Investigation of Antibacterial activities of Pristine Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Against Periodontitis-Associated Bacteria and Imaging by Transmission Electron Microscopy: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Objective: It is very important to prevent periodontitis, which is a common oral disease all over the world, with the use of non-toxic and strong antibacterial activities. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, nanomaterials are widely preferred in dentistry due to their biocompatible structure, durability, lightness and low toxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), with their strong antibacterial activity, low toxicity and high biocompatibility, against periodontitis-causing bacteria. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, the antibacterial activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) against Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, oral pathogens that cause periodontitis, was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method, and ultrastructural changes were evaluated by TEM. Results: In TEM analyses, images of cells internalizing MWCNT were observed in similar patterns under all incubation conditions. Untreated oral pathogen cells have a smooth surface. The nuclei of the cells are distinct and centrally located, their cytoplasm is regular, and the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane structure are seen as a whole. Both pathogens indicated antibacterial activity at different concentrations and exposure times of MWCNTs. At low concentrations (5 and 10µl) and prolonged exposure time (72 h), it exhibited significant antibacterial activity in both pathogens (P<0.05). In both pathogens, the antibacterial effect decreased with increasing MWCNT concentration and longer exposure time. In TEM examinations, intense cell wall and membrane damage is observed in pathogenic cells. Lysis and ghost cell formations were observed in some cells. Conclusion: MWCNTs showed high antibacterial effects by causing cellular damage in oral pathogens.

Keywords

• MWCNT
• antibacterial effect
• TEM
• periodontitis
• P. intermedia
• A. actinomycetemcomitans

Saf Çok Duvarlı Karbon Nanotüpün Periodontitis İlişkili Bakterilere Karşı Antibakteriyel Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması ve Transmisyon Elektron Mikroskobu ile Görüntüleme: Bir in vitro Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç:Tüm dünyada yaygın ağız hastalığı olan periodontitisin toksik olmayan ve güçlü antibakteriyel aktivitelerin kullanımı ile önlenmesi çok önemlidir. Son yıllarda nanoteknolojinin hızla gelişmesiyle birlikte nanomalzemeler biyouyumlu yapıları, sağlamlıkları, hafiflikleri ve düşük toksisiteleri nedeniyle diş hekimliğinde oldukça fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çok duvarlı karbon nanotüpler (MWCNT'ler), güçlü antibakteriyel aktiviteleri, düşük toksisiteleri ve yüksek biyouyumlulukları ile periodontitis etkeni bakterilere karşı karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu in vitro çalışma, çok duvarlı karbon nanotüpler (MWCNT'ler), periodontitise neden olan oral patojenler olan Prevotella intermedia ve Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans'a karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesi agar kuyu difüzyon yöntemi ile ultra yapısal değişiklikler ise TEM ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular:TEM analizlerinde, saf MWCNT'yi içselleştiren hücrelerin görüntüleri, tüm inkübasyon koşullarında benzer şekillerde gözlendi. Tedavi edilmeyen oral patojen hücreleri pürüzsüz bir yüzeye sahiptir. Hücrelerin çekirdekleri belirgin ve merkezi yerleşimli, sitoplazmaları düzenli, hücre duvarı ve sitoplazmik membran yapısı bir bütün olarak görülmektedir. Her iki patojen de saf MWCNT'lerin farklı konsantrasyonlarında ve maruz kalma sürelerinde antibakteriyel aktivite gösterdi. Düşük konsantrasyonlarda (5 ve 10μl) ve uzun maruz kalma süresinde (72 saat), her iki patojende de önemli antibakteriyel aktivite sergiledi (P<0.05). Her iki patojende de antibakteriyel etki, MWCNT konsantrasyonunun artması ve maruz kalma süresinin uzamasıyla azaldı. TEM incelemelerinde patojen hücrelerde yoğun hücre duvarı ve membran hasarı görülmektedir. Bazı hücrelerde lizis ve hayalet hücre oluşumları gözlendi. Sonuç: MWCNT'ler oral patojenlerde hücresel hasar oluşturmak suretiyle yüsek antibakteriyel etki göstermiştir.

Keywords

• A. actinomycetemcomitans
• MWCNT
• antibakteriyel etki
• TEM
• periodontitis
• P.intermedia

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