Macar Yetişkin Kadınların Fiziksel Aktivite ve Obezite Oranları Üzerinde Çevresel Etki: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Fiziksel hareketsizlik sinsice insanların hayatını ele geçirmekte, buna yanlış beslenme alışkanlıkları da eşlik ettiğinde obezite oranları giderek artabilmektedir. Bu sonuçlar ve sağlık uygulamaları, yetişkinlik döneminde taşıdıkları temel sosyal rolleri yerine getirmeleri gerektiğinden, yetişkin kadınların yaşadıkları çevreden etkilenmektedir. Bu sistematik derleme, Macaristan'daki çevrenin yaşam tarzı kalıplarını, sağlık uygulamalarını ve sonuçlarını nasıl etkilediğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri modelini izleyerek, sosyal ve yapılı çevrenin Macar kadın yetişkinlerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini ve yaşam tarzı kalıplarını ve bunlar arasındaki obezite oranlarını nasıl etkilediğini analiz etmeyi amaçladık. Nisan 2024'teki istatistiksel raporlardan ve araştırma makalelerinden beş belirleyici ile ilgili literatürü topladık ve analiz ettik, istatistiksel veri tabanlarından ulusal ve uluslararası raporlara ek olarak toplam 81 araştırma makalesi incelendi. Macar yetişkin kadınlar yeterli PA düzeyine sahip olma eğilimindedir. Ancak, bu kadınlar arasında obezite oranlarının yüksek olduğu düşünülmektedir ve bu durum, çoğunlukla Serbest Zaman Fiziksel Aktivitesi ile ilgili olmayan PA alanlarını uygulama eğiliminde olmalarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ek olarak, beslenme şekilleri ve kalori alımları tatmin edici olmayan sonuçlar göstermiştir. Sosyo-ekonomik durum yaşam tarzı kalıpları üzerinde olumsuz bir etki gösterirken, yapılı çevre olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. LTPA'nın sağlık sonuçları ve uygulamaları üzerinde diğer PA alanlarına göre daha iyi bir etkiye sahip olması nedeniyle LTPA'yı geliştirecek müdahalelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Yapılı çevrenin kullanımı, Macar kadın yetişkinleri LTPA uygulamaya teşvik etmek için düşük ücretli açık hava etkinliklerinin oluşturulmasına yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca, kamuda ve çalışma ortamında beslenme ve PA kılavuzlarına odaklanılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Kadın Yetişkinler
• Macaristan
• Sosyal Çevre

Environmental Influence on the Physical Activity and Obesity Rates of the Hungarian Adult Females: A Systematic Review

Öz

Introduction: physical inactivity is insidiously taking over people’s lives. As it interplays with improper dietary habits, obesity rates can have growing incidence. Those outcomes and health practices are influenced by the environment that adult females live at, since they are required to perform main social roles they carry during adulthood. This content analysis aims to analyse how the environment in Hungary influences their lifestyle patterns, health practices and outcomes. Methods and Objectives: the objective of this study is to analyse how social environment affect physical activity and domains of the Hungarian female adults and as a result the obesity rates among them. following the Social Determinants of Health model, a literature analysis from statistical reports and research articles was carried out in April 2024 to collect results and data related to the five determinants of health. Besides, physical activity, eating patterns, and obesity rates were collected from databases to correlate the SDOH with obesity. Results: Hungarian adult females tend to have sufficient PA level. However, obesity rates among them are considered high compared with European countries, this is due to PA domains that they tend to practice which are mainly not related to LTPA. Additionally, dietary patterns and caloric intakes were among the highest in European countries. Socio-economic status showed negative impact on their lifestyle patterns, while built environment had a positive impact. Conclusion: Interventions to enhance LTPA are needed, since it has better influence on their health outcomes and practices than other PA domains. The utilization of built environment can help to create outdoor activities with low fees to encourage Hungarian female adults to practice LTPA. Also, there should be focus on nutrition and PA guidelines in public and in working environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Social environment
• physical activity
• obesity
• Hungary
• female adults

Kaynakça

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