Araştırma Makalesi

SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973

Cilt: 15 Sayı: Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı 29 Ekim 2023
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SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973

Öz

1971 was a turbulent year, with many serious internal difficulties left unresolved. There was loss of confidence in the Government and partial collapse of public security, especially in the universities. The armed forces demanded and obtained Demirel’s resignation. He was replaced by Dr. Erim and an “above-party” Government, with a majority of technocrats from outside Parliament with a programme of radical, left-wing, reforms. Martial Law was needed to restore security. The Constitution was amended, meaning more power for the Government. In 1972 Turkey suffered from weak administration, intermittent terrorism, and repressive martial law, but Parliamentary democracy survived. The armed forces did not maintain their resolve to force reforms through Parliament. Dr. Erim’s above-party Government resigned, and was replaced by Melen’s, which was more acceptable to the Conservatives in Parliament. 1973 was a momentous year in which the republic founded by Atatürk celebrated its 50th anniversary. His last surviving close associate İnönü had died at 89, martial law was lifted, the armed forces failed to impose their candidate for President and Parliamentary democracy prevailed. An honest general election was held but there was no follow-through to a new Government, over which the armed forces remained patient with the politicians.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Archival Sources
  2. The National Archives (TNA), UK
  3. TNA/FCO9/1606/WST1/2, Turkey: Annual Review for 1971.
  4. TNA/FCO/1831/WST1/1, Turkey: Annual Review for 1972.
  5. TNA/FCO9/2112/WST1/3, Turkey: Annual Review for 1973.
  6. Books & Articles
  7. AHMAD, Feroz, Demokrasi Sürecinde Türkiye, Hil Yayınları, İstanbul 2010.
  8. AHMAD, Feroz, The Making of Modern Turkey, Routledge, London 1993.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

27 Ekim 2023

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Ekim 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Temmuz 2023

Kabul Tarihi

10 Ekim 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yeşilbursa, B. K. (2023). SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973. History Studies, 15(Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 101-119. https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1333372
AMA
1.Yeşilbursa BK. SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973. History Studies. 2023;15(Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı):101-119. doi:10.9737/historystudies.1333372
Chicago
Yeşilbursa, Behçet Kemal. 2023. “SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND ‘ABOVE-PARTY’ GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973”. History Studies 15 (Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı): 101-19. https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1333372.
EndNote
Yeşilbursa BK (01 Ekim 2023) SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973. History Studies 15 Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı 101–119.
IEEE
[1]B. K. Yeşilbursa, “SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND ‘ABOVE-PARTY’ GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973”, History Studies, c. 15, sy Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, ss. 101–119, Eki. 2023, doi: 10.9737/historystudies.1333372.
ISNAD
Yeşilbursa, Behçet Kemal. “SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND ‘ABOVE-PARTY’ GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973”. History Studies 15/Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı (01 Ekim 2023): 101-119. https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1333372.
JAMA
1.Yeşilbursa BK. SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973. History Studies. 2023;15:101–119.
MLA
Yeşilbursa, Behçet Kemal. “SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND ‘ABOVE-PARTY’ GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973”. History Studies, c. 15, sy Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, Ekim 2023, ss. 101-19, doi:10.9737/historystudies.1333372.
Vancouver
1.Behçet Kemal Yeşilbursa. SHADOW OF ARMY ON POLITICS AND “ABOVE-PARTY” GOVERNMENTS, 1971-1973. History Studies. 01 Ekim 2023;15(Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı):101-19. doi:10.9737/historystudies.1333372