Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 7, 51 - 73, 04.09.2016

Ercüment Yıldırım

Öz

Coğrafi açıdan Yukarı Fırat Havzası olarak lokalize edilebilecek olan Sophene bölgesi
günümüzde Elazığ ve Tunceli illerini kapsamaktadır. Bölgenin dağlık coğrafi yapısından dolayı
tarih boyunca ele geçirilmesi ve tutulması oldukça zor olmuştur. Bölge, Anadolu'da yazının
geniş ölçüde kullanıldığı Hitit çivi yazılı metinlerinde "Išuwa", "Pahhuwa", "Zuppa"; Urartu
kaynaklarında "Şupa(ni)" ve antik yazarların eserlerinde ise "Sophene" ya da "Sophenene"
olarak adlandırılmıştır. Antik çağ yazarları kendine has coğrafi özelliklere sahip olan bölge
hakkında bilgiler vermişlerdir. Özellikle Strabon, bölgenin yeri konusunda anlatımlarda
bulunmasına rağmen bölgede yaşayan halkın sahip olduğu kültür ve yaşayış tarzı konusunda
yeterince bilgi vermemiştir. Selevkos, Pontus, Armenia krallıkları ile Roma arasında geçen
mücadelede bölge önem kazanmıştır. Selevkos Kralı III. Antiochus'un Roma ile yaptığı
mücadele esnasında ona bağlı olan Sophene valileri Artaxias ve Zariadres bağımsızlığını ilan
etmiştir. Sophene yaklaşık yüz yıl süreyle bağımsız kalmıştır. Pontus Kralı Mithradates'in Roma
ile girdiği mücadeleyi sona erdirmek için Anadolu'nun doğusuna sefer düzenleyen Romalı
General Pompey, Armenia Krallığı ile birlikte Sophene bölgesini ele geçirmiştir. Sophene, önce
Büyük Tigranes'in oğlu III. Tigranes'e verilmiş ise de onun Parthia Krallığı ile olan ilişkileri
nedeniyle geri alınarak Roma'nın Kapadokya eyaletine bağlanmıştır. Roma'nın bir eyaleti
haline dönüşen Sophene, sonraki dönemlerde Roma - Parthia mücadelesinde Roma'nın ileri
karakolu görevini üstlenmiştir. Uzun dönem Roma'nın bir parçası olan bölge daha sonra Türk
- İslam idaresine girmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antik Yazarlar, Sophene, Išuwa, Suppa(na), Armenia

SOPHENE REGION RELATED EXPRESSIONS ON THE WORKS OF ANCIENT AUTHORS

Öz

Sophene region may be as geographically localized Upper Euphrates Basin covers the
provinces of Tunceli and Elazig today. Due to the geographical structure of mountainous,
region has been quite difficult to seizure and retention throughout the history. The region has
been named as "Išuwa", "Pahhuw", and "Zuppa" in Hittite nail in the written text, "Supa(ni)"
in Urartu source and "Sophene" or " Sophenene " at works of the ancient writers'. The authors
of antiquity gave information about the region that has unique geographic characteristics. In
particular, Strabon gave information about the location of the region but he was not inform
enough information of the people living in the region have culture and life style on. The Region
has gained importance in the struggle between Seleucid, Pontic, Armenia kingdoms and Rome.
During his struggle with Rome, King of Selevkos Antiochus III affiliated with Artaxias and
Zariadres of Sophene governor has declared its independence. Sophene remained independent
for nearly a hundred years. Roman general Pompey which regulates the eastern Anatolian to
end the fight with The King of Pontus Mithridates, conquered the region Sophene with the
Kingdom of Armenia. Sophene, was given to eldest son of Tigranes of Tigranes III but it was
taken back to him because of he's relations with the Kingdom of Parthia, were attached to the
province of Cappadocia. Sophene, turned into a province of Rome, became outpost in the
struggle Roman-Parthian in later periods. The region has been part of Rome for long period,
then it entered the Turkish-Islamic administration. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ancient Writers, Sophene, Išuwa, Suppa(na), Armenia

Kaynakça

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