TANIK PSİKOLOJİSİ VE SORGULAMA TEKNİKLERİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 2111 - 2137, 31.12.2022

Alper Küçükay

https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1136934

Öz

Tanık ifadesi, hukukta son derece önemli bir yere sahip olan bir enstrümandır. Tanığın ifadesi olayların aydınlatılması ve hakikatin anlaşılması bağlamında kritik bir önem taşır. Sorgulama ise yargının karşısına çıkan tanığın vereceği ifadeyi en sağlıklı ve güvenilir şekilde alınması adına yapılan önemli bir işlemdir. Hakimler kararlarını verirken gerçeği ortaya çıkarmayı ve bunu yaparken adil olmayı amaçlarlar. karar verirlerken sahip oldukları zeka, aldıkları hukuk eğitimi ve yargısal görevleri ile yerine getirmeye çalışırlar. Hakimlerin kimi konularda karar vermesine yardımcı olacak diğer bir husus ise tanık psikolojisi ve tanık ifadesidir. Tanığın güvenilirliği doğal olarak suç olayı ve suçlu ile ilgili hatırladıklarına bağlı olup bu bağlamda tanık psikolojisi üzerinde durmak gereklidir. Bununla birlikte tanığın sorgulanma tarzı ve yöntemi vereceği yanıtlar üzerinde etkilidir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında ise suç olayı hakkındaki aydınlatıcı bilgiye ulaşma konusunu direkt olarak etkileyen sorgulama tekniklerinin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çapraz sorgu ise tanığın ifadesinin alınabilmesi için hukukçuların kullanabileceği bir metot olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Başta çapraz sorgu olmak üzere tüm sorgulama teknikleri tanığın psikolojik durumu üzerinde etki gösterebilmektedir. Ayrıca, bu teknikler ve soru tarzlarının tanığın nasıl bir yanıt vereceğini belirleyebilme gücüne de sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu makalede tanığa soru sorma metotları ve sonuçları psikolojik bağlamda değerlendirilmiş olmakla birlikte çapraz sorgu teknikleri de ağırlıklı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çapraz sorgu metotlarının nasıl uygulandığı, nelere yol açtığı ve çapraz sorgunun sorgulanan üzerindeki çarpıcı etkileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Bu şekilde sorgu türleri arasındaki farklılıklar ile çapraz sorgunun tanık ifadesi ve psikolojisi üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tanık Psikolojisi, Tanık İfadesi, Sorgulama Teknikleri, Çapraz Sorgu

EYEWITNESS PSYCHOLOGY AND EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES

Öz

Eyewitness testimony is an instrument that has an important place in law. The eyewitness’s testimony is critical in
terms of clarifying the events and understanding the truth. The examination is crucial to take the witness’s
testimony who comes before the judiciary most healthily and reliably. Judges aim to reveal the truth when making
their decisions and be fair in doing so. While making decisions, they try to fulfill them with their intelligence, legal
education, and judicial duties. Witness psychology and witness statements are other issues that will help judges
decide on some cases. The witness’s credibility naturally depends on what he remembers about the crime and the
criminal. For this reason, it is necessary to focus on the psychology of the witness. However, the way and method
of examining the witness are influential in his answers. From this point of view, the significance of examination
techniques, which directly affect the issue of accessing enlightening information about the crime event, emerges.
Cross-examination, on the other hand, is a method that lawyers can use to take the statement of the witness. All
examination techniques, especially cross-examination, can impact the psychological state of the witness. It is also
thought that these techniques and question styles have the power to determine how the witness will respond. In
this article, the methods of asking questions to the witness and their results are evaluated in the psychological
context, but also the cross-examination techniques are mainly discussed. How the cross-examination methods are
applied, what it causes, and the striking effects of cross-examination on the questions are also evaluated. In this
way, the differences between the types of examination and the consequences of cross-examination on witness
expression and psychology were revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eyewitness Psychology, Eyewitness Testimony, Techniques of Examination, Cross-Examination

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