Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Bursa İli Karacabey İlçesinde Silaj Dğerlendirilme Olanakları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 49 - 57, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1289692

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Bursa’nın Karacabey ilçesinde anket çalışması düzenlenerek, silaj tipleri, silaj kullanımı, silajın süt ineklerine yemleme yöntemi ve çözüm yolları konusunda bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Büyük, orta ve küçük ölçekli işletme olmak üzere toplam 60 süt ineği yetiştiricisine anket uygulanmıştır.
Sonuç, “ne tip silo kullanıyorsunuz?” sorusuna hayvan yetiştiricilerin %82’si yığın tipi silaj kullandıklarını beyan ederken, %10’u bank tipi silaj ve %8’i de balya tipi silaj kullandıklarını beyan etmişlerdir. “Yetiştiricilere silaj katkı maddesi olarak ne kullanıyorsunuz?” sorusuna, yetiştiricilerin %70’i katkı maddesi kullanmadıklarını ifade ederken, %20’si silaj yapımında bakteriyel inokulant artı enzim kullandıklarını %5’i maya ve geri kalanı ise enzim kullandıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Yetiştiricilere silajın süt ineklerine veriliş şekli sorulduğunda %73’ü ineklerine silajı kaba ve yoğun yemle karışık olarak verdiklerini, %25’i ineklerine silajı kuru kaba yemle karıştırarak verdiklerini %2’si ise silajı ineklerine tek başına verdiklerini bildirmişlerdir. Yetiştiricilerin büyük bir kısmı silaj yapımında mısıra bağımlı oldukları ve yığın tipi silajı tercih ettikleri görülmektedir. Diğer yandan küçük ölçekli hayvancılık işletmelerin silaj üretimi ve hayvan besleme ile ilgili temel bilgilerin yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bu kapsamda, küçük ölçekli işletmelere silaj yapımı ve hayvan beslemeye yönelik deneyim ve bilgilerini artıracak tarımsal eğitim faaliyetlerin düzenlenmesi, silaj yem kaynağı olarak (gıda posası artıkları ve sıcağa dayanıklı) diğer yem bitkilerine yönelmeleri, kooperatif aracılığıyla büyük ölçekli silo yapılarak günlük silaj almaları önerilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Aslım, G., & Danış, E.M. (2021). An Evaluation of silage widely use in animal feeding in terms of legislation in Turkey and European Union Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 10 (2), https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.949433
  • Akay, T., & Dağdemir, V. (2009). Research on the determination of the cost of silage corn production in Pasinler district of Erzurum province. Journal of Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Agriculture, 40(1), 61-69.
  • Anonymous (2021). Agricultural products market report. Retrieved from: https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF
  • Belyea, R.L., Coppock, C.E., & Lake, G.B. (1974) Effects of silage diets on health, Reproduction, and blood metabolites of dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Science, 58 (9), 1336-1346.
  • Besharati, M., Palangi, V., Niazifar, M., & Nemati, Z. (2020). Comparison study of flaxseed, cinnamon and lemon seed essential oils additives on quality and fermentation characteristics of lucerne silage. Acta agriculturae Slovenica,115/2, 455–462, Ljubljana 2020. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1483.
  • Çapçı, T., Şayan, Y., & Alçiçek, A. (1995). Research on the feed value of dried and ensiled tomato pulp. J Ege Univ.Agr.Fac., 32(3),119-126.
  • Çekiç, A. (2017). Silage Production Problems and Solutions in Malkara District (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Namik Kemal Un. Science Science Institute 62s Retrieved from: http://acikerisim.nku.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11776/2359/0050985.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Coppock, C. E. & Everett, RW. (1973). The occurrence of displaced abomasum in New York. Dairy Herd Improvement Holstein herds and possible genetic involvement. Anim. Sci. Mimeo, Cornell Univ
  • Dänicke, S., Krenz, J., Seyboldt, C., Neubauer, H., Frahm, J., Kersten, S., Meyer, K., Saltzmann, J., Richardt, W., Breves, G., Sauerwein, H., Sulyok, M., Meyer, U., & Geue, L., (2020). Maize and grass silage feeding to dairy cows combined with different concentrate feed proportions with a special focus on mycotoxins, shiga toxin (stx)-forming escherichia coli and clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (bont) genes: Implications for animal health and food safety, Dairy j, 91–125; https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy1020007.
  • DEFRA (1997). Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs Control of pollution (silage, slurry and agricultural fuel oil) regulations. Resource Document. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Accessed; 20.10.2019.
  • Denli, M., Tutkun, M., & Sessiz, A. (2014). Feeding practices in dairy farms in Diyarbakir city, Animal Production, 55(2), 22-26.
  • Demir, P.A., & Elmali, D.A. (2016). Silage use and economic necessity in cattle farms in Hatay province, Animal Health Prod and Hyg. 5(1), 432 – 437.
  • Değirmencioğlu, T. (2016). Evaluation opportunities of anatolian buffaloes in karaoğlan village of mustafakemalpaşa district of Bursa province, International III. Mustafakemalpasa symposium, 13,14,15 May. 2016.
  • Değirmencioğlu, T. (2020). Buffaloes’s nutrition (pp 320pages). ISBN: 978-625-402-317-0. Place: Nobel publisher. Ankara.
  • Ergen, A. (1991). Feed value of dried tomato pulp and its suitability in the mixed feed industry. Feed industry magazine, 1,33-37.
  • Erdinç, H., Yavuz, H.M., Ogan, M., & Başpinar, H. (1992). Possibilities of using tomato pulp silage in feeding dairy cattle. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11(2),61-69.
  • FAO (2013). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Statistics division. Retrieved from: http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/ QC/E. (Date of access: 10. April 2015).
  • FAO (2021). (Erişim: 09/01/2020), 1/ Retrieved from: https://www.ifpri.org/blog/fao-state-food-and-agriculture-report-2021-diversification-key-building-resilient-agrifood.
  • FAO (2022). (Erişim: 14/10/2022) Tips for smallholder silage-making Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/3/ca9942en/CA9942EN.pdf
  • Görgülü, M. (2019). Metabolic diseases in dairy cattle, Retrieved from: http://www.muratgorgulu.com.tr/altekran.asp?id=96 Date of Acess 9.01.2019.
  • Gümüs, H., Karakas- Oğuz, F., Oğuz, M. N., Buğdaycı, K. E. & Kuter, E. (2020). Farklı katkı maddelerinin lenox silajının fermantasyon ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.697756
  • Karabulut, A. (1995). Feeds knowledge and Feed Technology. Bursa Uludag Agric. Fac. Journal. Lecture Notes, No:67.Bursa 164-170.
  • Karabulut, A., Filya, İ., Canbolat, Ö., Değirmencioğlu, T., & Umur, H. (1999). Possibilities of Using Tomato Pulp Silage Processed with Different Methods in Lamb Fattening. International Livestock Congress, 21-24 Eylül İzmir-Türkiye. 637-644.
  • Kızılşimşek, M., Günaydın, T., Aslan, A., Keklik, K. ve Açıkgöz, H. (2020). Mısır ve bazı baklagillerin birlikte üretimi ile silaj yem kalitesini artırma olanakları. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 165–169. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.680048
  • Kleen, J.L, Hooijer, G.A, Rehage, J, & Noordhuizen. J.P.T.M. (2003). Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Transboundaryand emerging diseases, 50(8): 406-414. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00569.x
  • Maulfair, D.D., McIntyre, K.K., & Heinrichs, A.J. (2013). Subacuteruminal acidosis and total mixed ration preference in lactatingdairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(10), 6610-6620.https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6771
  • Mooi, K.C. (1991). Varietal and density effects on vegetable corn and forage production. Research Journal, 19, 217-223.
  • Özhan, M, (2010). Silage (Silo Feed) preparation, use and value. Atatürk Univ J Agricultural Faculty, 6, 51‐61.
  • Özdemir, M., & Okumuş, N. (2021). Türkiye'de son beş yılda yapılan bazı silaj çalışmaları. ETHABD Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 30 – 39.
  • Paksoy, M., & Ortasöz, N. (2018). Economic analysis of corn production activity in pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş province. KSU J. Agric Nat 21, 95-101. https://Doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.472962
  • Peterson, W, Burris, R.H, Sant, R., & Little, H.N. (1958). Toxic gases in silage, production of toxic gas (nitrogen oxides) in silage making. J. Agric. Food Chem., 6, 121‐126.
  • Pınar, A.D., & Dilek, A., E. (2016). Silage use and economic necessity in cattle farms in hatay province. Animal Health Prod and Hyg, 5(1), 432 – 437.
  • Queiroz, O. C. M., Ogunade, I. M., Weinberg, Z., & Adesogan, A. T. (2018). Silage review: Foodborne pathogens in silage and their mitigation by silage additives. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4132– 4142. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13901
  • Şahin, İ.F., &Zaman, M. (2010). An important feed source in livestock: Silage. Eastern Geography Journal, 23, 1-17.
  • Trimberger, G.W., Tyrrell, H.F., Morrow, D.A., Reid, J.T., Wright, M.J., Shipe, W.F., Merrill, W.G., Loosli, J.K., Coppock, C.E., Moore, L.A., & Gordon, G.H. (1972). Effects of liberal concentrate feeding on health, reproductive efficiency, economy of milk production, and other related responses of the dairy cows. New York Food Life Sci. Bull. 8, Anita. Sc 1
  • TUIK. (2020). Turkish Statistical Institute. The Summary of Agricultural Statistics, available at 298. Retrieved from: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr (retrieved: August 2020).
  • Yaylak, E., &Alçiçek, A. (2003). An inexpensive source of roughage in cattle breeding: Corn silage. Animal Production, 44(2), 29-36.
  • Yıldız, C., Öztürk, İ., & Erkmen, Y. (2008). Research on the determination of silage making techniques and consumption habits in Erzurum region. Journal of Atatürk Universty Agric Fac, 39(1), 101-107

Possibilities of Evaluation of Silage in Karacabey District, Bursa City

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 49 - 57, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1289692

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to provide information about silage types, silage usage, feeding method of silage to dairy cows and solutions by organizing a survey in Karacabey district of Bursa city. A survey was applied to a total of 60 daiy cow breeders, including large, medium, and small-scale enterprises.
When asked “which type of silo do you use?”, 82% of the animal enterprises declared that they use bulk-type silage, while 10% declared that they use bank-type silage and 8% declared that they use bale-type silage. When the the animal enterprises were asked what they use as a silage additive, 70% of the breeders stated that they did not use additives in silage making, while 20% stated that they used bacterial inoculants plus enzymes in silage making, and %5 stated that they used yeast and the rest stated that they used enzymes. When the breeders were asked about the method of feeding the silage to dairy cows, 73.0% reported that they gave silage to their cows mixed with roughage and concentrate feed, 25.0% reported that they gave silage to their cows mixed silage with dry roughage and 2.0% reported that they gave only silage to their cows. As a result, it is seen that most of the breeders are dependent on maize for silage production and prefer the bulk-type silage. On the other hand, it has been determined that basic information about silage production and animal nutrition of small-scale livestock enterprises is insufficient.
In this context, it can be recommented the small-scale enterprises to participate in training of organization which will increase their knowledges on subjects such as silage making and animal feeding. It may be suggested that they use other forage crops (food pulp residues and heat-resistant fodder crops) as a source of silage, and can also be fed the their animals daily by using a large bank type silage collectively.

Kaynakça

  • Aslım, G., & Danış, E.M. (2021). An Evaluation of silage widely use in animal feeding in terms of legislation in Turkey and European Union Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 10 (2), https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.949433
  • Akay, T., & Dağdemir, V. (2009). Research on the determination of the cost of silage corn production in Pasinler district of Erzurum province. Journal of Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Agriculture, 40(1), 61-69.
  • Anonymous (2021). Agricultural products market report. Retrieved from: https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF
  • Belyea, R.L., Coppock, C.E., & Lake, G.B. (1974) Effects of silage diets on health, Reproduction, and blood metabolites of dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Science, 58 (9), 1336-1346.
  • Besharati, M., Palangi, V., Niazifar, M., & Nemati, Z. (2020). Comparison study of flaxseed, cinnamon and lemon seed essential oils additives on quality and fermentation characteristics of lucerne silage. Acta agriculturae Slovenica,115/2, 455–462, Ljubljana 2020. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1483.
  • Çapçı, T., Şayan, Y., & Alçiçek, A. (1995). Research on the feed value of dried and ensiled tomato pulp. J Ege Univ.Agr.Fac., 32(3),119-126.
  • Çekiç, A. (2017). Silage Production Problems and Solutions in Malkara District (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Namik Kemal Un. Science Science Institute 62s Retrieved from: http://acikerisim.nku.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11776/2359/0050985.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Coppock, C. E. & Everett, RW. (1973). The occurrence of displaced abomasum in New York. Dairy Herd Improvement Holstein herds and possible genetic involvement. Anim. Sci. Mimeo, Cornell Univ
  • Dänicke, S., Krenz, J., Seyboldt, C., Neubauer, H., Frahm, J., Kersten, S., Meyer, K., Saltzmann, J., Richardt, W., Breves, G., Sauerwein, H., Sulyok, M., Meyer, U., & Geue, L., (2020). Maize and grass silage feeding to dairy cows combined with different concentrate feed proportions with a special focus on mycotoxins, shiga toxin (stx)-forming escherichia coli and clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (bont) genes: Implications for animal health and food safety, Dairy j, 91–125; https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy1020007.
  • DEFRA (1997). Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs Control of pollution (silage, slurry and agricultural fuel oil) regulations. Resource Document. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Accessed; 20.10.2019.
  • Denli, M., Tutkun, M., & Sessiz, A. (2014). Feeding practices in dairy farms in Diyarbakir city, Animal Production, 55(2), 22-26.
  • Demir, P.A., & Elmali, D.A. (2016). Silage use and economic necessity in cattle farms in Hatay province, Animal Health Prod and Hyg. 5(1), 432 – 437.
  • Değirmencioğlu, T. (2016). Evaluation opportunities of anatolian buffaloes in karaoğlan village of mustafakemalpaşa district of Bursa province, International III. Mustafakemalpasa symposium, 13,14,15 May. 2016.
  • Değirmencioğlu, T. (2020). Buffaloes’s nutrition (pp 320pages). ISBN: 978-625-402-317-0. Place: Nobel publisher. Ankara.
  • Ergen, A. (1991). Feed value of dried tomato pulp and its suitability in the mixed feed industry. Feed industry magazine, 1,33-37.
  • Erdinç, H., Yavuz, H.M., Ogan, M., & Başpinar, H. (1992). Possibilities of using tomato pulp silage in feeding dairy cattle. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11(2),61-69.
  • FAO (2013). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Statistics division. Retrieved from: http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/ QC/E. (Date of access: 10. April 2015).
  • FAO (2021). (Erişim: 09/01/2020), 1/ Retrieved from: https://www.ifpri.org/blog/fao-state-food-and-agriculture-report-2021-diversification-key-building-resilient-agrifood.
  • FAO (2022). (Erişim: 14/10/2022) Tips for smallholder silage-making Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/3/ca9942en/CA9942EN.pdf
  • Görgülü, M. (2019). Metabolic diseases in dairy cattle, Retrieved from: http://www.muratgorgulu.com.tr/altekran.asp?id=96 Date of Acess 9.01.2019.
  • Gümüs, H., Karakas- Oğuz, F., Oğuz, M. N., Buğdaycı, K. E. & Kuter, E. (2020). Farklı katkı maddelerinin lenox silajının fermantasyon ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.697756
  • Karabulut, A. (1995). Feeds knowledge and Feed Technology. Bursa Uludag Agric. Fac. Journal. Lecture Notes, No:67.Bursa 164-170.
  • Karabulut, A., Filya, İ., Canbolat, Ö., Değirmencioğlu, T., & Umur, H. (1999). Possibilities of Using Tomato Pulp Silage Processed with Different Methods in Lamb Fattening. International Livestock Congress, 21-24 Eylül İzmir-Türkiye. 637-644.
  • Kızılşimşek, M., Günaydın, T., Aslan, A., Keklik, K. ve Açıkgöz, H. (2020). Mısır ve bazı baklagillerin birlikte üretimi ile silaj yem kalitesini artırma olanakları. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 165–169. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.680048
  • Kleen, J.L, Hooijer, G.A, Rehage, J, & Noordhuizen. J.P.T.M. (2003). Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Transboundaryand emerging diseases, 50(8): 406-414. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00569.x
  • Maulfair, D.D., McIntyre, K.K., & Heinrichs, A.J. (2013). Subacuteruminal acidosis and total mixed ration preference in lactatingdairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(10), 6610-6620.https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6771
  • Mooi, K.C. (1991). Varietal and density effects on vegetable corn and forage production. Research Journal, 19, 217-223.
  • Özhan, M, (2010). Silage (Silo Feed) preparation, use and value. Atatürk Univ J Agricultural Faculty, 6, 51‐61.
  • Özdemir, M., & Okumuş, N. (2021). Türkiye'de son beş yılda yapılan bazı silaj çalışmaları. ETHABD Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 30 – 39.
  • Paksoy, M., & Ortasöz, N. (2018). Economic analysis of corn production activity in pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş province. KSU J. Agric Nat 21, 95-101. https://Doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.472962
  • Peterson, W, Burris, R.H, Sant, R., & Little, H.N. (1958). Toxic gases in silage, production of toxic gas (nitrogen oxides) in silage making. J. Agric. Food Chem., 6, 121‐126.
  • Pınar, A.D., & Dilek, A., E. (2016). Silage use and economic necessity in cattle farms in hatay province. Animal Health Prod and Hyg, 5(1), 432 – 437.
  • Queiroz, O. C. M., Ogunade, I. M., Weinberg, Z., & Adesogan, A. T. (2018). Silage review: Foodborne pathogens in silage and their mitigation by silage additives. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4132– 4142. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13901
  • Şahin, İ.F., &Zaman, M. (2010). An important feed source in livestock: Silage. Eastern Geography Journal, 23, 1-17.
  • Trimberger, G.W., Tyrrell, H.F., Morrow, D.A., Reid, J.T., Wright, M.J., Shipe, W.F., Merrill, W.G., Loosli, J.K., Coppock, C.E., Moore, L.A., & Gordon, G.H. (1972). Effects of liberal concentrate feeding on health, reproductive efficiency, economy of milk production, and other related responses of the dairy cows. New York Food Life Sci. Bull. 8, Anita. Sc 1
  • TUIK. (2020). Turkish Statistical Institute. The Summary of Agricultural Statistics, available at 298. Retrieved from: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr (retrieved: August 2020).
  • Yaylak, E., &Alçiçek, A. (2003). An inexpensive source of roughage in cattle breeding: Corn silage. Animal Production, 44(2), 29-36.
  • Yıldız, C., Öztürk, İ., & Erkmen, Y. (2008). Research on the determination of silage making techniques and consumption habits in Erzurum region. Journal of Atatürk Universty Agric Fac, 39(1), 101-107
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Taşkın Değirmencioğlu 0000-0002-1512-1302

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Değirmencioğlu, T. (2024). Possibilities of Evaluation of Silage in Karacabey District, Bursa City. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 41(2), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1289692