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Effects of Soil Solarization on Sclerotia Viability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary Under Tokat Climatical Conditions

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 2005 Sayı: 1, 15 - 19, 01.06.2005

Öz

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, the causal agent of white mold, stem and fruit rot diseases of different plant species has caused serious damage to cucumber grown in greenhouses in Tokat. Control of this disease with chemical is difficult. The possibility of controlling S. sclerotiorum by using soil solarization during the months of July and August was examined. The soil was covered with transparent polyethylene sheets for six weeks. Treatments included un treated control,solarization, poultry manure and solarization incombination with poultry manure. Effects of these treatments on sclerotial viability of S. sclerotiorum were evaluated at four different soil depth (0, 2, 5, 10 cm). Mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 0, 2, 5 and 10 cm depth were 45.73, 44.80, 40.53 and 36.38 0C respectively. These temperatures were about 10 0C higher than temperatures recorded in non-solarized plots. Viabitiy of sclerotia recovered from solarized plots was significantly different than the sclerotia recovered from non-solarized plots (P=0.05). Mean sclerotial viability changed between 90-100% in non-solarized plots while all the sclerotia recovered from solarized plots were lost their viability. There was not any significan difference between solarization and solarization+poultry manure treatments. From these results it was concluded that solarization can be an effective control method of S. sclerotiorum under greenhouse conditions in Tokat.

Kaynakça

  • Abawi, G. S., and Grogan, R. G., 1975. Source of primary inoculum and effects of temperature and moisture on infection of beans by Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathol. 65:300-309.
  • Abawi, G. S., Polach, F. J., and Molin, W. T., 1975. Infection of bean by Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathol. 65:673-678.
  • Adams, P. B., 1986. Production of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor on lettuce in the field and their distribution in soil after disking. Plant Dis. 70:1043-1046.
  • Ashworth, L. J. Jr., and Gaona, S. A., 1982. Evaluation of clear Verticillium wilt established pistachio nut groves. Phytopathol. 72:243-246. for controlling
  • Ben-Yephet, Y., Stapleton, J. J., Wakeman, R.J., and DeVay, J. E., 1987. Comparative effects of soil solarisation with single nad double layers of polyethylene film on survival of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum . Phytoparasitica 15:181-185.
  • Boland, G. J., and Hall, R., 1994. Index of planthosts of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16:93- 108.
  • Cartia, G., and Asero, C., 1994. The role of temperature regarding Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the soil solarisation method. Acta Hort. 366:323-330.
  • Cook, G. E., Steadman, J. R., and Boosalis, M.G., 1975. Survival of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum and initial infection of dry edible bean in Western Nebraska. Phytopathol. 65.250-255.
  • DeVay, J. E., 1991. Historical review principles of soil solarisation. Page, 1-15 in;soil solarisation. DeVay, J. E., Stapleton, J. J., and Elmore, C. L., eds. FAO Plant Prot. Bull.
  • Huang, H. C., and Kozub, G. C. 1989. A simple method for production of apothecia from sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Prot. Bull. 31:333- 345.
  • Huang, H. C., Yanke, L. J., and Phillippe, R. C., 1993. Bacterial suppression of basal pod rot and end rot of dry peas caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Can. J. Microbiol. 39:227-233.
  • Hugerford, C. W., and Pitts, R., 1953. The sclerotinia disease of beans in Idaho. Phytopathol. 43:519-521.
  • Katan, J. 1981. Solar heating (solarisation) of soil for control of soil borne pests. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 19:211-236.
  • Katan, J., Fisher, G., and Grinstein, A., 1983. Short- and long-term effects of soil solarisation and crop sequence on Fusarium wilt and yield of cotton in Israel. Phytopathol. 73:1215-1219.
  • McQuilken, M. P., Mitchell, S. J., Budge, S. P. Whippes, J. M., Fenlon, J. S. and Archer, S. A. 1995. Effects of on sclerotial survival and apothecial production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field-grown oilseed rape. Plant Pathol. 44:883-896.
  • Oliveira, S. H. F., Recco, C. A., Sugahara, E. and Oliveira, D. A., 1995. Comparative evaluation of fungicides and conventional spray of fungicides to bean Sclerotinia Phytopathol. 21:249-252. control. Summa
  • Porter,I. J., and Merriman, P. R., 1985. Evaluation of soil solarisation for control of root diseases of row crops in Victoria. Plant Pathol. 34:108-118.
  • Steadman, J. R., 1974. Survival of sclerotia of Whetzelinia (Sclerotinia) sclerotiorum in Western Nebraska. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 17:83-84.
  • Stapleton, J. J., and DeVay, J. E. 1984. Thermal components of soil solarisation as related to exchange in soil and root microflora and increased plant growth response. Phytopathol. 74:255-259.
  • Swaminathan, J. McLead, K. L., Pay, J. M., and Stewart, A., 1999. Soil solarisation. A cultural practice to reduce sclerotiorum in New Zealand soils.New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 27:331-335. of Sclerotinia
  • Yanar, Y., and Miller, S. A., 2003. Resistance of pepper cultivars and accessions of Capsicum spp. to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis. 87:303-307.
  • Yuen, G. Y., Craig, M. L., Kerr, E. D., and Steadman, S. R., 1991. Epiphytic colonization of dry edible bean by bacteria antagonistic to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and potential for biological control of white mold disease. Biol. Control 1:293-301.

Tokat İklim Koşullarında Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary‘un Sclerotium Canlılığı Üzerine Solarizasyonun Etkisi

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 2005 Sayı: 1, 15 - 19, 01.06.2005

Öz

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) DeBary kültür bitkilerinde beyaz çürüklük, gövde ve meyve çürüklüğü olarak adlandırılan hastalıklara neden olan önemli bir fungal patojendir. Tokat ilinde de özellikle örtüaltı hıyar yetiştiriciliğinde hastalık sorun olmaya başlamıştır. Bu etmenin kimyasal kontrolünün zor olması nedeniyle Temmuz ve Ağustos ayları arasında altı hafta yapılacak solarizasyon uygulamasının S. sclerotiorum’un kontrolünde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Muameleler kontrol, solarizasyon, tavuk gübresi ve tavuk gübresi + solarizasyon şeklinde yapılmıştır. Bu uygulamaların dört farklı toprak derinliğinde Sclerotinia sclerotiorum’un sklerotiumlarının canlılıkları üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Solarizasyon yapılan parsellerdeki ortalama sıcaklıklar 0, 2, 5 ve 10 cm de sırasıyla 45.73, 44.80, 40.53 ve 36.38 0C olmuştur. Bu da solarizasyon uygulanmayan parsellere göre yaklaşık 10 0C bir sıcaklık artışı oluşturmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda solarizasyon uygulanan parsellerden elde edilen sklerotiumların canlılık oranı ile kontrol parsellerinden elde edilen sklerotiumların canlılık oranları arasında önemli derecede farklılık gözlenmiştir (P=0.05). Sklerotium canlılık oranı kontrol parsellerinde %90-100 arasında değişirken solarizasyon uygulanan parsellerdeki sclerotiumların hepsi canlılığını kaybetmiştir. Solarizasyon uygulanan parsellerle Tavuk gübresi+solarizasyon uygulanan parseller arasında önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda Tokat’ta sera koşullarında solarizasyonun S.sclerotiorum’un kontrolünde etkin bir mücadele yöntemi olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abawi, G. S., and Grogan, R. G., 1975. Source of primary inoculum and effects of temperature and moisture on infection of beans by Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathol. 65:300-309.
  • Abawi, G. S., Polach, F. J., and Molin, W. T., 1975. Infection of bean by Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathol. 65:673-678.
  • Adams, P. B., 1986. Production of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor on lettuce in the field and their distribution in soil after disking. Plant Dis. 70:1043-1046.
  • Ashworth, L. J. Jr., and Gaona, S. A., 1982. Evaluation of clear Verticillium wilt established pistachio nut groves. Phytopathol. 72:243-246. for controlling
  • Ben-Yephet, Y., Stapleton, J. J., Wakeman, R.J., and DeVay, J. E., 1987. Comparative effects of soil solarisation with single nad double layers of polyethylene film on survival of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum . Phytoparasitica 15:181-185.
  • Boland, G. J., and Hall, R., 1994. Index of planthosts of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16:93- 108.
  • Cartia, G., and Asero, C., 1994. The role of temperature regarding Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the soil solarisation method. Acta Hort. 366:323-330.
  • Cook, G. E., Steadman, J. R., and Boosalis, M.G., 1975. Survival of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum and initial infection of dry edible bean in Western Nebraska. Phytopathol. 65.250-255.
  • DeVay, J. E., 1991. Historical review principles of soil solarisation. Page, 1-15 in;soil solarisation. DeVay, J. E., Stapleton, J. J., and Elmore, C. L., eds. FAO Plant Prot. Bull.
  • Huang, H. C., and Kozub, G. C. 1989. A simple method for production of apothecia from sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Prot. Bull. 31:333- 345.
  • Huang, H. C., Yanke, L. J., and Phillippe, R. C., 1993. Bacterial suppression of basal pod rot and end rot of dry peas caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Can. J. Microbiol. 39:227-233.
  • Hugerford, C. W., and Pitts, R., 1953. The sclerotinia disease of beans in Idaho. Phytopathol. 43:519-521.
  • Katan, J. 1981. Solar heating (solarisation) of soil for control of soil borne pests. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 19:211-236.
  • Katan, J., Fisher, G., and Grinstein, A., 1983. Short- and long-term effects of soil solarisation and crop sequence on Fusarium wilt and yield of cotton in Israel. Phytopathol. 73:1215-1219.
  • McQuilken, M. P., Mitchell, S. J., Budge, S. P. Whippes, J. M., Fenlon, J. S. and Archer, S. A. 1995. Effects of on sclerotial survival and apothecial production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field-grown oilseed rape. Plant Pathol. 44:883-896.
  • Oliveira, S. H. F., Recco, C. A., Sugahara, E. and Oliveira, D. A., 1995. Comparative evaluation of fungicides and conventional spray of fungicides to bean Sclerotinia Phytopathol. 21:249-252. control. Summa
  • Porter,I. J., and Merriman, P. R., 1985. Evaluation of soil solarisation for control of root diseases of row crops in Victoria. Plant Pathol. 34:108-118.
  • Steadman, J. R., 1974. Survival of sclerotia of Whetzelinia (Sclerotinia) sclerotiorum in Western Nebraska. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 17:83-84.
  • Stapleton, J. J., and DeVay, J. E. 1984. Thermal components of soil solarisation as related to exchange in soil and root microflora and increased plant growth response. Phytopathol. 74:255-259.
  • Swaminathan, J. McLead, K. L., Pay, J. M., and Stewart, A., 1999. Soil solarisation. A cultural practice to reduce sclerotiorum in New Zealand soils.New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 27:331-335. of Sclerotinia
  • Yanar, Y., and Miller, S. A., 2003. Resistance of pepper cultivars and accessions of Capsicum spp. to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis. 87:303-307.
  • Yuen, G. Y., Craig, M. L., Kerr, E. D., and Steadman, S. R., 1991. Epiphytic colonization of dry edible bean by bacteria antagonistic to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and potential for biological control of white mold disease. Biol. Control 1:293-301.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yusuf Yanar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Cilt: 2005 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yanar, Y. (2005). Tokat İklim Koşullarında Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary‘un Sclerotium Canlılığı Üzerine Solarizasyonun Etkisi. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 2005(1), 15-19.