Dünyada Katılım Bankacılığı: Seçilmiş Ülke Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye, Malezya, Suudi Arabistan, Endonezya ve Birleşik Krallık'taki katılım bankacılığı sistemlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyerek küresel gelişimlerini ve uygulama farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Katılım bankacılığı, faizsiz finans esasına dayalı olarak şeriat hükümlerine uygun faaliyet göstermektedir ve ülkelerin ekonomik, yasal ve kültürel yapılarına göre farklı kurumsal modeller geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada düzenleyici yapıların etkinliği, şeriat uyumu, ürün çeşitliliği, finansal kapsayıcılık ve toplumsal farkındalık gibi temel unsurlar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Malezya ve Suudi Arabistan’da sistemin kurumsallaştığını; Türkiye ve Endonezya’da ise yapısal reform ihtiyacının sürdüğünü göstermektedir. Birleşik Krallık'ta ise sistem, daha çok etnik ve dini azınlıkları hedefleyen sınırlı bir yapıdadır. Ayrıca dijitalleşme, kamu politikalarının entegrasyonu ve insan kaynağı gibi faktörlerin sürdürülebilir büyüme açısından kritik önemde olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, daha kapsayıcı ve etkin bir sistem için merkezi şeriat danışma kurulu oluşturulması, risk paylaşımına dayalı ürünlerin yaygınlaştırılması ve uluslararası standartlara uyum gibi politika önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Katılım Bankacılığı
• İslami Finans
• Şeriat Uyumu
• Düzenleyici Yapı
• Ülke Karşılaştırması

Participation Banking Around the World: A Study on Selected Country Practices

Öz

This study conducts a comparative analysis of participation banking systems in Turkey, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and the United Kingdom, aiming to highlight their global development and implementation differences. Participation banking operates in accordance with Shariah principles based on interest-free finance and has evolved into distinct institutional models shaped by each country’s economic, legal, and cultural structures. The study evaluates key factors such as regulatory effectiveness, Shariah compliance, product diversity, financial inclusion, and public awareness. The findings indicate that the system is institutionalized in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, while Turkey and Indonesia still require structural reforms. In the United Kingdom, participation banking remains a limited system mainly targeting ethnic and religious minorities. The research also emphasizes the critical role of digitalization, public policy integration, and human capital in ensuring sustainable growth. As a result, policy recommendations such as the establishment of a centralized Shariah board, the promotion of risk-sharing products, and greater alignment with international standards are proposed to foster a more inclusive and effective system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Participation Banking
• Islamic Finance
• Shariah Compliance
• Regulatory Framework
• Country Comparison

Kaynakça

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