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The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 463 - 476, 01.11.2016

Öz

Low density polyethylene LDPE is one of the most widely used plastic in agriculture and the degradability of mulch film is increased by introducing thermoplastic starch TPS into the LDPE. In this study, TPS/LDPE blends were prepared by twin screw compounder and TPS content is varied from 20 to 40%. To improve the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of TPS, citric acid and stearic acid were added as compatibilizers. To ac- celerate the degradation cobalt II acetylacetonate was used as a pro-oxidant. The blended mulch films were buried in soil inoculated with Coriolus versicolor L. Quél. and Postia placenta Fr. M.J. Larsen & Lombard for 180 days for the degradation. The changes in the chemical structures of the films were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy before and after soil burial treatment. The weight loss of all samples achieved after 180 days of biodegradation and increasing starch content speeded up the weight loss. The effects of compatibilizers on thermal, tensile and morphological properties of blends were determined by TGA, mechanical and SEM analy- sis. When cobalt II acetylacetonate used together with citric acid, the thermal stability of TPS in films was enhanced. It was also found that samples with citric acid exhibited higher elongation at break values compared to films with stearic acid.

Kaynakça

  • M. Bonora, D. De Corte, Additives for controlled degradation of agricultural plastics: ENVIROCARE, Macromol Symp., 197 (2003) 443-453.
  • E. Chiellini, P. Cinelli, F. Chiellini, S.H. Imam, Environmentally Degradable Bio-Based Polymeric Blends and Composites, Macromol. Biosci., 4 (2004) 218-231.
  • T. Leejarkpai, U. Suwanmanee, Y. Rudeekit, T. Mungcharoen, Biodegradable kinetics of plastics under controlled composting conditions, Waste Manage., 31 (2010) 1153–1161.
  • H. Hamid, B.M. Amin, A.G. Maadhah, Handbook of Polymer Degradation, (1992), Marcel Dekker, Inc.,New York.
  • L.K. Lewandowicz, Polymer Biodegradation and biodegradable polymers-A Review, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 19 (2010) 255-266.
  • H-T. Liao, C.S. Wu, Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene-octene elastomer/ clay/biodegradable starch nanocomposites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 97 (2005) 397-404. 7. G. Li, P. Sarazin, W.J. Orts, S.H. Imam, B.D. Favis, Biodegradation of thermoplastic starch and its blends with poly(lactic acid) and polyethylene: influence of morphology, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 212 (2011) 1147– 1154.
  • C.S. Tena-Salcido, F.J. Rodríguez-González, M.L. Méndez-Hernández, J.C. Contreras-Esquivel, Effect of morphology on the biodegradation of thermoplastic starch in LDPE/TPS blends, Polym. Bull., 60 (2008) 677–688.
  • T. Ke, X. Sun Physical properties of poly(lactic acid) and starch composites with various blending ratios, Cereal Chem., 77 (2000) 761-768.
  • M.L. Fishman, D.R. Coffin, R.P. Konstance, C.I. Onwulata, Extrusion of pectin/starch blends plasticized with glycerol, Carbohydr. Polym., 41 (2000) 317–325.
  • J.J.G. Van Soest, N. Knooren, Influence of glycerol and water content on the structure and properties of extruded starch plastic sheets during aging, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 64 (1997) 1411–1422.
  • M. Xiaofei, Y. Jiugao, F. Jin, Urea and formamide as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch, Polym. Int., 53 (2004) 1780–1785.
  • G. Scott, D. Gilead, Degradable Polymers Principle and Applications (1995), Chapman and Hall, London.
  • M. Koutny, J. Lemaire, A. Delort, Biodegradation of polyethylene films with prooxidant additives, Chemosphere, 64 (2006) 1243–1252.
  • N. Sharma, L.P. Chang, Y.L. Chu, H. Ismail, U.S. Ishiaku, Z.A. Mohd Ishak, A study on the effect of pro-oxidant on the thermo-oxidative degradation behaviour of sago starch filled polyethylene, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 71 (2001) 381-393.
  • Z. Osawa, N. Kurisu, K. Nagashima, K. Nakano, The Effect of Transition Metal Stearates on the Photodegradation of Polyethylene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 23 (1979) 3583- 3590.
  • S. Fontanella, S. Bonhomme, M. Koutny, L. Husarova, J.M. Brusson, J.P. Courdavault, S. Pitteri, G. Samuel, G. Pichon, J. Lemaire, A.M. Delort, Comparison of the biodegradability of various polyethylene films containing pro-oxidant additives, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 95 (2010) 1011-1021.
  • J.S. Peanasky, J.M. Long, R.P. Wool, Percolation Effects in Degradable Polyethylene-Starch Blends, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys., 29 (1991) 565–579.
  • H.A. Abd El-Rehim, E.A. Hegazy, A.M. Ali, A.M Rabie, Synergistic effect of combining UV-sunlight–soil burial treatment on the biodegradation rate of LDPE/starch blends, J. Photoch. Photobı. A, 163 (2004) 547–556.
  • R.K. Baldev, K. Udaya Sankar, LDPE/Starch blend films for food packaging applications, Adv. Polym. Tech., 23 (2004) 32–45.
  • Y. Orhan, H. Büyükgüngör, Enhancement of biodegradability of disposable polyethylene in controlled biological soil, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 45 (2000) 49-55.
  • W. Liu, Y-J. Wang, Z. Sun, Effects of polyethylene- grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) on thermal properties, morphology, and tensile properties of low- density polyethylene (LDPE) and corn starch blends, J. App. Polym. Sci., 88 (2003) 2904–2911.

Sitrik Asit ve Stearik Asit Uyumlaştırıcılarının TPN/AYPE Karışımı Malç Filmlerinin Bozunma Davranışı Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 463 - 476, 01.11.2016

Öz

A z yoğunluklu polietilen AYPE tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılan plastiklerden biridir ve LDPE’den üretilen malç filmlerin bozunabilirliği termoplastik nişasta TPN eklenmesi ile artırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bileşiminde %20’den %40’a kadar değişen oranlarda TPN bulunan TPN/LDPE karışımları çift vidalı karıştırıcı kullanılarak hazırlandı. TPN’nın ara yüzey yapışmasını geliştirmek ve matris içinde daha iyi dağılmasını sağlamak için, sitrik asit ve stearik asit uyumlulaştırıcıları ilave edildi. Bozunmayı hızlandırmak için kobalt II asetilasetonat pro-oksidan olarak kullanılmıştır. Malç filmler bozunması için 180 gün Coriolus versicolor L. Quél ve Postia plasenta Fr. M.J. Larsen & Lombard ile aşılanmış topraklara gömüldü. Filmlerin kimyasal yapılarındaki değişiklikler toprağa gömülmeden önce ve sonra FTIR spektroskopisi ile değerlendirildi. Tüm örneklerin ağırlık kaybı 180 gün biyobozunmadan sonra ölçüldü ve artan nişasta içeriği ile ağırlık kaybının hızlandığı görüldü. Uyumlaştırıcıların, malç karışımların ısıl, mekanik ve morfolojik özelliklerine etkileri TGA, mekanik testler ve SEM ile belirlenmiştir. Kobalt II asetilasetonat sitrik asit ile birlikte kullanıldığında TPN’nın filmlerdeki ısıl kararlılığı gelişmiştir. Aynı zamanda, sitrik asit ile hazırlanan filmler stearik asit ile kıyasla kopma anında daha yüksek uzama değerleri göstermiştir

Kaynakça

  • M. Bonora, D. De Corte, Additives for controlled degradation of agricultural plastics: ENVIROCARE, Macromol Symp., 197 (2003) 443-453.
  • E. Chiellini, P. Cinelli, F. Chiellini, S.H. Imam, Environmentally Degradable Bio-Based Polymeric Blends and Composites, Macromol. Biosci., 4 (2004) 218-231.
  • T. Leejarkpai, U. Suwanmanee, Y. Rudeekit, T. Mungcharoen, Biodegradable kinetics of plastics under controlled composting conditions, Waste Manage., 31 (2010) 1153–1161.
  • H. Hamid, B.M. Amin, A.G. Maadhah, Handbook of Polymer Degradation, (1992), Marcel Dekker, Inc.,New York.
  • L.K. Lewandowicz, Polymer Biodegradation and biodegradable polymers-A Review, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 19 (2010) 255-266.
  • H-T. Liao, C.S. Wu, Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene-octene elastomer/ clay/biodegradable starch nanocomposites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 97 (2005) 397-404. 7. G. Li, P. Sarazin, W.J. Orts, S.H. Imam, B.D. Favis, Biodegradation of thermoplastic starch and its blends with poly(lactic acid) and polyethylene: influence of morphology, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 212 (2011) 1147– 1154.
  • C.S. Tena-Salcido, F.J. Rodríguez-González, M.L. Méndez-Hernández, J.C. Contreras-Esquivel, Effect of morphology on the biodegradation of thermoplastic starch in LDPE/TPS blends, Polym. Bull., 60 (2008) 677–688.
  • T. Ke, X. Sun Physical properties of poly(lactic acid) and starch composites with various blending ratios, Cereal Chem., 77 (2000) 761-768.
  • M.L. Fishman, D.R. Coffin, R.P. Konstance, C.I. Onwulata, Extrusion of pectin/starch blends plasticized with glycerol, Carbohydr. Polym., 41 (2000) 317–325.
  • J.J.G. Van Soest, N. Knooren, Influence of glycerol and water content on the structure and properties of extruded starch plastic sheets during aging, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 64 (1997) 1411–1422.
  • M. Xiaofei, Y. Jiugao, F. Jin, Urea and formamide as a mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch, Polym. Int., 53 (2004) 1780–1785.
  • G. Scott, D. Gilead, Degradable Polymers Principle and Applications (1995), Chapman and Hall, London.
  • M. Koutny, J. Lemaire, A. Delort, Biodegradation of polyethylene films with prooxidant additives, Chemosphere, 64 (2006) 1243–1252.
  • N. Sharma, L.P. Chang, Y.L. Chu, H. Ismail, U.S. Ishiaku, Z.A. Mohd Ishak, A study on the effect of pro-oxidant on the thermo-oxidative degradation behaviour of sago starch filled polyethylene, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 71 (2001) 381-393.
  • Z. Osawa, N. Kurisu, K. Nagashima, K. Nakano, The Effect of Transition Metal Stearates on the Photodegradation of Polyethylene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 23 (1979) 3583- 3590.
  • S. Fontanella, S. Bonhomme, M. Koutny, L. Husarova, J.M. Brusson, J.P. Courdavault, S. Pitteri, G. Samuel, G. Pichon, J. Lemaire, A.M. Delort, Comparison of the biodegradability of various polyethylene films containing pro-oxidant additives, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 95 (2010) 1011-1021.
  • J.S. Peanasky, J.M. Long, R.P. Wool, Percolation Effects in Degradable Polyethylene-Starch Blends, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys., 29 (1991) 565–579.
  • H.A. Abd El-Rehim, E.A. Hegazy, A.M. Ali, A.M Rabie, Synergistic effect of combining UV-sunlight–soil burial treatment on the biodegradation rate of LDPE/starch blends, J. Photoch. Photobı. A, 163 (2004) 547–556.
  • R.K. Baldev, K. Udaya Sankar, LDPE/Starch blend films for food packaging applications, Adv. Polym. Tech., 23 (2004) 32–45.
  • Y. Orhan, H. Büyükgüngör, Enhancement of biodegradability of disposable polyethylene in controlled biological soil, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 45 (2000) 49-55.
  • W. Liu, Y-J. Wang, Z. Sun, Effects of polyethylene- grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) on thermal properties, morphology, and tensile properties of low- density polyethylene (LDPE) and corn starch blends, J. App. Polym. Sci., 88 (2003) 2904–2911.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Elif Vargun Bu kişi benim

Zekiye Sisli Bu kişi benim

Ferah Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Hayrünisa Baş Sermenli Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Vargun, E., Sisli, Z., Yılmaz, F., Sermenli, H. B. (2016). The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 44(4), 463-476.
AMA Vargun E, Sisli Z, Yılmaz F, Sermenli HB. The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films. HJBC. Kasım 2016;44(4):463-476.
Chicago Vargun, Elif, Zekiye Sisli, Ferah Yılmaz, ve Hayrünisa Baş Sermenli. “The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 44, sy. 4 (Kasım 2016): 463-76.
EndNote Vargun E, Sisli Z, Yılmaz F, Sermenli HB (01 Kasım 2016) The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 44 4 463–476.
IEEE E. Vargun, Z. Sisli, F. Yılmaz, ve H. B. Sermenli, “The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films”, HJBC, c. 44, sy. 4, ss. 463–476, 2016.
ISNAD Vargun, Elif vd. “The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 44/4 (Kasım 2016), 463-476.
JAMA Vargun E, Sisli Z, Yılmaz F, Sermenli HB. The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films. HJBC. 2016;44:463–476.
MLA Vargun, Elif vd. “The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, c. 44, sy. 4, 2016, ss. 463-76.
Vancouver Vargun E, Sisli Z, Yılmaz F, Sermenli HB. The Effects of Citric Acid and Stearic Acid Compatibilizers on the Degradation Behavior of TPS/LDPE Blends for Mulch Films. HJBC. 2016;44(4):463-76.

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