• Furniss, R.L. and Carolin, V.M. 1977. Western forest insects (Scolytidae, Publications, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service No. 1339,pp. 1-654. Miscellaneous
• Geray, U., 1998. Orman Kaynakları Yönetimi, DPT Yayını, 115, Ankara.
• Grégoire, J.C. 1988. The greater European spruce beetle. In: Dynamics of forest insect populations (Ed. by Berryman, A.), pp. 455-478. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, USA.
• Lieutier, F.,Cheniclet, C. and Garcia, J. 1989. Comparison of the defense reactions of Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris to attacks by two bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Environmental-Entomology 18, 228-234. associated fungi.
• Luitjes J 1974. Ips cembrae, a new noxious forest insect in the Netherlands. Nederlands Bosbouw Tijdschrift 46, 244–246 (in Dutch).
• Lucht, D.D., Frye, R.H. and Schmid, J.M. 1974. Emergence and attack behavior of Dendroctonus adjunctus near Cloudcroft, New Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 67, 610-612.
• Joel D. McMillin, J.D.and. DeGomez, T. E. 2008. Arizona Fivespined Ips, Ips lecontei Swaine, in the Southwestern United States. Revised, December, 2008. US Deparment of Agculture, 8 pp.
• McMillin, J.D. and DeGomez, T. 2008. Arizona Fivespined Ips, Ips lecontei Swaine, in the Southwestern United States. Forest Insect and Disease Lealeft 116. US Department of Agriculture, Forest http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/fidls/fidl-116.pdf.
• Massey, C.L.and Rodriguez Lara, R. 1967. Arizona five- spined engraver. In: Important forest insects and diseases of mutual concern to Canada, the United States and Mexico, Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Ottawa, Canada 219-220.
• Miller, J.M.and Keen, F.P.1960. Biology and control of the western pine beetle. A summary of the first fifty years of research. Miscellaneous Publications, United States Department of Agriculture No. 800, pp. 1-381.
• Nobuchi, A. 1974. Studiee on Scolytidae XII . The bark beetles of the tribe Ipini in Japan (Coleoptera). Bull. Gov. For. Exp. Ta. No. 266, 33-60.
• Öymen, T. 1992. The Forest Scolytidae of Turkey. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri:A, 42: 77-91.
• Öymen, T and Selmi, E. 1997. The Forest Bark Beetles of Turkey and their Epidemi. In: Proceedings of XI. World Forestry Congress, 13-22 October, 1997 Antalya, Vol. 1 .200p.
• Poland, T.M.and Borden, J.H. 1994. Attack dynamics of Ips pini and Pityogenes knechteli in windthrown lodgepole Entomology 117, 434-443. Journal of Applied
• Raffa, K.F.; Smalley, E.B. 1988. Seasonal and long-term responses of host trees to microbial associates of the pine engraver, Ips pini. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, 1624-1634.
• Redfern D.B, Stoakley J.T, Steele H and Minter D.W 1987. Dieback and death of larch caused by Ceratocystis laricicola sp. nov. following attack by Ips cembrae. Plant Pathology 36, 467–480.
• Sarıkaya, O., 2008. Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi İğne Yapraklı Ormanlarının Scolytidae (Coleoptera) Faunası. Süleyman Demirel Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Enst., Isparta Orman yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, 240 s. Ana Bilim Dalı,
• Sekendiz, O.A., 1991. Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach.‟nın Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü Ormanlarındaki Zararlı Böcekleri İle Koruma ve Savaş Yöntemleri. OGM Yayınları, Yayın No: 678, Sıra No: 73, 200 s.
• Schmid, J.M. and Frye, R.H., 1977 Spruce beetle in the Rockies. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-49
• Schneider, H.J. 1977. Exxperience in the control of the large larch bark betle in stands of low vitality. Allgemeine Forst Zeistschrft 32, 1115-116 (in German).
• Schimitschek, E. 1939. The mass reproduction of Ips sexdentatus Börner in regions of oriental spruce. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 26, 545-588.
• Schönherr, J.; Vité, J.P.and Serez, M. 1983. Monitoring and control of Ips sexdentatus populations by using synthetic pheromone. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 95, 51-53.
• Selmi, E. 1998. Türkiye Kabuk Böcekleri ve Savaşı, İ. Ü. Yayınları, Emek Matbaacılık, İstanbul. Serez, M., 1984. Ips sexdentatus Savaşında Ips typographus‟un Feromon Dispenseri “Ipslure” nin Kullanılması. Karadeniz Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1: 35–43.
• Serez, M., 1987. Bazı önemli kabuk böcekleriyle savaşta feromonların kullanılma olanakları, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10 (1-2) : 99-131.
• Tosun, İ., 1975. Akdeniz Bölgesi, İğne Yapraklı Ormanlarda Zarar Yapan Böcekler ve Önemli Türlerin Parazit ve Yırtıcıları Üzerine Araştırmalar, İstanbul, 200s.
• Wilkinson, R. C. 1963. Larval instars and head capsule morphology in three souteastern Ips bark beetles. Florida Entomologist 46, 19-22.
• Wood, S.L. 1982 The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 6, 1-1359.
• Yamaoka Y, Wingfield MJ, Ohsawa M and Kuroda Y (1998) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips cembrae in Japan and their pathogenicity to Japanese larch. Mycoscience 39, 367–378.
• Yearian, W.C., Gouger, R.J. and Wilkinson, R.C. 1972. Effects of the bluestain fungus, Ceratocystis ips, on development of Ips bark beetles in pine bolts. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 65, 481-487.
• Yüksel, B. 1996. Türkiye‟de Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.)‟nde zarar yapan böcekler ve bazı türlerin yırtıcı ve parazitleri üzerine araştırmalar, Ph.D. Dissertation, KTÜ, Trabzon, 224 pp.
• Yüksel, B., 1998. Türkiye‟de Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) Ormanlarında Zarar Yapan Böcek Türleri ile Bunların Yırtıcı ve Parazitleri, Doğu Karadeniz rmancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü, Teknik Bülten No: 4, VII+143 s.
• Yüksel, B., Tozlu, G., Şentürk, M., 2000. Sarıkamış Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Ormanlarında Etkin Zarar Yapan Kabuk Böcekleri ve Bunlara Karşı Alınabilecek Önlemler. T.C. Orman Bakanlığı Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Teknik Bülten No: 3, Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 107, DAOA Yayın No:8, 66 s.
• Yüksel, B., Akbulut, S., Serin, M., Erdem, M., Baysal, İ., (2005). Ormanlarında (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)‟un Başlıca Avları İle İlişkileri Ve Biyolojik Mücadeledeki Rolü. Ladin Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, I. Cilt, 20-22 Ekim 2005, Trabzon, 195-205. Sarıçam ve Göknar (Fabr.) depressus