BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Identification of Expansive Soils and Ground Improvement Methods

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 2010 Sayı: 1, - , 01.06.2010

Öz

Swelling problems generally occur in soils containing montmorillonit group clay minerals which are often present in semi arid regions. Swelling soils may cause considerable financial loss due to damages of one or two storey light structures, pipelines, roads, airports, retaining or garden walsl etc. Through early determination of swelling behavior of soils of this type and factors affecting it, possible damages can be decreased or prevented. There are numerous studies focusing on the measurement of swelling properties of such soils, most of which use the conventional one-dimensional consolidation test that measures the swelling pressure indirectly. In this study, the swelling of soils, identification are described in general terms and methods of improvement are discussed. It was considered that the study useful for the researchers and practitioners who study on the swelling soils.

Kaynakça

  • Amer A. Al-Rawas., 1998. The factors controlling the expansive nature of the soils and rocks of northern Oman. Engineering Geology 53 (1999) 327–350.
  • Ammann L., 2003. Cation exchange and adsorption on clays and clay minerals. Submitted for the degree Dr. rer. nat.of the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences Germany. Kiel,
  • Akawwi, E., ve Al-Kharabsheh, A., 2001. “Consolidation Coefficient and Swelling Potential for the Expansive Soils in Jordan”, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (EJGE), Volume 6. Anonim, 1999. 430-VI. [Online] Available: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/ .Vanapalli, S.K., Fredlund, D.G., and Pufahl, D.E.
  • Anonymous, 1993. Soil survey manual, USDA-SCS Agric. Handb. 18. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
  • Anonymous, 2005. National Soil Survey Handbook, title430-VI / .
  • Avsar, E., Ulusay, R., Sonmez, H., 2009. “Assessments of swelling anisotropy of Ankara clay”, Engineering Geology, 105: 24–31.
  • Birand, A.A., 1963. Study of the characteristics of Ankara Clays showing swelling properties. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Cokca, E., 1991. Swelling potential of expansive soils with a critical appraisal of the identification of swelling of Ankara soils by methylene blue tests. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Coduto, D.P., 2001. Foundation Design-Principles and Practices. Second Ed., pp. 655 – 694, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA.
  • Çetin, M., 2003. Değişik çevresel koşullar altında, şişen zeminlerin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, 58 s.
  • Doruk, M., 1968. Swelling properties of clays on the METU Campus. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Erguler, Z. A., Ulusay, R., 2003a. A simple test and predictive models for assessing swell potential of Ankara (Turkey) Clay. Engineering Geology, 67: 331–352.
  • Erguler, Z. A., Ulusay, R., 2003b. “Engineering characteristics and environmental impacts of the expansive Ankara Clay, and swelling maps for SW and central parts of the Ankara (Turkey) metropolitan area”, Environmental Geology, 44: 979–992.
  • Furtun, U., 1989. An investigation on Ankara soils with regard to swelling. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Grim, R.E., 1962. Applied Clay Mineralogy. McGraw Hill Book Co. NewYork, 422p.
  • Holtz, W. G., Gibbs, H.J., 1956. Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays, ASCE Transactions, 121, 641-663.
  • Mollamahmutoğlu, M. ve Taşkıran, T., 2000. Diyarbakır İli, Kayapınar – Yeniköy - Bağcılar Yöresi Kilinin şişme Potansiyelinin İrdelenmesi, Yüksek lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği. Ankara, 52 s.
  • Omay, B., 1970. Swelling clays on METU Campus. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Ordemir, I., Alyanak, I., Birand, A.A., (1965), Report on Ankara Clay. METU Publication No. 12, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Sridharan, A. Gurtug, Y., 2004. Swelling behaviour of compacted Geology,72: 9 –18. soils. Engineering
  • Tovey, N. K., 1986. Microfabric, chemical and mineralogical Geotechnical Engineering, 17 (2), 131-166.
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources of soils: techniques, Conservation Service, 2005.
  • Uner, A.K., 1977. A comparison of engineering properties of two soil types in the Ankara region. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Van der Merwe, D.H., 1964. “The prediction of heave from the plasticity index and the percentage clay fraction”, The Civil Engineer in South Africa (South African Institution of Civil Engineer) 6, 103–107 (Day, 2001’den).
  • Xeidakis, G., Koudoumakis, P., Tsirambides, A., 2004. “Road construction on swelling soils: the case of Strymi Soils, Rhodope, Thrace, Northern Greece”, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63: 93–101.
  • Wayne, AC, Osman, MA, Elfatih, M.A., 1984. Construction on expansive soils in Sudan, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 110, No.3, pp.359-379.
  • Yıldırım, H. ve Acar, C., 1994. ‘Killi Zeminlerin şişme Davranışına Ön Yüklemenin Etkisi’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul, 60 s. Üniversitesi İnşaat

Şişen Zeminlerin Tanımlanması ve Zemin

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 2010 Sayı: 1, - , 01.06.2010

Öz

Şisme problemleri genellikle yarı-kurak iklimlerde görülen montmorillonit kil minerali içeren zeminlerde meydana gelmekte olup, gerekli önlemler alınmadıgında tek veya birkaç katlı binalara, boru hatlarına, yollara, hava limanlarına, istinat ve bahçe duvarlarına vb. hafif yapılara hasar vererek önemli maddi kayıplara neden olabilmektedir. Bu tür zeminlerin sisme davranıslarının ve bunlara etkiyen faktörlerin önceden belirlenmesi ile olusabilecek zararlar azaltılabilmekte, ya da tamamen önlenebilmektedir. Bu tür killerin sisme özelligini ölçmeye yönelik çok sayıda yöntem bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerin çogunda sisme basıncı geleneksel boyutlu konsolidasyon yöntemiyle dolaylı olarak ölçülmektedir. Bu derlemede, sisen zeminlerin tanımlanması ve sınıflandırılması genel hatlarıyla açıklanmıs olup, iyilestirme yöntemlerinden bahsedilmistir. Sisen zeminleri çalısmaya yeni baslayacak olan arastırmacılar ve uygulamacılar için faydalı olacagı düsünülmüstür.

Kaynakça

  • Amer A. Al-Rawas., 1998. The factors controlling the expansive nature of the soils and rocks of northern Oman. Engineering Geology 53 (1999) 327–350.
  • Ammann L., 2003. Cation exchange and adsorption on clays and clay minerals. Submitted for the degree Dr. rer. nat.of the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences Germany. Kiel,
  • Akawwi, E., ve Al-Kharabsheh, A., 2001. “Consolidation Coefficient and Swelling Potential for the Expansive Soils in Jordan”, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (EJGE), Volume 6. Anonim, 1999. 430-VI. [Online] Available: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/ .Vanapalli, S.K., Fredlund, D.G., and Pufahl, D.E.
  • Anonymous, 1993. Soil survey manual, USDA-SCS Agric. Handb. 18. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
  • Anonymous, 2005. National Soil Survey Handbook, title430-VI / .
  • Avsar, E., Ulusay, R., Sonmez, H., 2009. “Assessments of swelling anisotropy of Ankara clay”, Engineering Geology, 105: 24–31.
  • Birand, A.A., 1963. Study of the characteristics of Ankara Clays showing swelling properties. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Cokca, E., 1991. Swelling potential of expansive soils with a critical appraisal of the identification of swelling of Ankara soils by methylene blue tests. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Coduto, D.P., 2001. Foundation Design-Principles and Practices. Second Ed., pp. 655 – 694, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA.
  • Çetin, M., 2003. Değişik çevresel koşullar altında, şişen zeminlerin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, 58 s.
  • Doruk, M., 1968. Swelling properties of clays on the METU Campus. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Erguler, Z. A., Ulusay, R., 2003a. A simple test and predictive models for assessing swell potential of Ankara (Turkey) Clay. Engineering Geology, 67: 331–352.
  • Erguler, Z. A., Ulusay, R., 2003b. “Engineering characteristics and environmental impacts of the expansive Ankara Clay, and swelling maps for SW and central parts of the Ankara (Turkey) metropolitan area”, Environmental Geology, 44: 979–992.
  • Furtun, U., 1989. An investigation on Ankara soils with regard to swelling. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Grim, R.E., 1962. Applied Clay Mineralogy. McGraw Hill Book Co. NewYork, 422p.
  • Holtz, W. G., Gibbs, H.J., 1956. Engineering Properties of Expansive Clays, ASCE Transactions, 121, 641-663.
  • Mollamahmutoğlu, M. ve Taşkıran, T., 2000. Diyarbakır İli, Kayapınar – Yeniköy - Bağcılar Yöresi Kilinin şişme Potansiyelinin İrdelenmesi, Yüksek lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği. Ankara, 52 s.
  • Omay, B., 1970. Swelling clays on METU Campus. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Ordemir, I., Alyanak, I., Birand, A.A., (1965), Report on Ankara Clay. METU Publication No. 12, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Sridharan, A. Gurtug, Y., 2004. Swelling behaviour of compacted Geology,72: 9 –18. soils. Engineering
  • Tovey, N. K., 1986. Microfabric, chemical and mineralogical Geotechnical Engineering, 17 (2), 131-166.
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources of soils: techniques, Conservation Service, 2005.
  • Uner, A.K., 1977. A comparison of engineering properties of two soil types in the Ankara region. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Van der Merwe, D.H., 1964. “The prediction of heave from the plasticity index and the percentage clay fraction”, The Civil Engineer in South Africa (South African Institution of Civil Engineer) 6, 103–107 (Day, 2001’den).
  • Xeidakis, G., Koudoumakis, P., Tsirambides, A., 2004. “Road construction on swelling soils: the case of Strymi Soils, Rhodope, Thrace, Northern Greece”, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63: 93–101.
  • Wayne, AC, Osman, MA, Elfatih, M.A., 1984. Construction on expansive soils in Sudan, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 110, No.3, pp.359-379.
  • Yıldırım, H. ve Acar, C., 1994. ‘Killi Zeminlerin şişme Davranışına Ön Yüklemenin Etkisi’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul, 60 s. Üniversitesi İnşaat
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Saniye Demir Bu kişi benim

Mustafa Kılıç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 2010 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, S., & Kılıç, M. (2010). Şişen Zeminlerin Tanımlanması ve Zemin. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 2010(1).