The Importance of Extraction, Purification and Spectroscopic Analysis Techniques in the Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products

Year 2026, Volume: 54 Issue: 2 , 149 - 175 , 31.03.2026

Tuğba Tunceli

https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1817157

https://izlik.org/JA68EH33MZ

Abstract

Since ancient times, natural resources like plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms have been utilized to develop new drugs. Natural products continue to be compounds of interest today as drug candidates due to their functional group diversity, molecular asymmetry and complex structure. However, the concentration of pharmacologically active substances found in natural sources are relatively low. Furthermore, the time-intensive extraction and purification process also limits the discovery of drugs from natural resources. Therefore, the development of selective and efficient experimental procedures for the extraction and isolation of bioactive metabolites still remains essential. This review aims to comprehensively summarize both conventional and modern extraction methods used to obtain biologically active natural products, various chromatography techniques applied in their purification and isolation, and the spectroscopic techniques necessary for elucidating their chemical structures.

Keywords

Bioactive Compound , Extraction , Chromatography , Natural Resource , Spectroscopy

Ethical Statement

This manuscript is a review article and does not involve any original research on human participants, animals, or any new experimental procedures. Therefore, no ethical approval was required.

Supporting Institution

Not applicable

Thanks

None

Biyoaktif Doğal Ürünlerin Keşfinde Ekstraksiyon, Saflaştırma ve Spektroskopik Analiz Tekniklerinin Önemi

https://izlik.org/JA68EH33MZ

Abstract

Eski çağlardan beri bitkiler, bakteriler, mantarlar ve deniz organizmaları gibi doğal kaynaklar yeni ilaçlar geliştirmek için kullanılmıştır. Doğal ürünler, fonksiyonel grup çeşitliliği, moleküler asimetri ve karmaşık yapıları nedeniyle günümüzde de ilaç adayı olarak ilgi çeken bileşikler olmaya devam etmektedir. Ancak, doğal kaynaklarda bulunan farmakolojik olarak aktif maddelerin konsantrasyonu nispeten düşüktür. Ayrıca, zaman alıcı ekstraksiyon ve saflaştırma süreci de doğal kaynaklardan ilaç keşfini kısıtlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, biyoaktif metabolitlerin ekstraksiyonu ve izolasyonu için seçici ve etkili deneysel prosedürlerin geliştirilmesi hâlâ önemini korumaktadır. Bu derleme, biyolojik olarak aktif doğal ürünler elde etmek için kullanılan hem geleneksel hem de modern ekstraksiyon yöntemlerini, saflaştırma ve izolasyonlarında uygulanan çeşitli kromatografi tekniklerini ve kimyasal yapılarının aydınlatılması için gerekli spektroskopik teknikleri kapsamlı bir şekilde özetlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Biyoaktif Bileşik , Ekstraksiyon , Kromatografi , Doğal Kaynak , Spektroskopi

Ethical Statement

Bu makale bir derleme çalışması olup insan katılımcılar, hayvanlar veya yeni deneysel prosedürler içermemektedir. Bu nedenle herhangi bir etik onay alınmasına gerek bulunmamaktadır.

Supporting Institution

Uygulanamaz

Thanks

Uygulanamaz

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