Understanding Fatigue Factors and Consequences in Air Traffic Control: A Systematic Analysis

Öz

Fatigue is a critical issue in the domain of human factors and has been extensively examined across high-risk professions. Within the aviation sector, air traffic control (ATC) represents a unique operational environment characterized by high cognitive demands and continuous human-machine interaction, where tolerance for error is minimal. The aim of the study was to systematically identify and synthesize the primary factors contributing to fatigue in ATC and to evaluate their opera tional consequences. Although individual fatigue-related elements such as workload, circadian rhythm disruptions, sleep deprivation, shift patterns, and psychological stress have been previously addressed in the literature, they have often been examined in isolation. By employing a systematic review methodology, the study integrates a broad range of fatigue-related concepts to provide a comprehensive framework in ATC. The findings indicate that these interrelated factors significantly impair air traffic controllers’ cognitive performance, decision-making accuracy, and overall operational effectiveness. The review also discusses risk mitigation strategies and fatigue management approaches, emphasizing both short-term inter ventions and long-term systemic solutions aimed at safeguarding controller performance and ensuring aviation safety. The study highlights the necessity of a multidimensional perspective in addressing fatigue in ATC environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aviation
• air traffic control
• air traffic controller
• fatigue
• human factor
• safety

Hava Trafik Kontrolde Yorgunluk Faktörleri ve Sonuçlarının Anlaşılması: Sistematik Bir Analiz

Öz

Yorgunluk, insan faktörleri alanında kritik bir konu olup yüksek risk içeren meslek gruplarında kapsamlı biçimde incelen mektedir. Havacılık sektöründe ise hava trafik kontrolü (ATC), yüksek bilişsel taleplerin ve sürekli insan-makine etkileşiminin söz konusu olduğu, hataya neredeyse hiç tolerans tanınmayan özgün bir operasyonel ortamı temsil etmektedir. Bu çalış manın amacı, ATC bağlamında yorgunluğa neden olan başlıca etmenleri sistematik bir şekilde tanımlamak ve bunların operasyonel sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. İş yükü, sirkadiyen ritim bozuklukları, uyku eksikliği, vardiya düzenleri ve psikolojik stres gibi yorgunlukla ilişkili unsurlar daha önce literatürde ele alınmış olmakla birlikte, genellikle birbirinden bağımsız şekilde incelenmiştir. Sistematik derleme yöntemiyle hava trafik kontrolde yorgunluk kavramı kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bulgular, söz konusu etmenlerin birbiriyle ilişkili biçimde hava trafik kontrolörlerinin bilişsel performansını, karar alma doğruluğunu ve genel operasyonel etkinliğini önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca risk azaltma stratejileri ve yorgunluk yönetimi yaklaşımları ele alınmakta; hem kısa vadeli müdahalelere hem de uzun vadeli sistemik çözümlere vurgu yapılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, ATC ortamlarında yorgunlukla mücadelede çok boyutlu bir bakış açısının gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havacılık
• hava trafik kontrol
• hava trafik kontrolörü
• yorgunluk
• insan faktörü
• emniyet

Kaynakça

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