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Acquiring Vermicompost Products and Their Application Alternatives through Agricultural Production

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 2007 Sayı: 2, 99 - 107, 01.06.2007

Öz

Intensive use of agro-chemicals has resulted in a tremendous public concern over the safety of natural resources that have ventured both human health and environmental quality, decreased soil quality and increased pathogen resistance. All these motivated scientists and decision makers to develop sustainable agricultural production systems which target use of organic products effective both as fertilizers and pesticides. In this respect, use of aerobic compost and vermicomposting products, improving soils in all respects, has gained a great deal of importance. Furthermore, application of vermicomposting methods as a sound, economical, and sustainable way of managing a wide diversity of organic wastes yield a valuable product called “vermicast”, which proved to be even better in respect to nutritional value, promoting plant growth, and potential disease suppression effect, suggested to have a biological nature, on damping off pathogens. Vermitecomposting ensures a low-input agricultural production system which is so vital for those of small or middle scale producers and could also compensate the decrease in yield at the beginning of transaction from traditional to organic production system. Vermicomposting technologies maintain an environmentally sound, highly economical means of sustainable agricultural production model that assures the safety of human and animal feed stock.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 1992. “Vermigro” Premium Earthworm Soil Product, sold by Canyon Recycling, San Diego, Ca. Worm watch, Education Department of South Australia.
  • Anonymous, 1997. United S.G. Survey on National Pesticide Synthesis Project. Summary (online)
  • Anonymous, 2001. Pesticides spread and their toxic reach. Report.http://www.fadinaporg/nib/nib2002_3/index .html Agrochemicals
  • Atiyeh, R, Edwards, C, Subtler, S, Metzger, J, 2000. Effect of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticultural container media and soil. Pedo Biologia, 44, 579-590.
  • Baier-Anderson, C. and Anderson, R.S. 2000. The effects of Chlorothalonil on oyster hemocyte activation: Phagocytosis, reduced pyridine nucleotides, and reactive oxygen species production. Environmental Research, 83(1), 72-78.
  • Barley, K. P. 1961. Plant nutrition levels of vermicast. Advances in Agronomy. 13, 251.
  • Boehm, M.J., Madden, L.V., And Hoitink, H.A.J. 1993. Effect of organic matter decomposition level on bacterial species diversity and composition in relationship to Pythium damping –off severity. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 59: 4171-4179.
  • Buchanan, M.A., Russell, E., Block, S.D. 1988. Chemical characterization and nitrogen earthworms in environmental C.A.Edwards and E.F. Neuhauser (Eds.), SPB Acad. Publ., the Netherlands, 231-239. In
  • Butt, K.R. 1993. Utilization of solid Paper mill sludge and spent brewery yeast as a feed for soil-dwelling earthworms. Biosource Technology, 44: 105-107.
  • Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., USA.
  • Chen, Y., Inbar,Y., Hadar, Y.1992. Uses of compost to suppress plant diseases. Biocycle, Emmaus: June, 33 (6), 48.
  • Chen, S.K., Edwards, C.A., and Subtler, S. 2001. Effects of the fungicides benaomyl, captan and chlorothalonil on soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics in laboratory incubations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33(14), 1971-1980.
  • Chernyak, S. M., Rice, C.P., and Mcconnell, L.L. 1996. Evidence of currently-used pesticides in air, ice, fog, seawater and surface micro layer in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32(5), 410-419.
  • Doube, B.M., and G.G. Brown, 1998. Life in a complex community: earthworms, organic matter, microorganisms, and plants. In Earthworm Ecology. Ed. Clive Edwards, St Lucie Press, 179-211. interactions between at and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 24: 21- 31.
  • Edwards, C.A. 1988b. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: 24:21- 31
  • Edwards, C.A. 1995. Commercial and environmental potential of vermicomposting: A historical overview. BioCycle, June, 62-63.
  • Edwards, C.A., Burrows, I., Fletcher, K.E. and Jones, B.A. 1985. The use of earthworms for composting farm wastes. In composting of Agricultural and Other Wastes. JKRGasser (Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 229-242.
  • Edwards, C.A. and Niederer, A. 1988. The Production and Processing of earthworm Protein. In earthworm in Waste and Environmental Management. C.A. Edwards and E.F. Nuehauser (eds.) SPB Academic Publishing, the Netherlands, 169-180.
  • Edwards, C.A., and Bohlen, P.J. 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. 3rd. Ed. Chapman and Hall, New York.
  • Edwards, C.A. 1998. Preface. In: C.A. Edwards (ed.) Earthworm Ecology. CRC Press, Florida, USA.
  • Edwards, C.A. and Arancon, N.Q. 2004. Interactions among microorganisms in promoting plant growth. In Functions and Management of Organic Matter in Agro ecosystems. C.A. Edwards (Editor in Chief), F. Magdoff, R. Weil (Eds.) Crc Press, Boca Raton, 327- 376. earthworms and
  • Edwards, C.A. and Burrows, I. 1988. The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media, In Earthworms and Waste Management. C.A. Edwards and E.F. Neuhauser (ed.) SPB Academic Publishing, the Netherlands, 211-220.
  • Fosgate, O.T. and Babb, M.R. 1972. Biodegradation Of Animal Wastes By Lumbricus Terrestris. J.Dairy Sci., 55: 870.
  • Fushiwaki, Y., Tase, N., Saeki, A., And Urano, K., 1990. Pollution by the fungicide Pentachloronitrobenzene in an intensive farming area in Japan. The Science of the Total Environment, 92: 55-67.
  • Hadar, Y. 1991. Control of soil-borne diseases using suppressive Phytoparasitica, 19 (2), 167. container media.
  • Handreck, K.A. 1986. Vermicomposting as components of potting media. Biocycle, October.
  • Hoitink, H.A.J., Schmitthenner, A.F., and Herr, L.J. 1975. Composted bark for control of root rot in ornamentals. Ohio Reporter, 60: 25-26.
  • Hoitink, H.A.J., Inbar, Y. and Boehm, M.J. 1991. Status of compost-amended potting mixes naturally suppressive to soil borne diseases of floricultural crops. Plant Disease, 75: 869.
  • Hoitink, H.J. 1993. Compost can suppress soil-borne diseases in container media. American Nurseryman. September, 15, 91-94.
  • Hoitink, H.J., Harry, A.J., Zhang, W. 1997. Making compost to suppress plant disease. BioCycle, 38(4), 40.
  • Hoitink, H.A.J. and Boehm, M. J. 1999. Biocontrol within the context of soil microbial communities: A substrate-dependent phenomenon. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 37: 427-446. Logsdon, G. 1994. Worldwide Progress in Vermikomposting. Biocycle, October, 63.
  • Neuhauser, E.F., Loehr, R.C., And Malecki, M.R. 1988. The Potential of earthworms for managing sewage sludge. In earthworms and Waste Management. C.A.Edwards and E.F. Neuhauser (ed.) SPB Academic Publishing, The Netherlands, 9-20.
  • Price, J.S. 1987. Development of vermicomposting system. Proceedings of the 4’the International CIEC Symposium on Agricultural Waste and Management Environmental Protection, 1: 294-300.
  • Price, J.S. And Phillips, V.R. 1990. An improved mechanical separator for removing live worms from worm-worked organic wastes. Biological wastes, 33: 25-37.
  • Schuman, S.H And Simpson W. 1997. A clinical historical overview of Pesticide health issues. Occup Med-state of the Art Rev., 12: 203-207.
  • Szczech, M.M. 1999. Suppresiveness of vermicompost against Fusarium wilt of Tomato. J. of Phytopathology, 147, 155.
  • Szczech, M. and Smolinska, U. 2001. Comparison of suppressiveness of vermicomposts produced from animal manures and sewage sludge against Phytophthora Breda de Haan var. nicotianae. Phytopath-Z, 149(2), 77-82.
  • Suthar, S. 2007. Production of vermifertilizer from guar gum industrial wastes by using composting earthworm Environmentalist, 27: 329-335. (Perrier).
  • Scheurell, S. and Mahaffee, W. 2002. Compost tea : Principles amd prospects for plant disease control. Compost Science and Utilization, 10(4), 313-338.
  • Şimşek-Erşahin, Y., 2007. Vermikest ve vermikest hümik fraksiyonlarinin hıyar (cucumis sativus l.) kök ve gövde çürüklük etmenleri Rhizoctonia solani (kühn) ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cucumerum belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. GOP Üniversitesi Fen Bil. Enstitüsü, Tokat. baskılama etkisinin
  • Zibilske, L. 2004. National Organic Standards Board. Compost Tea Task Force Report. USDA/ARS.

Vermikompost Ürünlerinin Eldesi ve Tarımsal Üretimde Kullanım Alternatifleri

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 2007 Sayı: 2, 99 - 107, 01.06.2007

Öz

Hem insan sağlığını hem de çevre güvenliğini riske atan, toprak kalitesini düşüren, patojen dayanıklılığını arttıran yoğun agro-kimyasal kullanımı doğal kaynakların güvenliği konusunda oldukça ciddi endişelere sebep olmuştur. Tüm bunlar, bilim adamlarını ve karar vericileri, biyolojik gübre ve pestisit olarak etkili organik ürünler kullanımını hedefleyen sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine yöneltmiştir. Bu alanda, her bakımdan toprak kalitesini arttıran aerobik kompost ve vermikompost ürünleri çok büyük önem kazanmıştır. Çeşitli organik çöplerin değerlendirilmesinde güvenilir, ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir bir yöntem olan vermikompost yöntemleri, bitki büyümesini teşvik edici, bitki besleme ve çürüklük etmenleri üzerinde biyolojik olduğu düşünülen baskılama etkisine sahip olan “vermikest” adı verilen ürünlerin elde edilmesini sağlarlar. Vermikompost küçük veya orta ölçekli tarım üreticileri için çok önemli olan düşük girdili üretim sistemini mümkün kılar ve gelenekselden organik tarıma geçişte başta gözlemlenen ürün düşüşünü telafi edebilir. Vermikompost teknikleri, insan ve hayvanlarda besin güvenliğini temin eden, çevre sağlığı bakımından güvenilir ve yüksek ekonomik değere sahip sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim modelini destekler.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 1992. “Vermigro” Premium Earthworm Soil Product, sold by Canyon Recycling, San Diego, Ca. Worm watch, Education Department of South Australia.
  • Anonymous, 1997. United S.G. Survey on National Pesticide Synthesis Project. Summary (online)
  • Anonymous, 2001. Pesticides spread and their toxic reach. Report.http://www.fadinaporg/nib/nib2002_3/index .html Agrochemicals
  • Atiyeh, R, Edwards, C, Subtler, S, Metzger, J, 2000. Effect of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticultural container media and soil. Pedo Biologia, 44, 579-590.
  • Baier-Anderson, C. and Anderson, R.S. 2000. The effects of Chlorothalonil on oyster hemocyte activation: Phagocytosis, reduced pyridine nucleotides, and reactive oxygen species production. Environmental Research, 83(1), 72-78.
  • Barley, K. P. 1961. Plant nutrition levels of vermicast. Advances in Agronomy. 13, 251.
  • Boehm, M.J., Madden, L.V., And Hoitink, H.A.J. 1993. Effect of organic matter decomposition level on bacterial species diversity and composition in relationship to Pythium damping –off severity. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 59: 4171-4179.
  • Buchanan, M.A., Russell, E., Block, S.D. 1988. Chemical characterization and nitrogen earthworms in environmental C.A.Edwards and E.F. Neuhauser (Eds.), SPB Acad. Publ., the Netherlands, 231-239. In
  • Butt, K.R. 1993. Utilization of solid Paper mill sludge and spent brewery yeast as a feed for soil-dwelling earthworms. Biosource Technology, 44: 105-107.
  • Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., USA.
  • Chen, Y., Inbar,Y., Hadar, Y.1992. Uses of compost to suppress plant diseases. Biocycle, Emmaus: June, 33 (6), 48.
  • Chen, S.K., Edwards, C.A., and Subtler, S. 2001. Effects of the fungicides benaomyl, captan and chlorothalonil on soil microbial activity and nitrogen dynamics in laboratory incubations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33(14), 1971-1980.
  • Chernyak, S. M., Rice, C.P., and Mcconnell, L.L. 1996. Evidence of currently-used pesticides in air, ice, fog, seawater and surface micro layer in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32(5), 410-419.
  • Doube, B.M., and G.G. Brown, 1998. Life in a complex community: earthworms, organic matter, microorganisms, and plants. In Earthworm Ecology. Ed. Clive Edwards, St Lucie Press, 179-211. interactions between at and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 24: 21- 31.
  • Edwards, C.A. 1988b. Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment: 24:21- 31
  • Edwards, C.A. 1995. Commercial and environmental potential of vermicomposting: A historical overview. BioCycle, June, 62-63.
  • Edwards, C.A., Burrows, I., Fletcher, K.E. and Jones, B.A. 1985. The use of earthworms for composting farm wastes. In composting of Agricultural and Other Wastes. JKRGasser (Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 229-242.
  • Edwards, C.A. and Niederer, A. 1988. The Production and Processing of earthworm Protein. In earthworm in Waste and Environmental Management. C.A. Edwards and E.F. Nuehauser (eds.) SPB Academic Publishing, the Netherlands, 169-180.
  • Edwards, C.A., and Bohlen, P.J. 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. 3rd. Ed. Chapman and Hall, New York.
  • Edwards, C.A. 1998. Preface. In: C.A. Edwards (ed.) Earthworm Ecology. CRC Press, Florida, USA.
  • Edwards, C.A. and Arancon, N.Q. 2004. Interactions among microorganisms in promoting plant growth. In Functions and Management of Organic Matter in Agro ecosystems. C.A. Edwards (Editor in Chief), F. Magdoff, R. Weil (Eds.) Crc Press, Boca Raton, 327- 376. earthworms and
  • Edwards, C.A. and Burrows, I. 1988. The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media, In Earthworms and Waste Management. C.A. Edwards and E.F. Neuhauser (ed.) SPB Academic Publishing, the Netherlands, 211-220.
  • Fosgate, O.T. and Babb, M.R. 1972. Biodegradation Of Animal Wastes By Lumbricus Terrestris. J.Dairy Sci., 55: 870.
  • Fushiwaki, Y., Tase, N., Saeki, A., And Urano, K., 1990. Pollution by the fungicide Pentachloronitrobenzene in an intensive farming area in Japan. The Science of the Total Environment, 92: 55-67.
  • Hadar, Y. 1991. Control of soil-borne diseases using suppressive Phytoparasitica, 19 (2), 167. container media.
  • Handreck, K.A. 1986. Vermicomposting as components of potting media. Biocycle, October.
  • Hoitink, H.A.J., Schmitthenner, A.F., and Herr, L.J. 1975. Composted bark for control of root rot in ornamentals. Ohio Reporter, 60: 25-26.
  • Hoitink, H.A.J., Inbar, Y. and Boehm, M.J. 1991. Status of compost-amended potting mixes naturally suppressive to soil borne diseases of floricultural crops. Plant Disease, 75: 869.
  • Hoitink, H.J. 1993. Compost can suppress soil-borne diseases in container media. American Nurseryman. September, 15, 91-94.
  • Hoitink, H.J., Harry, A.J., Zhang, W. 1997. Making compost to suppress plant disease. BioCycle, 38(4), 40.
  • Hoitink, H.A.J. and Boehm, M. J. 1999. Biocontrol within the context of soil microbial communities: A substrate-dependent phenomenon. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 37: 427-446. Logsdon, G. 1994. Worldwide Progress in Vermikomposting. Biocycle, October, 63.
  • Neuhauser, E.F., Loehr, R.C., And Malecki, M.R. 1988. The Potential of earthworms for managing sewage sludge. In earthworms and Waste Management. C.A.Edwards and E.F. Neuhauser (ed.) SPB Academic Publishing, The Netherlands, 9-20.
  • Price, J.S. 1987. Development of vermicomposting system. Proceedings of the 4’the International CIEC Symposium on Agricultural Waste and Management Environmental Protection, 1: 294-300.
  • Price, J.S. And Phillips, V.R. 1990. An improved mechanical separator for removing live worms from worm-worked organic wastes. Biological wastes, 33: 25-37.
  • Schuman, S.H And Simpson W. 1997. A clinical historical overview of Pesticide health issues. Occup Med-state of the Art Rev., 12: 203-207.
  • Szczech, M.M. 1999. Suppresiveness of vermicompost against Fusarium wilt of Tomato. J. of Phytopathology, 147, 155.
  • Szczech, M. and Smolinska, U. 2001. Comparison of suppressiveness of vermicomposts produced from animal manures and sewage sludge against Phytophthora Breda de Haan var. nicotianae. Phytopath-Z, 149(2), 77-82.
  • Suthar, S. 2007. Production of vermifertilizer from guar gum industrial wastes by using composting earthworm Environmentalist, 27: 329-335. (Perrier).
  • Scheurell, S. and Mahaffee, W. 2002. Compost tea : Principles amd prospects for plant disease control. Compost Science and Utilization, 10(4), 313-338.
  • Şimşek-Erşahin, Y., 2007. Vermikest ve vermikest hümik fraksiyonlarinin hıyar (cucumis sativus l.) kök ve gövde çürüklük etmenleri Rhizoctonia solani (kühn) ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cucumerum belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. GOP Üniversitesi Fen Bil. Enstitüsü, Tokat. baskılama etkisinin
  • Zibilske, L. 2004. National Organic Standards Board. Compost Tea Task Force Report. USDA/ARS.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yurdagül Şimşek Erşahin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Cilt: 2007 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erşahin, Y. Ş. (2007). Vermikompost Ürünlerinin Eldesi ve Tarımsal Üretimde Kullanım Alternatifleri. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 2007(2), 99-107.