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The Readability and Design of Health Education Materials

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 28 - 39, 01.08.2016

Öz

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess readability and design of health education materials. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Thirty-seven education materials prepared by Denizli Provincial Directorate of Health and Turkish Republic Ministry of Health and used in primary health care services in Denizli were examined in this study. Flesch Reading Ease Score and Turkish Readability Value were used to evaluate readability of the health education materials. The design of health education materials were evaluated using a twenty-seven-item list developed by the researchers. Results: Mean Flesch Reading Ease score was 44.59±23.46, and mean Turkish Readability Value was 11.02±3.63. The results indicate that those health education materials are difficult to read. The design of the education materials, although the title, information, content, and language were superior, page layout, writing style, and figures were inappropriate. Conclusions: The readability levels were found higher than the level of sixth grade. Therefore, it is recommended that the health education materials should be reorganized for easier reading comprehension, and their organization and design as well as their readability should be evaluated for the sake of comprehensibility so that those materials can fulfill their purposes

Kaynakça

  • Castro MS, Pilger D, Fuchs FD, Ferreira MBC. Development and validity of a method for the evaluation of printed education material. Pharm Pract 2007;5(2):89-94.
  • Kaya N, Kaya H. Hemşireler tarafından geliştirilen yazılı hasta eğitim materyallerinin okunabilirliğinin saptanması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2008;11(1):1-6.
  • Özer C, Şahin M, Dağdeviren N, Aktürk Z. Birinci basamakta hasta eğitimi. STED 2002;11(1):11-14.
  • Doak CC, Doak LG, Root JH. Chapter 4- Assessing suitability of materials. Margaret Belcher (editor). Teaching patients with low literacy skills. 2nd ed, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1996;41-60.
  • Ley P, Florio T. The use of readability formulas in health care. Psychol Health Med 1996;1(1):7-28.
  • Wilson M. Readability and patient education materials used for low-income populations. Clin Nurse Spec 2009;23(1):33- 40.
  • Du Bay WH. The principles of readability. Costa Mesa, CA: Impact Information, 2004; 1-72.Available from: http://www.impact-information.com/impactinfo/readability02.pdf, (Accessed 2016 April 22).
  • Ateşman E. Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi 1997;58:171-174.
  • Luk A, Aslani P. Tools used to evaluate written medicine and health information: document and user perspectives. Health Educ Behav 2011;38(4):389-403.
  • Hoffmann T, McKenna K. Analysis of stroke patients’ and carers’ reading ability and the content and design of written materials: recommendations for improving written stroke information. Patient Educ Couns 2006;60(3):286-293.
  • Polishchuk DL, Hashem J, Sabharwal S. Readability of online patient education materials on adult reconstruction web sites. J Arthroplasty 2012;27(5):716-719.
  • Kasabwala K, Agarwal N, Hansberry DR, Barades S, Eloy JA. Readability assessment of patient education materials from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;147(3):466-471.
  • Wang LW, Miller MJ, Schmitt MR, Wen FK. Assessing readability formula differences with written health information materials: application, results, and recommendations. Res Soc Adm Pharm 2013;9(5):503-516.
  • Cutilli DD. Health literacy in geriatric patients: an integrative review of the literature. Orthop Nurs 2007;26(1):43-48.
  • Shieh C, Hosei B. Printed health information materials: evaluation of readability and suitability. J Community Health Nurs 2008;25(2):73-90.
  • Temur T. Okunabilirlik (Readability) kavramı. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları 2003;13:169-172.
  • Friedman DB, Hoffman-Goetz L. A systematic review of readability and comprehension instruments used for print and web-based cancer information. Health Educ Behav 2006;33(3):352-373.
  • Hendrickson RL, Huebner CE, Riedy CA. Readability of pediatric health materials for preventive dental care. BMC Oral Health 2006; 6(14):1-9.
  • İnci FH, Serçekuş P. Anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili web-tabanlı eğitim materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi 2015; 8(1): 45-50.
  • Vallance JK, Taylor LM, Lavallee C. Suitability and readability assessment of educational print resources related to physical activity: implications and recommendations for practice. Patient Educ Couns 2008;72(2):342-349.
  • Arnold CL, Davis TC, Ohene Frempong J, Humiston SG, Bocchini A, Kennen EM, Lloyd-Puryear M. Assessment of newborn screening parent education materials. Pediatrics 2006;117(5):320-325.
  • Flesch R. A new readability yardstick. J Appl Psychol 1948;32(3):221-233.
  • Bezirci B, Yılmaz AE. Metinlerin okunabilirliğinin ölçülmesi üzerine bir yazılım kütüphanesi ve Türkçe için yeni bir okunabilirlik ölçütü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (Seçilmiş Bildiriler Özel Sayısı) 2010;12(3):49-62.
  • Keskınkılıç F, Karataş S. Eğitsel içerikli web sitelerinin metin tasarım unsurları açısından incelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojileri Araştırmaları Dergisi 2011;2(1):1-13.
  • Demır F, Ozsaker E, Ilce AO. The quality and suitability of written educational materials for patients. J Clin Nurs 2008;17(2):259-265.
  • Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: An instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53(2):105-111.
  • Clayton LH. TEMPtEd: Development and psychometric properties of a tool to evaluate material used in patient education. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2009;65(10):2229-2238.
  • Johansson K, Salantera S, Katajisto J, Leino-Kilpi H. Written orthopedic patient education materials from the point of view of empowerment by education. Patient Educ Couns 2004;52(2):175-181.
  • Badarudeen S, Sabharwal S. Assessing readability of patient education materials: current role in orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010;468(10):2572-2580.
  • Human Development Report 2013. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. Human Development Index and its components, 2013; p:145. Available from: http://issuu.com/undp/docs/hdr_2013_en/1, (Accessed 2016 April 28).
  • Beutel BG, Danna NR, Melamed E, Capo JT. Comparative Readability of Shoulder and Elbow Patient Education Materials within Orthopaedic Websites. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 2015;73(4): 249-256.
  • AlKhalili, R, Shukla PA, Patel RH, Sanghvi S, Hubbi B. Readability assessment of internet-based patient education materials related to mammography for breast cancer screening. Acad Radiol 2015;22(3): 290-295. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.10.009
  • Tekbaş F, Ceylan S, Oğur R, Açıkel C, Göçgeldi E. Sağlık eğitiminde kullanılan materyaller ve etkin kullanımı. Ankara, ISBN:1307-9649, 2005; 39-44. Ulaşım adresi: http://www.halksagligi.org/dokuman/arsiv/1322524788.pdf, (Ulaşım tarihi: 24/042016)
  • Jaffray MA, Osman L, Mackenzie JF, Stearn R. Asthma leaflets for patients: what do asthma nurses use? Patient Educ Couns 2001;42(2):193-198.
  • Akansel N, Aydin N. Suitability of Turkish written patient educational materials related to breast cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 2011;12(6):1543-1547.
  • Griffin J, McKenna K, Tooth L. Written health education materials: making them more effective. Aust Occup Ther J 2003;50(3):170-177.

The Readability and Design of Health Education Materials

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 28 - 39, 01.08.2016

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık eğitim materyallerinin okunabilirliğini ve tasarımını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Bu çalışmada Denizli’de birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde kullanılan, Denizli İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan 37 eğitim materyali incelenmiştir. Sağlık eğitim materyallerinin okunabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesinde Flesch okuma kolaylığı puanı ve Türkçe okunabilirlik değeri kullanılmıştır. Sağlık eğitim materyallerinin tasarımı araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen 27 maddelik liste ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Flesch okuma kolaylığı puanı 44,59±23,46, Türkçe okunabilirlik değeri 11,02±3,63’dür. Bu sonuçlar sağlık eğitim materyallerinin okumak için zor olduğunu göstermektedir. Eğitim materyallerinin tasarımında başlık, bilgi, içerik ve dil çok uygun, sayfa yapısı ve yazım stili, şekiller uygun değildir. Sonuçlar: Okunabilirlik düzeyi altıncı sınıf düzeyinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle, okuyucular tarafından kolay anlaşılabilmesi için yeniden düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir. Sağlık eğitim materyallerinin amacına ulaşabilmesi ve daha kolay anlaşılabilmesi için okunabilirliğinin yanı sıra düzen ve tasarım açısından da değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Castro MS, Pilger D, Fuchs FD, Ferreira MBC. Development and validity of a method for the evaluation of printed education material. Pharm Pract 2007;5(2):89-94.
  • Kaya N, Kaya H. Hemşireler tarafından geliştirilen yazılı hasta eğitim materyallerinin okunabilirliğinin saptanması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2008;11(1):1-6.
  • Özer C, Şahin M, Dağdeviren N, Aktürk Z. Birinci basamakta hasta eğitimi. STED 2002;11(1):11-14.
  • Doak CC, Doak LG, Root JH. Chapter 4- Assessing suitability of materials. Margaret Belcher (editor). Teaching patients with low literacy skills. 2nd ed, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1996;41-60.
  • Ley P, Florio T. The use of readability formulas in health care. Psychol Health Med 1996;1(1):7-28.
  • Wilson M. Readability and patient education materials used for low-income populations. Clin Nurse Spec 2009;23(1):33- 40.
  • Du Bay WH. The principles of readability. Costa Mesa, CA: Impact Information, 2004; 1-72.Available from: http://www.impact-information.com/impactinfo/readability02.pdf, (Accessed 2016 April 22).
  • Ateşman E. Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi 1997;58:171-174.
  • Luk A, Aslani P. Tools used to evaluate written medicine and health information: document and user perspectives. Health Educ Behav 2011;38(4):389-403.
  • Hoffmann T, McKenna K. Analysis of stroke patients’ and carers’ reading ability and the content and design of written materials: recommendations for improving written stroke information. Patient Educ Couns 2006;60(3):286-293.
  • Polishchuk DL, Hashem J, Sabharwal S. Readability of online patient education materials on adult reconstruction web sites. J Arthroplasty 2012;27(5):716-719.
  • Kasabwala K, Agarwal N, Hansberry DR, Barades S, Eloy JA. Readability assessment of patient education materials from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;147(3):466-471.
  • Wang LW, Miller MJ, Schmitt MR, Wen FK. Assessing readability formula differences with written health information materials: application, results, and recommendations. Res Soc Adm Pharm 2013;9(5):503-516.
  • Cutilli DD. Health literacy in geriatric patients: an integrative review of the literature. Orthop Nurs 2007;26(1):43-48.
  • Shieh C, Hosei B. Printed health information materials: evaluation of readability and suitability. J Community Health Nurs 2008;25(2):73-90.
  • Temur T. Okunabilirlik (Readability) kavramı. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları 2003;13:169-172.
  • Friedman DB, Hoffman-Goetz L. A systematic review of readability and comprehension instruments used for print and web-based cancer information. Health Educ Behav 2006;33(3):352-373.
  • Hendrickson RL, Huebner CE, Riedy CA. Readability of pediatric health materials for preventive dental care. BMC Oral Health 2006; 6(14):1-9.
  • İnci FH, Serçekuş P. Anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili web-tabanlı eğitim materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi 2015; 8(1): 45-50.
  • Vallance JK, Taylor LM, Lavallee C. Suitability and readability assessment of educational print resources related to physical activity: implications and recommendations for practice. Patient Educ Couns 2008;72(2):342-349.
  • Arnold CL, Davis TC, Ohene Frempong J, Humiston SG, Bocchini A, Kennen EM, Lloyd-Puryear M. Assessment of newborn screening parent education materials. Pediatrics 2006;117(5):320-325.
  • Flesch R. A new readability yardstick. J Appl Psychol 1948;32(3):221-233.
  • Bezirci B, Yılmaz AE. Metinlerin okunabilirliğinin ölçülmesi üzerine bir yazılım kütüphanesi ve Türkçe için yeni bir okunabilirlik ölçütü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (Seçilmiş Bildiriler Özel Sayısı) 2010;12(3):49-62.
  • Keskınkılıç F, Karataş S. Eğitsel içerikli web sitelerinin metin tasarım unsurları açısından incelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojileri Araştırmaları Dergisi 2011;2(1):1-13.
  • Demır F, Ozsaker E, Ilce AO. The quality and suitability of written educational materials for patients. J Clin Nurs 2008;17(2):259-265.
  • Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: An instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53(2):105-111.
  • Clayton LH. TEMPtEd: Development and psychometric properties of a tool to evaluate material used in patient education. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2009;65(10):2229-2238.
  • Johansson K, Salantera S, Katajisto J, Leino-Kilpi H. Written orthopedic patient education materials from the point of view of empowerment by education. Patient Educ Couns 2004;52(2):175-181.
  • Badarudeen S, Sabharwal S. Assessing readability of patient education materials: current role in orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010;468(10):2572-2580.
  • Human Development Report 2013. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. Human Development Index and its components, 2013; p:145. Available from: http://issuu.com/undp/docs/hdr_2013_en/1, (Accessed 2016 April 28).
  • Beutel BG, Danna NR, Melamed E, Capo JT. Comparative Readability of Shoulder and Elbow Patient Education Materials within Orthopaedic Websites. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 2015;73(4): 249-256.
  • AlKhalili, R, Shukla PA, Patel RH, Sanghvi S, Hubbi B. Readability assessment of internet-based patient education materials related to mammography for breast cancer screening. Acad Radiol 2015;22(3): 290-295. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.10.009
  • Tekbaş F, Ceylan S, Oğur R, Açıkel C, Göçgeldi E. Sağlık eğitiminde kullanılan materyaller ve etkin kullanımı. Ankara, ISBN:1307-9649, 2005; 39-44. Ulaşım adresi: http://www.halksagligi.org/dokuman/arsiv/1322524788.pdf, (Ulaşım tarihi: 24/042016)
  • Jaffray MA, Osman L, Mackenzie JF, Stearn R. Asthma leaflets for patients: what do asthma nurses use? Patient Educ Couns 2001;42(2):193-198.
  • Akansel N, Aydin N. Suitability of Turkish written patient educational materials related to breast cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 2011;12(6):1543-1547.
  • Griffin J, McKenna K, Tooth L. Written health education materials: making them more effective. Aust Occup Ther J 2003;50(3):170-177.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Fadime Hatice Inci Bu kişi benim

Nazan Koştu Bu kişi benim

Ilgün Özen-çinar Bu kişi benim

Gülbahar Korkmaz-aslan Bu kişi benim

Asiye Kartal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Inci, F. H., Koştu, N., Özen-çinar, I., Korkmaz-aslan, G., vd. (2016). The Readability and Design of Health Education Materials. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 18(1), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.69487/hemarge.695911