Öz
The GNNS positioning is frequently used in dam, bridge, railway, sewerage and pipeline projects, deformation and the crustal movements measurement. The measurement and environmental factor affect on the GNNS point positioning accuracy. The effect on response variable of different factors can be investigated using experimental design methods. One of these methods is Full Factorial Design. The main aim of this study is to determined the effects of selected factors on the GNNS positioning. The factors were measurement time, measurement duration, and mask angle. A 23 factorial design was utilized to analyze the role of the selected factors in the GNNS positioning. The results indicated that the high level of the all factors gave the minimum value on the GNNS positioning. The results of the study is the measurements factors of GNNS positioning must be selected and analyzed carefully according to aim of study
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Leick, A., 2004, “GPS Satellite Surveying”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York
- El-Rabbany, A., 2006, “Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System”, Artech House mobile communications series
- http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/EM_1110-1-1003 pfl/
- Seltman, H.J., 2013, “Experimental Design and Analysis”, http://www.stat.cmu.edu/hseltman/ 309/Book/Book.pdf
- Coruh, S., Elevli, S., Geyikci, F., 2012, “Statistical evaluation and optimization of factors affecting the leaching performance of copper flotation waste”, Thescientificworldjo. ID758719, doi:10.1100/2012/758719
- Navidi, W., 2008, “Statistics for Engineers and Scientist”, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. New York.
- George, M.L., Rowlands, D., Price, M., Maxey, J., 2005, “Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook”, McGraw-Hill. New York
- Stone, J.M., Powell, J.D., 1998, “Precise positioning with GPS near obstructions by augmentation with pseudolites”, Proceedings of IEEE PLANS, Palm Springs. CA. 562-569
- Yoshimura, T., Hasegawa, H., 2003, “Comparing the precision and accuracy of GPS positioning in forested areas”, J For Res JPN, 8, 147– 152. doi:10.1007/s10310-002-0020-0
- Svabensky, O., Weigel, J., 2004, “Optimized technology for GPS height determination”, FIG Working Week, May 22-27, Athens, Greece
- Wing, M.G., Eklund, A., Sessions, J., Karsky, R., 2008, “Horizontal measurement performance of five mapping-grade global positioning system receiver configurations in several forested settings”, West J Appl For, 23(3), 166–171.
- Pirti, A., 2008, “Accuracy analysis of GPS positioning near to forest environment”, Croat J For Eng, 29(2), 189–197
- Brenneman, M.T.,, Morton, Y.T., Zhou, Q., 2010, “GPS multipath detection with ANOVA for adaptive arrays”,.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst, 46(3), 1171–1184.
- Raghunath, S., Malleswari, B.L., Sridhar, K., 2011, “Analysis of GPS errors during different times in a day”, IJORCS, 2(1), 45–48
- Cai, C., Gao, Y., 2007, “Precise Point Positioning Using Combined GPS and GLONASS Observations”, CPGPS, 6(1), 13-22.
- Pirti, A., Gumus, K., Erkaya, H., Hosbas, R.G., 2010, “Evaluation Repeatability of RTK GPS/GLONASS Nera/Under Forest Environment”, Croat J F Eng, 31(1), 23-33
- Sisman, Y., 2014, “The optimization of GPS positioning using response surface methodology”, Arab J Geosci, 7(3),1223-1231, DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-0834-4
- Abad, P., Suarez, J.P., 2004, “Bi-factorial analysis for resolution of GPS equations” J Comput Appl Math, 164-165, 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.cam.2003.11.006.
- Wu, C.F.J., Hamada, M., 2009, “Experiments: Planning, Analysis, and Optimization” 2nd Edition, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-471-69946-0
- Box, G.E.P., Hunter, W.G., Hunter, J.S., 2005, “Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery”, 2nd Edition, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-71813-0
- Ismail, A.A., El-Midany, A.A., Ibrahim, I.A., Matsunaga, H., 2008, “Heavy metal removal using SiO2-TiO2 binary oxide: experimental design approach” Adsorption 14, 21-29
- http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varyans_analizi, ulaşım: 14.11.2014.
Öz
Konum belirleme baraj, köprü, tren yolu, kanalizasyon ve boru hattı projeleri, deformasyon ve kabuk hareketlerinin ölçümünde çok sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Çevresel faktörler ve ölçücü tarafından belirlenen ölçme seçenekleri GNNS ile konum belirlemenin doğruluğunu etkiler. Deney tasarımı ile farklı faktörlerin sonuç değişken üzerindeki etkileri araştırılır. Deney tasarımı yöntemlerinden biri de Full Faktöriyel Dizayndır. Bu çalışmanın amacı GNNS ile konum belirlemede seçilen faktörlerin etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla yapılan uygulamada sonuç değişkeni olarak GNNS ile konum belirlemenin karesel ortalama hatası, faktörler olarak da ölçü zamanı, ölçü süresi ve uydu yükseklik açısı seçilmiştir. Bu işlem için 23 faktöriyel deney tasarlanmış ve Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Kampüs alanında oluşturulan kontrol ağının ölçüleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile seçilen faktörlerin (+1) seviyelerinin sonuç değişkenini azalttığı görülmüştür ve GNNS ile konum belirlemede ölçü faktörlerinin çalışmanın amacına göre seçilerek deney tasarımı yöntemi ile analiz edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Leick, A., 2004, “GPS Satellite Surveying”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York
- El-Rabbany, A., 2006, “Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System”, Artech House mobile communications series
- http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/EM_1110-1-1003 pfl/
- Seltman, H.J., 2013, “Experimental Design and Analysis”, http://www.stat.cmu.edu/hseltman/ 309/Book/Book.pdf
- Coruh, S., Elevli, S., Geyikci, F., 2012, “Statistical evaluation and optimization of factors affecting the leaching performance of copper flotation waste”, Thescientificworldjo. ID758719, doi:10.1100/2012/758719
- Navidi, W., 2008, “Statistics for Engineers and Scientist”, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. New York.
- George, M.L., Rowlands, D., Price, M., Maxey, J., 2005, “Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook”, McGraw-Hill. New York
- Stone, J.M., Powell, J.D., 1998, “Precise positioning with GPS near obstructions by augmentation with pseudolites”, Proceedings of IEEE PLANS, Palm Springs. CA. 562-569
- Yoshimura, T., Hasegawa, H., 2003, “Comparing the precision and accuracy of GPS positioning in forested areas”, J For Res JPN, 8, 147– 152. doi:10.1007/s10310-002-0020-0
- Svabensky, O., Weigel, J., 2004, “Optimized technology for GPS height determination”, FIG Working Week, May 22-27, Athens, Greece
- Wing, M.G., Eklund, A., Sessions, J., Karsky, R., 2008, “Horizontal measurement performance of five mapping-grade global positioning system receiver configurations in several forested settings”, West J Appl For, 23(3), 166–171.
- Pirti, A., 2008, “Accuracy analysis of GPS positioning near to forest environment”, Croat J For Eng, 29(2), 189–197
- Brenneman, M.T.,, Morton, Y.T., Zhou, Q., 2010, “GPS multipath detection with ANOVA for adaptive arrays”,.IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst, 46(3), 1171–1184.
- Raghunath, S., Malleswari, B.L., Sridhar, K., 2011, “Analysis of GPS errors during different times in a day”, IJORCS, 2(1), 45–48
- Cai, C., Gao, Y., 2007, “Precise Point Positioning Using Combined GPS and GLONASS Observations”, CPGPS, 6(1), 13-22.
- Pirti, A., Gumus, K., Erkaya, H., Hosbas, R.G., 2010, “Evaluation Repeatability of RTK GPS/GLONASS Nera/Under Forest Environment”, Croat J F Eng, 31(1), 23-33
- Sisman, Y., 2014, “The optimization of GPS positioning using response surface methodology”, Arab J Geosci, 7(3),1223-1231, DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-0834-4
- Abad, P., Suarez, J.P., 2004, “Bi-factorial analysis for resolution of GPS equations” J Comput Appl Math, 164-165, 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.cam.2003.11.006.
- Wu, C.F.J., Hamada, M., 2009, “Experiments: Planning, Analysis, and Optimization” 2nd Edition, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-471-69946-0
- Box, G.E.P., Hunter, W.G., Hunter, J.S., 2005, “Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery”, 2nd Edition, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-71813-0
- Ismail, A.A., El-Midany, A.A., Ibrahim, I.A., Matsunaga, H., 2008, “Heavy metal removal using SiO2-TiO2 binary oxide: experimental design approach” Adsorption 14, 21-29
- http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varyans_analizi, ulaşım: 14.11.2014.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Nisan 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 |