GPS-PPP ve GPS/GLONASS-PPP Yöntemlerinin Konum Belirleme Performanslarının Ölçü Süresine Bağlı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2016, HARİTA TEKNOLOJİLERİ ELEKTRONİK DERGİSİ YIL:2016 CİLT:8 SAYI:1, 22 - 39, 30.04.2016

Cemal Özer Yiğit , Mahmut Kızılarslan Emrah Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.15659/hartek.16.03.289

Öz

Bu makalede, Hassas Nokta Konumlama (Precise Point Positioning - PPP) yönteminin yüksek duyarlıklı konum
bilgisi gerektiren çalışmalarda ölçü süresine bağlı konum belirleme performansının hem GPS ölçüleri hem de
GPS/GLONASS ölçüleri kullanılarak araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, düşük (ekvator), orta ve yüksek
(kutup) enlem olmak üzere 3 farklı enlem bölgesinde seçilen 3 IGS noktasına ilişkin 30 günlük ardışık 24 saatlik
(günlük) RINEX verileri kullanılmıştır. Her bir noktaya ilişkin 24 saatlik RINEX verileri 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 ve 12 saatlik
dilimlere ayrılarak yeni veri setleri elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra tüm veri setleri yalnızca GPS ve GPS/GLONASS
ölçüleri, web tabanlı online CSRS-PPP yazılımı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm veri setlerine ait GPS-PPP
ve GPS/GLONASS-PPP sonuçları hem doğruluk hem de tekrarlılık açısından ölçü süreleri de dikkate alınarak
karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

PPP, GPS, GLONASS

Kaynakça

• El- Rabbany, A. (2006). Introduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System. 2nd edition, Artech House Publisher.
• Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger H.,Wasle, E. (2008). GNSS–Global Navigation Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS. Galileo & more. Springer, Wien, New York, NY.
• Zumberge, J.F., Heflin, M.B., Jefferson, D.C., Watkins, M.M., Webb F.H. 1997). Precise Point Positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(3), 5005-5017.
• Kouba, J., Héroux, P. (2001). GPS Precise Point Positioning Using IGS Orbit and Clock Products. GPS Solutions, 5(2), 12-28.
• Li, T., Wang, J., Laurichesse, D. (2014). Modeling and quality control for reliable precise point positioning integer ambiguity resolution with GNSS modernization. GPS Soluttions, 18(3), 429- 442.
• Kouba, J. (2003). Measuring seismic waves induced by large earthquakes with GPS. Stud Geophys Geod, 47, 741–755.
• Savage, J.C., Gan W., Prescott W.H., Svarc J.L. (2004). Strain accumulation across the coast ranges at the latitude of San Francisco 1994–2000. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(B03413), 1-11.
• Hammond, W.C., Thatcher, W. (2005). Northwest Basin and Range tectonic deformation observed with the global positioning system: 1999–2003. Journal of Geophysical Research Letters, 110(B10405), 1-12.
• Calais, E., Han, J.Y., Demets, C., Nocquet, J.M. (2006). Deformation of the North American plate interior from a decade of continuous GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(B06402), 1-23.
• Ohta, Y., Ohzono, M., Miura, S., Iinuma, T., Tachibana, K., Takatsuka, K., Miyao, K., Sato, T., Umino N. (2008). Coseismic fault model of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake deduced by a dense GPS network. Earth Planets Space. 60, 1197–1201.
• Avallone, A., Marzario, M., Cirella, A., Piatanesi, A., Rovelli, A., Di Alessandro, C., D’Anastasio, E., D’Agostino, N., Giuliani, R., Mattone, M. (2011). Very high rate (10 Hz) GPS seismology for moderate-magnitude earthquakes: The case of the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila (central Italy) event. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, 1-14.
• Li, X., Ge, M, Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Guo, B., Wang, R., Klotz, J., Wickert, J. (2013). Real-time high-rate co-seismic displacement from ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning: Application to earthquake early warning. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 295–300.
• Kuo, C., Chiu, K., Chiang, K., Cheng, K., Lin, L., Tseng, H., Chu, F., Lan, W., Lin, H. (2012). High-Frequency Sea Level Variations Observed by GPS Buoys Using Precise Point Positioning Technique. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, 23, 209–218.
• Fund, F., Perosanz, F., Testut, L., Loyer, S. (2013). An Integer Precise Point Positioning technique for sea surface observations using a GPS buoy. Advances in Space Research, 51, 1311–1322.
• Bock H., Hugentobler U., Beutler G., (2003). “Kinematic and dynamic determination of trajectories for low Earth satellites using GPS” In: Reigber C., Luhr H., Schwintzer P., Editors, “First CHAMP mission results for gravity magnetic and atmospheric studies”, Springer.
• Gao, Y., Wojciechowski, A., Chen, K. (2005). Airborne kinematic positioning using precise point positioning methodology. Geomatica, 59, 275–282.
• Zhang, X., Andersen, O.B. (2006). Surface ice flow velocity and tide retrieval of the Amery ice shelf using precise point positioning. Journal of Geodesy, 80, 171–176.
• Geng, J., Teferle, F.N., Meng, X., Dodson, A.H. (2010). Kinematic precise point positioning at remote marine platforms. GPS Solutions, 14, 343-350.
• Alkan, R.M., Öcalan, T. (2013). Usability of the GPS Precise Point Positioning Technique in Marine Applications. The Journal of Navigation, 66, 579–588.
• Yigit, C.O. (2016) Experimental assessment of post-processed Precise Point Positioning for Structural Health Monitoring. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7(1), 360-383.
• Li, P., Zhang, X. (2014). Integrating GPS and GLONASS to accelerate convergence and initialization times of precise point positioning. GPS Solutions, 18(3), 461-471.
• Cai, C., Gao, Y. (2007). Precise Point Positioning using combined GPS and GLONASS observations. Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 6(1),13-22.
• Azab, M., El Rabbany, A., Shourky, M.N., Khalil, R. (2011). Precise Point Positioning using combined GPS/GLONASS measurements. FIG Working Week, 1-8, Marrakech, Morocco, 18-22 May.
• Martin, W., Ladd, J. (1997). GPS+GLONASS Surveying. Proceeding of ION GPS-97, 851-856, Kansas City, MO, USA, 16-19 September.
• Raffaela, C., Marco, G. (2000). Dual Frequency GPS+GLONASS measurements in the static relative positioning. Bollettino di geodesia e scienze afini, 59, 391-403.
• Stewart, M.P., Tsakiri, M., Wang, J., Monico, J.F. (2000). The contribution of GLONASS measurements to regional and continental scale geodetic monitoring regimes. Earth Planets Space, 52, 877-880.
• Bruyninx, C. (2007). Comparing GPS-only with GPS+GLONASS Positioning in a Regional Permanent GNSS Network. GPS Solutions, 11, 97-106.
• Wang, J., Wang, J. (2007). Comparing long baseline results from GPS and GPS/GLONASS. Combined Int. Symp. & Exhibition on Geoinformation & GNSS, 1-10, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 5-7 November.
• Alcay, S., Inal, C., Yigit, C.O., Yetkin, M. (2012). Comparing GLONASS-only with GPS-only and hybrid positioning in various length of baselines. Acta Geodaetica Geophysica et Hungarica, 47(1), 1-12.
• Zheng, Y., Nie, G., Fang, R., Yin, Q., Yi, W., Liu, J. (2012). Investigating of GLONASS performance in differential positioning. Earth Science Informatics, 5(3-4), 189-199.
• Ebner, R., Featherstone, W.E. (2008). How well can online GPS PPP post-processing services be used to establish geodetic survey control networks?. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 2(3), 149–157.
• Piriz, R., Calle, D., Mozo, A., Navarro, P., Rodriguez, D., Tobias, G.G. (2009) Orbits and clocks for GLONASS precise-point-positioning. Proceedings of ION GNSS-2009, 2415-2424, Savannah, Georgia, USA, 22-25 September.
• Cai, C., Gao, Y. (2013). Modelling and assessment of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning. GPS Solutions, 17, 223-236.
• Anquela, A.B., Martín, A., Berné, J.L., Padín, J. (2013) GPS+GLONASS Static and Kinematic PPP Results, A Case Study. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 139(1), 47–58.
• Yigit, C.O., Gikas, V., Alcay, S., Ceylan, A. (2014) Performance evaluation of short to long term GPS, GLONASS and ,GPS/GLONASS post-processed PPP. Survey Review, 46(3), 155-166.
• El-Mowafy, A. (2009). Alternative post-processing relative positioning approach based on precise point positioning. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 135(2), 56-65.
• El-Mowafy, A. (2011). Analysis of Web-Based GNSS Post-Processing Services for Static and Kinematic Positioning Using Short Data Spans. Survey Review, 43(323), 535–549.
• Kızılarslan, M. (2014). GPS-PPP ve GPS/GLONASS-PPP Yöntemlerinin Konum Belirleme Performansının Değerlendirilmesi. Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Yiğit, C.Ö., Özdemir, B.N., Alçay, S., Ceylan, A. (2016). CSRS-PPP Yazılımının Uzun Dönemli GNSS Zaman Serilerinin Oluşturulmasında ve Nokta Hızlarının Kestirilmesinde Kullanılabilirliği. Harita Dergisi, 155, 23-31.