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RELIABILITY OF SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRES: DO ARCHITECTURE POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS OVERESTIMATE THEIR EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS? FEEDBACK FROM GRADUATES AND EMPLOYERS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 71 - 81, 29.06.2018

Öz




















This study examines the
reliability of 94 self-assessed questionnaires employing architecture postgraduates
and employers via t-tests and descriptive statistics. This is important as many
studies employ self-assessment questionnaires with likert-scale responses to
assess employability skills in non-technical disciplines such as design and the
humanities. However, first-degree graduates often overestimate their skills in
comparison with results from employers. Results reveal no significant
differences between postgraduates and their employers for generic (t =-1.34, p =0.183)
and professional (t=1.38, p = 0.17)
skills and competencies. The study concludes
that questionnaires self-assessed by postgraduate students are reliable for assessing
employability potentials of architecture graduates.

Kaynakça

  • Asuquo, P. N. & Inaja, A. E. Fostering sustainable career development and employability among young people in the changing world of work: employers' perspective. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1492-1499, (2013).
  • Babadoye, S. A., Adewale, A. J., Olabode, O. & Aribisola, E. E. The Nigerian Institure of Architects' Professional Practice Examination: Conceptions, Misconceptions and the Way Forward. African Higher Education Review (AHER), 7 (2), 15-24, (2013).
  • Baker, C., Loughren, E. & Crone, D. Emplyability of Graduates in Sport Needs Analysis (Work Package 2) Executive summary. University of Gloucestershire, UK (2014).
  • Barker, B. Employability Skills: Maintaining relevance in Marketing Education. The Marketing Review, 134 (1), 29-48, (2014).
  • Buntat, Y., Jobor, M., Saud, M. S., Mansor, S. M. & Mustaffa, N. H. Employability Skills Element's: Difference Perspective Between Teaching Staff and Employers Industrial in Malaysia. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1531-1535, (2013).
  • Butler, J. Global Youth Unemployment Rate Rising Rapidly. Retrieved 11/25/2015, from MintPress News: www.mintpressnews.com, (2015).
  • Dwyer, M. Construction Workers struggle with pain, stress from injuries [Online article]. Retrieved 10/25/2015, from www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/consruction-workers-struggle-with-pain-stress-from-injuries, (2013).
  • ECDL. Perception and Reality: Measuring Digital Skills in Europe. The European Computer Driving Licence Foundation. ECDL; European Commission, (2016).
  • Else, H. Students unrealistic about skill level of jobs. Retrieved 09/03/2017, from Times Higher Education: www.timeshighereducation.com/news/students-unrealistic-about-skill-level-of-jobs/2014160.article, (2014).
  • Ferns, S. Graduate employability: Teaching staff, employer and graduate perceptions. Procs. of the ACEN National Conference, Collaborative Education: Investing in the Future, 29 Oct-2 Nov. 2012, Deakin University (pp. 77-87). Geelong: Australian Collaborative Education Network, (2012).
  • Field, A. Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th Ed.). SAGE: London (2013).
  • Finch, D. J., Peacock, M., Levallet, N. & Foster, W. A dynamic capabilities view of employability: Exploring the drivers of competitive advantage for university graduates. Education + Training, 58 (1), 61-81, (2016).
  • Generic skills questionnaire Online document retrieved from http://www.uniduesto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/completencies/GENERIC_COMPETENCE_QUESTIONNAIRES.pdf on 25/11/2014. (n.d.)
  • Grzeda, M. M. In Competence we trust: Addressing Conceptual Ambiguity. Journal of Management Development, 24 (6), 530-545, (2005).
  • Hillage, J. & Pollard, E. Employability: Developing a framework for policy analysis:. Retrieved 09/11/2017, from DfEE: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130402091826/https://education.gov.uk.publications/eOrderingDownload/RB85.pdf, (1998).
  • Holt, G. D. Construction research questionnaires and attitude measurement: relative index or mean? Journal of Construction Procurement, 3 (2), 88-96, (1997).
  • Holt, G. D. Asking questions, analysing answers: relative importance revisited. Construction Innovation, 14 (1), 2-16, (2014).
  • Humburg, M. & Velden, R. V. Self-assessments or tests? Comparing cross-national differences in patterns and outcomes of graduates' skills based on international large-scale surveys. Studies in Higher Education, 40 (3), 482-504, (2015).
  • Kamal, K. Training employable graduates: Innovation in training technology. Paper presented at the National Conference on Continuing Technical Education and Training, the Katherina Hotel, Batu Pahat Johor. Johor, (2006).
  • Katyal, V. & Arora, R. Graduate Employability and Students' Orientation to Labor Market. Procs, 10th AIMS International Conference on Management, 6-9 Jan 2013 (pp. 1-11). Bangalore: The Association of Indian Management Scholars Interantional, (2013).
  • Lau, H.-H., Hsu, H.-Y., Acosta, S. & Hsu, T.-L. Impact of participation in extra-curricular activities during college on graduate employability: an empirical study of Taiwanese Business Schools. Educational Studies, 40 (1), 26-47, (2014).
  • Liu, T.-t. & Sun, H.-b. Gender differences on information Literacy of Science and Engineering Undergraduates. I. J. Modern Education and Computer Science, 2, 23-30, (2012).
  • Lokhoff, J., Wegewijs, B., Durkin, K., Wagenaar, R., Gonzalez, J., Isaacs, A. K., et al. CoRe: Tuning Educational Structures in Europe, a guide to formulating degree programme competencies and programme learning outcomes. Tuning Lifelong Learning, Bilbao, Gronongen and The Hague, (2010).
  • Maina, J. J. Perception of the impact of the architecture curriculum on final year design: Do gender and mode of entry matter? A'JETS, ATBU Journal of Environmental Technology (in press).
  • Maina, J. J. & Daful, C. K. Do they measure up? Architecture Graduates' Perception of Acquired Skills, Employer's Expectations and What is Obtained. JORIND, Journal of Research in National Development, 15 (1), 153-161, (2017).
  • Maina, J. J., & Salihu, M. M. An Assessment of Generic Skills and Competencies of Architecture Graduates in Nigeria. AJETS, 9 (1), 30-41, (2016).
  • Matsouka, K. & Mihail, D. M. Graduates' employability: What do graduates and employers think? Industry and Higher Education, 30 (5), 321-326, (2016).
  • McCowan, T. Can Higher Education Solve Africa's job Crisis? Understanding Graduate Employability in Sub Saharan Africa. British Council. London: British Council, (2014).
  • Mtan, T. Impact of time management on academic performance of architecture students in Nigeria: A case study of undergraduate students of Architecture, Kano State University. Zaria: Unpublished BSc project, (2017).
  • Mtebula, C. T. Employers' and Graduates Perception Survey on Employability and Graduateness: Products of the School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg: Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Witwatersrand, (2014).
  • Nelson, A. A. & Dopson, L. Future of Hotel Education: Required Skills and knowledge for Graduates of U. S. Hospitality Programs beyond the Year 2000- Part One. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 13 (5), 58-67, (2001).
  • Pitan, O. S. An assessment of generic skills demand in five sectors of the Nigerian Labor Market. Public and Munincipal Finance, 4 (1), 28-36, (2015).
  • Pitan, O. S. & Adedeji, S. O. Skills Mismatch Among University Graduates in the Nigeria Labor Market. US-China Education Review, 90-98, (2012).
  • Porter, A. Student Employability Index 2014 Part Two. NCUB, National Centre for Universities and Business. London: NCUB, Compass Group, (2014).
  • Rokooei, S. & Goedert, J. Simulation as an Effective Tool For Gender Education in Construction. In P. E. Doolittle, & D. L. Lusk (Ed.), Procs, Higher Education Pedagogy, 5-7 February 2014 (pp. 291-292). Virginia, US: Virginia Tech, (2014).
  • Rooke, J. D. Developing a more empirical approach to culture, attitude and motivation in construction management research: a critique and a proposal. Journal of Construction Procurement, 3 (2), 45-55, (1997).
  • Salleh, R., Yusoff, M. M., Amat, S. C., Noor, A. M. & Suredah, N. Profiling Industry-Relevant Competencies of Graduate Architects through Online Job Advertisements. International Business Research, 6 (11), 43-51, (2013).
  • Saunders, V. & Zuzel, K. Evaluating Employability Skills: Employer and Student Perceptions. Bioscience Education, 15 (1), 1-15, (2010).
  • Schmidt, H. G. & van der Molen, H. T. Self-reported Competency ratings of Graduates of a Problem-based Medical Curriculum. Academic Medicine, 76 (5), 466-468, (2001).
  • Sodipo, O. O. Employability of Tertiary Education Graduates in Nigeria: Closing the Skills Gap. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 2 (3), 28-36, (2014).
  • Spiridonidis, C. Towards a Competency Based Architectural Education in Europe. Report on the Validation panel on Tuning in Architecture. Retrieved 11/12/ 2014, from EHNSA: www.unideusto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/Summary_of_outcomes_TN/Toward_a_competencies_Based_Architectural_Education_in_Europe.doc, (2007).
  • Strebler, M., Thompson, M. & Heron, P. Skills, Competencies and Gender: Issues for Pay and Training, Report 333. The Institute for Employment Studies. Brighton, UK: IES, (1997).
  • Tsitskari, E., Goudas, M., Tsalouchou, E., & Michalopoulou, M. Employers' expectations of the employability skils needed in the sport and recreation environment. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education, 20, 1-9, (2017).
  • Tymon, A. The Student Perspective on Employability. Studies in Higher Education, 38 (6), 841-856, (2013).
  • UIA. UNESCO/UIA Charter for Architectural Education. Tokyo, Japan: International Union of Architects, (2011).
  • UIA. UIA Accord on recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice (Ammended August 2014). Durban, South Africa: International Union of Architects, (2014).
  • Wickramasinghe, V. & Parera, L. Graduates', university lecturers' and employers' perceptions towards employability skills. Education and Training, 52 (3), 226-244, (2010).
  • World Bank. Youth employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Development Forum. Washington D. C.: World Bank, (2014).
  • Yorke, M. Employability in Higher Education: What it is-what it is not. York: Higher Education Academy, (2006).
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 71 - 81, 29.06.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Asuquo, P. N. & Inaja, A. E. Fostering sustainable career development and employability among young people in the changing world of work: employers' perspective. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1492-1499, (2013).
  • Babadoye, S. A., Adewale, A. J., Olabode, O. & Aribisola, E. E. The Nigerian Institure of Architects' Professional Practice Examination: Conceptions, Misconceptions and the Way Forward. African Higher Education Review (AHER), 7 (2), 15-24, (2013).
  • Baker, C., Loughren, E. & Crone, D. Emplyability of Graduates in Sport Needs Analysis (Work Package 2) Executive summary. University of Gloucestershire, UK (2014).
  • Barker, B. Employability Skills: Maintaining relevance in Marketing Education. The Marketing Review, 134 (1), 29-48, (2014).
  • Buntat, Y., Jobor, M., Saud, M. S., Mansor, S. M. & Mustaffa, N. H. Employability Skills Element's: Difference Perspective Between Teaching Staff and Employers Industrial in Malaysia. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1531-1535, (2013).
  • Butler, J. Global Youth Unemployment Rate Rising Rapidly. Retrieved 11/25/2015, from MintPress News: www.mintpressnews.com, (2015).
  • Dwyer, M. Construction Workers struggle with pain, stress from injuries [Online article]. Retrieved 10/25/2015, from www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/consruction-workers-struggle-with-pain-stress-from-injuries, (2013).
  • ECDL. Perception and Reality: Measuring Digital Skills in Europe. The European Computer Driving Licence Foundation. ECDL; European Commission, (2016).
  • Else, H. Students unrealistic about skill level of jobs. Retrieved 09/03/2017, from Times Higher Education: www.timeshighereducation.com/news/students-unrealistic-about-skill-level-of-jobs/2014160.article, (2014).
  • Ferns, S. Graduate employability: Teaching staff, employer and graduate perceptions. Procs. of the ACEN National Conference, Collaborative Education: Investing in the Future, 29 Oct-2 Nov. 2012, Deakin University (pp. 77-87). Geelong: Australian Collaborative Education Network, (2012).
  • Field, A. Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th Ed.). SAGE: London (2013).
  • Finch, D. J., Peacock, M., Levallet, N. & Foster, W. A dynamic capabilities view of employability: Exploring the drivers of competitive advantage for university graduates. Education + Training, 58 (1), 61-81, (2016).
  • Generic skills questionnaire Online document retrieved from http://www.uniduesto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/completencies/GENERIC_COMPETENCE_QUESTIONNAIRES.pdf on 25/11/2014. (n.d.)
  • Grzeda, M. M. In Competence we trust: Addressing Conceptual Ambiguity. Journal of Management Development, 24 (6), 530-545, (2005).
  • Hillage, J. & Pollard, E. Employability: Developing a framework for policy analysis:. Retrieved 09/11/2017, from DfEE: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130402091826/https://education.gov.uk.publications/eOrderingDownload/RB85.pdf, (1998).
  • Holt, G. D. Construction research questionnaires and attitude measurement: relative index or mean? Journal of Construction Procurement, 3 (2), 88-96, (1997).
  • Holt, G. D. Asking questions, analysing answers: relative importance revisited. Construction Innovation, 14 (1), 2-16, (2014).
  • Humburg, M. & Velden, R. V. Self-assessments or tests? Comparing cross-national differences in patterns and outcomes of graduates' skills based on international large-scale surveys. Studies in Higher Education, 40 (3), 482-504, (2015).
  • Kamal, K. Training employable graduates: Innovation in training technology. Paper presented at the National Conference on Continuing Technical Education and Training, the Katherina Hotel, Batu Pahat Johor. Johor, (2006).
  • Katyal, V. & Arora, R. Graduate Employability and Students' Orientation to Labor Market. Procs, 10th AIMS International Conference on Management, 6-9 Jan 2013 (pp. 1-11). Bangalore: The Association of Indian Management Scholars Interantional, (2013).
  • Lau, H.-H., Hsu, H.-Y., Acosta, S. & Hsu, T.-L. Impact of participation in extra-curricular activities during college on graduate employability: an empirical study of Taiwanese Business Schools. Educational Studies, 40 (1), 26-47, (2014).
  • Liu, T.-t. & Sun, H.-b. Gender differences on information Literacy of Science and Engineering Undergraduates. I. J. Modern Education and Computer Science, 2, 23-30, (2012).
  • Lokhoff, J., Wegewijs, B., Durkin, K., Wagenaar, R., Gonzalez, J., Isaacs, A. K., et al. CoRe: Tuning Educational Structures in Europe, a guide to formulating degree programme competencies and programme learning outcomes. Tuning Lifelong Learning, Bilbao, Gronongen and The Hague, (2010).
  • Maina, J. J. Perception of the impact of the architecture curriculum on final year design: Do gender and mode of entry matter? A'JETS, ATBU Journal of Environmental Technology (in press).
  • Maina, J. J. & Daful, C. K. Do they measure up? Architecture Graduates' Perception of Acquired Skills, Employer's Expectations and What is Obtained. JORIND, Journal of Research in National Development, 15 (1), 153-161, (2017).
  • Maina, J. J., & Salihu, M. M. An Assessment of Generic Skills and Competencies of Architecture Graduates in Nigeria. AJETS, 9 (1), 30-41, (2016).
  • Matsouka, K. & Mihail, D. M. Graduates' employability: What do graduates and employers think? Industry and Higher Education, 30 (5), 321-326, (2016).
  • McCowan, T. Can Higher Education Solve Africa's job Crisis? Understanding Graduate Employability in Sub Saharan Africa. British Council. London: British Council, (2014).
  • Mtan, T. Impact of time management on academic performance of architecture students in Nigeria: A case study of undergraduate students of Architecture, Kano State University. Zaria: Unpublished BSc project, (2017).
  • Mtebula, C. T. Employers' and Graduates Perception Survey on Employability and Graduateness: Products of the School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg: Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Witwatersrand, (2014).
  • Nelson, A. A. & Dopson, L. Future of Hotel Education: Required Skills and knowledge for Graduates of U. S. Hospitality Programs beyond the Year 2000- Part One. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 13 (5), 58-67, (2001).
  • Pitan, O. S. An assessment of generic skills demand in five sectors of the Nigerian Labor Market. Public and Munincipal Finance, 4 (1), 28-36, (2015).
  • Pitan, O. S. & Adedeji, S. O. Skills Mismatch Among University Graduates in the Nigeria Labor Market. US-China Education Review, 90-98, (2012).
  • Porter, A. Student Employability Index 2014 Part Two. NCUB, National Centre for Universities and Business. London: NCUB, Compass Group, (2014).
  • Rokooei, S. & Goedert, J. Simulation as an Effective Tool For Gender Education in Construction. In P. E. Doolittle, & D. L. Lusk (Ed.), Procs, Higher Education Pedagogy, 5-7 February 2014 (pp. 291-292). Virginia, US: Virginia Tech, (2014).
  • Rooke, J. D. Developing a more empirical approach to culture, attitude and motivation in construction management research: a critique and a proposal. Journal of Construction Procurement, 3 (2), 45-55, (1997).
  • Salleh, R., Yusoff, M. M., Amat, S. C., Noor, A. M. & Suredah, N. Profiling Industry-Relevant Competencies of Graduate Architects through Online Job Advertisements. International Business Research, 6 (11), 43-51, (2013).
  • Saunders, V. & Zuzel, K. Evaluating Employability Skills: Employer and Student Perceptions. Bioscience Education, 15 (1), 1-15, (2010).
  • Schmidt, H. G. & van der Molen, H. T. Self-reported Competency ratings of Graduates of a Problem-based Medical Curriculum. Academic Medicine, 76 (5), 466-468, (2001).
  • Sodipo, O. O. Employability of Tertiary Education Graduates in Nigeria: Closing the Skills Gap. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 2 (3), 28-36, (2014).
  • Spiridonidis, C. Towards a Competency Based Architectural Education in Europe. Report on the Validation panel on Tuning in Architecture. Retrieved 11/12/ 2014, from EHNSA: www.unideusto.org/tuningeu/images/stories/Summary_of_outcomes_TN/Toward_a_competencies_Based_Architectural_Education_in_Europe.doc, (2007).
  • Strebler, M., Thompson, M. & Heron, P. Skills, Competencies and Gender: Issues for Pay and Training, Report 333. The Institute for Employment Studies. Brighton, UK: IES, (1997).
  • Tsitskari, E., Goudas, M., Tsalouchou, E., & Michalopoulou, M. Employers' expectations of the employability skils needed in the sport and recreation environment. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education, 20, 1-9, (2017).
  • Tymon, A. The Student Perspective on Employability. Studies in Higher Education, 38 (6), 841-856, (2013).
  • UIA. UNESCO/UIA Charter for Architectural Education. Tokyo, Japan: International Union of Architects, (2011).
  • UIA. UIA Accord on recommended International Standards of Professionalism in Architectural Practice (Ammended August 2014). Durban, South Africa: International Union of Architects, (2014).
  • Wickramasinghe, V. & Parera, L. Graduates', university lecturers' and employers' perceptions towards employability skills. Education and Training, 52 (3), 226-244, (2010).
  • World Bank. Youth employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Development Forum. Washington D. C.: World Bank, (2014).
  • Yorke, M. Employability in Higher Education: What it is-what it is not. York: Higher Education Academy, (2006).
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Mimarlık
Yazarlar

Joy Maina

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Maina, J. (2018). RELIABILITY OF SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRES: DO ARCHITECTURE POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS OVERESTIMATE THEIR EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS? FEEDBACK FROM GRADUATES AND EMPLOYERS. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 6(2), 71-81.