Versailles Antlaşması’nın ve Milletler Cemiyeti’nin 1919 ve 1922 Arasındaki Dönemde Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 887 - 903, 10.11.2025

Onur Ağkaya

https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1612042

Öz

Bu çalışmada, “savaşlara son veren savaş” olması umulan Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonrasında, uluslararası siyaseti şekillendiren iki önemli tarihî olgu olan Versailles Antlaşması ve Milletler Cemiyeti’nin 1919 ve 1924 yılları arasındaki etkinliği ve belirleyiciliği analiz edilmektedir. Bu dönemde, reelpolitiki belirleyen unsurların başında ekonomi gelmiştir. Versailles Antlaşması’nı hazırlayan devletler arasındaki farklılaşmanın temelinde, ABD’nin ekonomik gücünün belirleyiciliği bulunmaktadır. ABD’nin yüklendiği rol ve politikaları, uluslararası sistemi, 1922’den itibaren, uluslararası sistemi Britanya İmparatorluğu’nun mutlak hegemonyasından Pax Anglo–Americana bir yapıya dönüştürmüştür. Savaşın önlenmesine dair uluslararası işbirliği sağlaması öngörülen Milletler Cemiyeti ise kaynaklarının ve gördüğü desteğin sınırlı kalması nedeniyle kendisi için konulan hedeflere ulaşmaktan uzak kalmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, çalışmada, Versailles Antlaşması’nın, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda galip gelen devletlerin siyaset anlayışındaki farklılıklar ve eski güçlerini kaybetmeleri nedeniyle, Almanya’yı dizginleme amacından uzaklaşarak uluslararası siyasette bir sistemden çok düzensizlik getirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Versailles Antlaşması , Milletler Cemiyeti , Birinci Dünya Savaşı , uluslararası sistem , Amerika Birleşik Devletleri dış politikası

An Evaluation on the Effectiveness of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations between 1919 and 1922

Öz

This study analyzes the effectiveness and determinism of the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations between 1919 and 1924, two significant historical events that shaped international politics in the aftermath of the First World War, which was hoped to be “the war to end wars.” During this period, the economy was the primary factor determining reelpolitik. The economic power of the United States of America underlies the differentiation between the states that prepared the Treaty of Versailles. The role and policies the United States undertook transformed the international system from the absolute hegemony of the British Empire to a Pax Anglo-Americana structure from 1922 onwards. The League of Nations, expected to provide cooperation in preventing war, fell short of achieving the goals set for itself due to its limited resources and support. As a result of the analysis, the study contends that the Treaty of Versailles deviated from its aim of restraining Germany and brought disorder rather than a system to international politics due to the differences in the political understanding and the loss of their former power of the states that won the First World War.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Treaty of Versailles , League of Nations , World War I , international system , United States foreign policy

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın bazı kısımları yazarın 2013'te İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü'nde tamamladığı "İngiliz Okulu Perspektifinden 1919-1929 Arası Dönemde Uluslararası Sistemin Yapısının Analizi "adlı yüksek lisans tezinden türetilmiş ve güncellenerek değerlendirilmek üzere sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

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