Comparison of the Performance of Solar Panels Designed in Three Different Ways under the Same Conditions

Year 2023, , 1231 - 1245, 01.09.2023

Mehmet Ali Saldamlı Yusuf Alper Kaplan , Gülizar Gizem Ünaldı

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1037777

Abstract

Renewable energy sources such as solar energy have great potential to alleviate some of the negative environmental problems, including climate change, caused by intensive fossil fuel use. Solar energy will play an important part in future energy systems because of its rapid installation technology and lowering costs. In order to use solar radiation intensity in a wide range in the most efficient way, the plants must either be at an optimum angle in the area where they are installed or they should be designed with moving systems. In this study, performance and efficiency comparisons of solar tracking systems and fixed-designed systems based on real-field conditions have been made. In this way, price performance ratios can be determined clearly and it will be easier to decide on the types of power plants to be built. While solar tracking systems move according to the most efficient position that they can get from the sun through radiation sensors, they are designed with elements such as PLCs using multi-year solar data that operate with an open loop and based on meteorological data. In this study, three different power plant types designed as 1-axis, 2-axis, and fixed angle were controlled as open loop with PLC software and production differences between power plants were evaluated for 1 year. According to this research we have done, it has been concluded that 2-axis tracking systems produce approximately 32% more energy annually than a fixed-angle system, with an annual efficiency rate of 23% higher than a 1-axis system.

Keywords

Photovoltaic systems, Solar power, PLC

References

• [1] Kaplan, Y. A., “Overview of wind energy in the world and assessment of current wind energy policies in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43: 562-568, (2015).
• [2] Demirdizen, H.G., “Market development of renewable energy in Turkey”, MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, (2013).
• [3] Benli, H., "Potential application of solar water heaters for hot water production in Turkey", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54: 99-109, (2016).
• [4] “Energy Outlook 2021”, TEIAS, EMRA, TSKB, Turkey, (2000-2020). https://www.tskb.com.tr/uploads/file/energy-outlook-2021.pdf. Access date: 22.12.2021
• [5] “Distribution of 2019 Installed Capacity by Primary Energy Sources”, TEIAS, Turkey, (2019). https://www.teias.gov.tr/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim-istatistikleri. Access date: 22.12.2021
• [6] Karagöl, E. T., Kavaz, İ., “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji”, Analiz, Seta, 197: 18-28, (2017).
• [7] Kaplan, A.G., Kaplan, Y.A., "Developing of the new models in solar radiation estimation with curve fitting based on moving least-squares approximation”, Renewable Energy, 146: 2462-2471, (2020).
• [8] Topkaya, S.O., "A discussion on recent developments in Turkey's emerging solar power market", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(6): 3754-3765, (2012).
• [9] “Regulation on unlicensed electricity generation in the electricity market”, Oct 2, Official Gazette No. 30772, (2013).
• [10] “Regulation on unlicensed electricity generation in the electricity market”, May 12, Official Gazette No. 28783, (2019).
• [11] “Renewable 2019 Global Status Report”, REN21, (2019). https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2019_full_report_en.pdf. Access date: 20.12.2021
• [12] “Turkey Electricity Production-Transmission 2018 Statistics, Development of Turkish Installed Capacity According to Primary Energy Sources”, TEIAS, Turkey, (2008-2018). https://www.teias.gov.tr/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim-istatistikleri. Access date: 18.12.2021
• [13] “Turkey Electricity Production-Transmission 2019 Statistics, Annual Development of Turkey’s Installed Capacity by Primary Energy Resources”, TEIAS, Turkey, (2006-2019). https://www.teias.gov.tr/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim-istatistikleri. Access date: 18.12.2021
• [14] “Turkey Electricity Production-Transmission 2020 Statistics, Annual Development of Turkey's Installed Capacity by Primary Energy Resources”, TEIAS, Turkey (2006-2020). https://www.teias.gov.tr/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim-istatistikleri. Access date: 18.12.2021
• [15] Bingol, O., Altintas A., Oner, Y., "Microcontroller based solar-tracking system and its implementation”, Journal of Engineering Sciences 12(2): 243-248, (2006).
• [16] Rizk, J. C. A. Y., Chaiko, Y., "Solar tracking system: more efficient use of solar panels" World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 41: 313-315, (2008).
• [17] Demirtaş, M., "PLC kontrollü güneş takip sistemi tasarım ve uygulaması”, Technological Applied Sciences, 4(3): 315-329, (2009).
• [18] Sungur, C., "Multi-axes sun-tracking system with PLC control for photovoltaic panels in Turkey", Renewable Energy, 34(4): 1119-1125, (2009).
• [19] Khan, M. T. A., Tanzil, S.M.S., Rahman, R., Alam, S.M.S., "Design and construction of an automatic solar tracking system.", 6th International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, (2010).
• [20] Deb, G., Roy, A. B., “Use of solar tracking system for extracting solar energy”, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 4(1): 42, (2012).
• [21] Zhan, T. S., Lin, W. M., Tsai, M. H., Wang, G. S., “Design and implementation of the dual-axis solar tracking system”, IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, IEEE, 276-277, (2013).
• [22] https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi- merkezi-enerji-gunes. Accessed date: 06.05.2021
• [23] Telli, A., Erat, S., Demir, B., “Comparison of energy transition of Turkey and Germany: energy policy, strengths/weaknesses and targets” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 23(2): 413-427, (2021).
• [24] Bagher, A. M., Vahid, M. M. A., Mohsen, M., “Types of solar cells and application”, American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 3(5): 94-113, (2015).
• [25] Hafez, A. Z., Yousef, A. M., Harag, N. M., “Solar tracking systems: Technologies and trackers drive types–A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91: 754-782, (2018).