A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker

Abstract

This investigation displays a novel, practical indium tin oxide- polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) based electrochemical biosensor for the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) biomarker determination. The ITO-PET electrode is a very advantageous preferred semiconductive electrode material. It has a lot of great features such as easy to prepare, cheapness, flexibility, stability. It also allows determining an analyte at very low concentrations and provides a great wide concentration range for analyte analysis. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were used for the evaluation of biosensors, including the immobilization procedure, the investigation of the optimum conditions, and the characterization of biosensors. The immunosensor's electrode surface morphology during the immobilization process was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, Impedance measurement at a single frequency was used to characterize anti-TNFα and TNFα interactions (SFI). The clinical effectiveness of the developed biosensor was investigated by testing it with real human serum samples. Moreover, the fabricated immunosensor presents long shelf life, analysis of the antigen concentrations at picogram level (0.02 pg mL-1 -2.56 pg mL-1), reproducibility, reusability (11 times) and high sensitivity.

Keywords

• TNFα
• immunosensor
• ITO-PET electrode
• electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Tümör Nekrozis Faktörü-alfa biyobelirteç tayini için pratik ve tek kullanımlık ITO-PET bazlı immunosensör platformu

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Tümör Nekrozis Faktörü-alfa (TNFa) biyobelirteç tayini için yeni, pratik bir indiyum kalay oksit-polietilen tereftalat (ITO-PET) bazlı elektrokimyasal biyosensörü göstermektedir. ITO-PET elektrodu çok avantajlı olarak tercih edilen bir yarı iletken elektrot malzemesidir. Hazırlanmasının kolay olması, ucuz olması, esnekliği, sağlamlığı gibi bir çok iyi özelliği vardır. Ayrıca çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda bir analitin belirlenmesine izin verir ve analit analizi için çok geniş bir konsantrasyon aralığı sağlar. İmmobilizasyon prosedürü, optimum koşulların araştırılması ve biyosensörlerin karakterizasyonu dahil olmak üzere biyosensörlerin değerlendirilmesi için Elektrokimyasal Empedans Spektroskopisi (EIS) ve Döngüsel Voltametri (CV) kullanıldı. İmmünosensörün immobilizasyon işlemi sırasında elektrot yüzey morfolojisi bir Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak gözlendi. Ayrıca, anti-TNFα ve TNFα etkileşimlerini karakterize etmek için tek bir frekansta empedans (SFI) ölçümü kullanıldı. Geliştirilen biyosensörün klinik etkinliği, gerçek insan serum numuneleri ile test edilerek araştırıldı. Ayrıca, tasarlanan immünosensör uzun raf ömrü, pikogram düzeyinde antijen konsantrasyonlarının analizi (0.02 pg mL-1 -2.56 pg mL-1), tekrar üretilebilirlik, yeniden kullanılabilirlik (11 kez) ve yüksek hassasiyet sunar.

Keywords

• TNFα
• ITO-PET elektrot
• elektrokimyasal impedans spektroskopisi
• immunosensör

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