AN ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE EMERGENCE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 1726 - 1764, 31.12.2022

Önder Perçin

https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1175310

Öz

It is generally stated that the initial forms of international organizations [hereinafter IOs] can be traced back
to the 19th century, and IOs actually get on the stage after the World War II [hereinafter WW II]. This
statement causes to raise some questions such as ''Why there were no IOs existed before the 19th century?''
or ''Why the WW II is a landmark in the history of IOs?''. Some scholars answer these questions by listing
several reasons mainly regarding to sovereignty, transaction costs, the cataclysm of WW II, and the like.
However, this paper claims that these answers are not persuasive and it is possible to develop a more
persuasive alternative analysis that is based on historical facts and derived from main approach of General
Public Law discipline. Therefore, this paper has a two-tiered argument. First, it tries to refute the
abovementioned answers. Second, it tries to establish a more persuasive alternative analysis. This
alternative analysis depends on classifying IOs into two groups as technical IOs [hereinafter TIOs] and nontechnical IOs [hereinafter NTIOs], and claims that they are emerged depending on different reasons:
Existence of TIOs depends on necessities of technical developments, whereas existence of NTIOs depends
on the American governmental understanding, and hegemony.

Anahtar Kelimeler

General public law, international organizations, technical international organizations, non-technical international organizations, hegemony

ULUSLARARASI ORGANIZASYONLARIN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞLARINA İLIŞKİN ALTERNATİF BIR ANALİZ

Öz

Uluslararası kuruluşların ilk hallerine, 19. yüzyıldan itibaren rastlanmaya başlandığı ve tam olarak ortaya çıkışlarının ise 2. Dünya Savaşından sonra olduğu genel olarak kabul edilen bir husustur. Bu kabul, ''Neden 19. yüzyıldan önce uluslararası kuruluşlar yoktur?'' veya ''Neden 2. Dünya Savaşı uluslararası kuruluşların tarihinde önemli bir yer oynamaktadır?'' şeklinde soruları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu sorulara egemenlik, işlem maliyeti, 2. Dünya Savaşı felaketi ve benzeri kavramlar çerçevesinde bazı cevaplar verilmektedir. Fakat, bu çalışmada, bu cevapların yeterince tutarlı, açıklayıcı ve ikna edici olmadığı ve Genel Kamu Hukuku disiplinin kavram ve kuramlarından hareketle tarihsel olguları esas alan daha tutarlı ve açıklayıcı alternatif bir analiz geliştirilebileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışmada ilk olarak konuya ilişkin mevcut cevaplar eleştirilerek tutarsızlıkları tespit edilecektir. Ardından, daha tutarlı ve açıklayıcı bir analiz ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Alternatif analiz, uluslararası kuruluşları teknik ve teknik olmayan şeklinde iki gruba ayırmakta ve bunların her birinin ortaya çıkışlarının farklı nedenlere dayandığını ileri sürmektedir. Buna göre, teknik uluslararası kuruluşların ortaya çıkışı teknolojik gelişmelerin doğurduğu ihtiyaçlara dayanmakta iken, teknik olmayan uluslararası kuruluşların ortaya çıkışı Amerikan devlet anlayışı ve hegemonyaya dayanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genel kamu hukuku, uluslararası kuruluşlar, teknik uluslararası kuruluşlar, teknik olmayan uluslararası kuruluşlar, hegemonya

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